大跨度桥梁主梁节段模型非平稳抖振时域模拟与分析

针对台风非平稳性显著的特征,开展大跨度桥梁主梁节段模型非平稳抖振时域模拟与分析。基于准定常理论,拓展了桥梁非平稳气动力模型,并通过阶跃函数进行了非平稳自激力的时域化。在此基础上,采用谐波合成法模拟了台风非平稳脉动风场,从而进一步开展了主梁节段模型的非平稳抖振响应时域分析,并与平稳理论分析结果进行了对比。研究结果表明:非平稳气动自激力可采用二维阶跃函数法进行时域化,并通过时变平均风速反映流体记忆效应的强度;桥梁非平稳静风位移与抖振位移RMS值均明显大于平稳抖振分析结果。因此,台风作用下大跨度桥梁的抖振响应分析有必要充分考虑非平稳特征的影响。     

典型流线桥梁断面缩阶微分方程抖振气动力模型

目前的桥梁断面气动力理论框架中,气动力通常采用Scanlan线性准定常公式和Davenport气动导纳概念对准定常抖振力进行修正。已有的研究表明,导纳函数随来流特性变化较为明显,对同一桥梁断面也没有统一适用的导纳函数表达。除此之外,抖振力非线性特性方面的理论研究亦为国际风工程前沿热点问题。结合上述两方面,以桥梁抖振分析的关键问题抖振气动力合理建模为出发点,建立了基于状态空间方程的非定常、非线性时域抖振力模型。提出了能同时准确模拟非定常、非线性效应的纯时域气动力模型——缩阶微分方程抖振气动力模型。利用主动控制风洞试验技术进行桥梁节段模型抖振力荷载测量试验,对比研究了窄带和宽带谐波来流条件下的桥梁断面气动力荷载的非定常、非线性特性。     

平均风与气弹效应一体化的桥梁非线性后颤振分析

提出了一种一体化考虑平均风效应与非线性气弹效应的桥梁后颤振时域数值算法。引入多阶段阶跃函数的概念来描述断面不同运动振幅状态下的气弹性能,即模拟了随振幅演变的非线性气弹效应。后颤振时域算法的实现需要解决两大基本问题:不同阶段的阶跃函数之间的平滑切换以及平均风效应与气弹效应之间的有效融合。为了避免不同阶段阶跃函数突然切换所引起的非物理瞬态响应,采取了平行激励的求解策略,即所有阶段的阶跃函数同时并独立地参与气动自激力的计算,得到各个阶段对应的气动自激力,任意时刻的气动自激力则通过对某相邻的两个阶段的气动自激力进行插值得到。此外,引入伪稳态效应分离法,解决了平均风荷载与气弹效应之间的不相容问题。数值算例分析表明,提出的数值算法成功地实现了一体化考虑平均风效应与非线性气弹效应的时域分析,也为大跨度桥梁的非线性后颤振性能及强健性分析提供了理论基础与求解思路。     

桥梁颤振稳定峡谷效应时域分析

以地形模型风场测试为手段,测试了山区峡谷桥址的平均风水平分布特性。在风洞试验所得颤振导数的基础上,采用阶跃函数对桥梁断面自激力进行模拟,并对模拟准确性进行了分析与校核,继而推出时域颤振动力有限元分析过程中桥梁断面自激力的递推表达式。在此基础上,最后考虑峡谷桥梁桥面处平均风速的水平分布,对大跨度悬索桥颤振稳定性进行了数值分析。分析结果表明:考虑峡谷平均风速沿加劲梁展向不均匀分布后对桥梁颤振临界风速值有明显的影响,较大幅度地提高了临界风速值。相比之下,按目前我国公路桥梁抗风设计规范取水平向均匀分布风速进行山区峡谷桥梁进行颤振稳定性验算会得到偏于保守的结果。     

