基于近场技术的微纳尺度热物性测量系统空间分辨率增强

传统的脉冲激光时域热反射系统通常基于远场光学设计,对于微纳米材料热物性测量的空间分辨率约在3μm～10μm范围,不足以满足先进微电子器件和芯片的热物性测试要求.基于近场光学原理,本文研究了提升时域热反射系统空间分辨率的新颖技术方法,并建立了相应的实验系统.实验获得的微纳结构样品测量数据表明,基于近场技术的时域热反射系统...     

高精度抛物面镜光轴偏角分析仪

针对大数值孔径旋转抛物面反射镜对倾斜入射光线较大的散焦和离焦问题,本文设计一种用于大数值孔径旋转抛物面反射镜光轴偏角测量的系统,用于对大数值孔径旋转抛物面反射镜光轴与结构轴的校准.该方法根据旋转抛物面反射镜成像原理,采用CCD 作为成像器件,分析轴偏所带来的光斑偏移量.实验结果表明,系统达到偏角角度分辨率0.06 ′,最大可测角度3.65 ′,该参数可以满足抛物面反射镜用作接收光学系统的应用.     

基于相机的光反射热成像误差分析

光反射测温过程主要包括CTR校准和温度测量两大步骤,涉及诸多测量量和影响因素。针对基于相机的光反射显微热成像系统,对CTR校准过程和温度测量过程中的各测量量对测温结果的误差贡献进行分析,同时还分析了相机读数的固定偏置项以及光源和相机响应度漂移对测温结果的误差贡献。基于分析结果,结合典型参数开展了估算和讨论,可为基于相机光反射测温系统的设计、组建和应用提供有益参考。     

数字散斑相关技术在微结构平面运动测试中的应用

微结构是微器件或微系统的基本组成部分,对其运动特性的测试有助于对器件或系统的性能和稳定性进行评价．为此,针对频闪成像技术获得的微结构运动图像序列,对数字散斑相关技术应用于微结构平面运动特性测试的实现方法进行了探讨,采用梯度法实现全局刚性位移的精确测量,并作为牛顿迭代法的初值进行区域变形量的提取。具有较高的计算效率SiCRF微谐振器平面运动特性测试实验表明,微结构平面刚性位移测量的分辨率和偏差分别能够达到1／100像素和1／20像素,区域变形信息提取的有效性也得到了初步验证．     

光功率热分析仪的温度校准方法研究

薄膜材料相变温度的准确测量是相变材料的应用关键.光功率热分析仪是基于薄膜材料相变前后光反射率发生突变的原理测量相变温度的新型仪器,采用真空红外加热方式达到相变温度.为了测量得到准确可靠的相变温度,通过对光功率热分析仪测量相变温度方式、标准热电偶原位校准仪器测温热电偶方法的研究,实现将相变温度溯源至SI单位,并且对在测温...     

复谱频域OCT系统高分辨率图像重建

为了提高复杂多层样品层析图像的分辨率,构建了复谱频域光学相干层析成像(CSOCT)系统.由于其在低亮度和高速成像方面相对于时域OCT具有更高的灵敏度,因此在光学相干层析成像系统中具有重要的作用.本文对测试样品二层盖波片进行成像实验,基于光学相干层析基本理论,采用五帧相移算法,最终获得测试样品的复谱频域OCT图像.实验结果表明,该系统可以消除谱频域OCT图像中的寄生项和镜像,改善和提高层析图像的分辨率.     

热成像无损检测技术比较研究

红外热成像无损检测技术作为潜力巨大的无损检测与评估技术正受到广泛关注。通过对涡流热成像、光学热成像和超声热成像3种无损检测技术的比较研究,探讨它们的理论基础、检测系统、应用领域、数据获取与处理、检测效率与精准度等,并对涡流热成像无损检测技术在缺陷检测与评估研究中的热点和应用前景进行分析展望。     

可变发射率热控器件的研究进展

可变发射率热控器件可替代机械式热控百叶窗,从而在航天器热控系统中得到应用,是微小卫星的关键技术之一。综述了该类器件的研究现状。介绍了电致变色、静电辐射、微机电(MEMS)、热致变色可变发射率热控器件的工作原理及特性,并归纳了该类器件的发展趋势。     

信息影像的应用（下）

11　热红外信息成像的应用在十九世纪 5 0年代热红外信息成像开始用于军事物体热缘的探测 ,它是以相对于背景的热差异来显示目标物的特性 ,在二十世纪 60年代 ,当它在地形测绘中应用的可能性被认识以后 ,在民用中的重要性就显得十分明显。在二十世纪 70年代 ,热红外遥感逐渐向科学和工程应用方面转移。热红外航空遥感成像得到的发射温差为 0 2℃ ,特殊的专用系统能够辨别出所测量的温差可达百分之一度。通过技术处理 ,不可见的热红外成像最后构成与像片一样的信息影像 ,灰色色调或以彩色编码表示的温度发射率的差异 ,一般明亮色调表示高温…     

基于成像光谱仪的频域OCT的实验研究

针对传统点扫描OCT系统的成像速度对OCT在实际研究和应用中的影响,本文提出并搭建了一种高速无扫描频域OCT系统,对该系统的成像分辨率、探测深度与各种噪声进行分析,并提出一种新的消除背景噪声的方法.该系统根据频域OCT和成像光谱仪的基本原理和工作特性,采用一种新的干涉光路以线聚焦方式对样品进行高速数据采集.实验结果表明,这种系统无需任何扫描装置就可得到二维层析图像,在对载玻片8 mm宽度范围成像时,其速度比传统点扫描方式快两个数量级;利用文中提出的数据处理方法成功将背景噪声消除.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...