单面碰撞TMD及其桥梁涡激振动控制研究

单面碰撞调谐质量阻尼器(SS-PTMD)是一种新型减振装置,通过惯性力和黏弹性碰撞进行结构减振,针对SS-PTMD动力性能、碰撞力模型与验证、SS-PTMD桥梁节段模型涡振控制等开展了理论与试验研究。根据质量块单边运动受限和碰撞的特点,获得了SS-PTMD的动力特性;开展了钢-黏弹性材料碰撞试验,提出了碰撞力模型,根据试验数据识别了碰撞力模型参数,并验证了碰撞力模型;通过1∶40桥梁节段模型涡激振动风洞试验,发现+7°风攻角下出现了明显的涡激振动,根据简谐力涡激力模型识别了模型气动参数;采用仿真分析评估了SS-PTMD控制桥梁涡激振动的效果,在质量比2%及最大涡振振幅风速条件下的减振效率达到87%;通过风洞试验研究了SS-PTMD涡激振动控制效果,在质量比2%及最大涡振振幅风速条件下的减振效率达到92%;理论分析和试验结果表明,SS-PTMD对桥梁涡激振动具有很好的减振效果。     

桥梁抖振时域和频域分析的一致性研究

为考查时域分析方法用于桥梁抖振分析的可行性和可靠性,基于相同的分析参数,分别采用时域和频域分析方法对一斜拉桥的抖振响应进行分析,并从结构振动型态、抖振响应均方根及抖振响应功率谱密度函数三个方面对时域和频域分析结果的一致性进行了较详细的比较。时域抖振响应分析中,采用谱解法模拟了斜拉桥的脉动风场,抖振力采用准定常表达形式,自激力采用Y.K. Lin 表达形式。由于自激力的存在,结构的运动方程为非线性,提出了一种迭代方法来考虑自激力引起的非线性。采用Newmark-β方法进行积分计算。频域抖振分析采用多模态耦合分析方法。时域及频域抖振响应分析结果的一致性较好,这表明了大跨度斜拉桥时域抖振响应分析的可行性和可靠性。     

超临界雷诺数下拉索顺风向自激力特性研究

为获得超临界雷诺数下拉索顺风向振动自激力特性,推导了拉索与顺风向阻尼相关的颤振导数准定常解析值。为保证数值模拟的质量,基于固定拉索CFD计算的网格无关性检查,确定了振动拉索数值模拟的合理参数和气动力系数。开展了雷诺数为5.18×105,折算风速在53~1 050范围内拉索顺风向强迫振动数值模拟和拉索颤振导数P*1识别,研究结果与准定常解析值的良好一致性,说明了方法的合理性,研究表明能采用准定常解析值来确定拉索超高折算风速下的颤振导数P*1。研究同时表明,在超高折算风速和拉索顺风向振动情况下,拉索涡脱力显著主导气动力,拉索振动不改变拉索的漩涡脱落频率,因此拉索自激气动力可忽略,风荷载只需考虑涡脱力。     

小振幅振动屋盖风压特性研究

风荷载作用下,大跨度屋盖通常会出现不同频率的小振幅振动。为描述这类小振幅振动屋盖的风荷载分布情况,采用准定常理论,构造基于时间离散的准定常风压统计方法,并由此给出相应的平均风压统计表达式。采用计算流体力学方法,对不同振动频率的屋盖进行风压分布模拟,结合准定常风压统计方法分析屋盖表面平均风压和脉动风压分布特性,并与相关风洞试验数据进行对比。研究结果表明:对于二阶振型振动的小振幅平屋盖,在不同振动频率条件下,屋盖表面平均风压的分布与静态平屋盖的形态接近;而脉动风压的特性与静态平屋盖的情况差别较大。     

π型叠合梁颤振试验及数值研究

基于某π型叠合梁断面进行了颤振试验及颤振导数试验,试验结果表明断面的颤振形式是极限环振动(LCO)而非发散振动;分析了断面的后颤振极限环及频率演变特性;采用了基于阶跃函数的后颤振自激力模型并通过试验验证了其在计算颤振临界风速及后颤振幅值方面的精度及可靠性,进一步分析了数值计算和试验两者之间产生误差的成因;对比分析了几何...     

横向风荷载作用下轴向运动弦线自激振动和稳定性分析

研究了横向定常风荷载作用下轴向运动弦线的非线性自激振动问题。将风荷载模型化为平均风速的非线性函数,建立动力学微分方程。采用Galerkin方法,将运动弦线简化为离散的二维系统并进行线性化,分析弦线平衡构型的稳定性,根据Routh-Hurtwitz判据确定了平衡点的稳定域。确定了多参数下Hopf分岔点及产生稳定极限环的条件。使用增量谐波平衡(IHB)法求解了自激振动的周期响应,按照Floquet理论确定了周期解的稳定性。最后,讨论了运动速度和平均风速稳定性的影响,并给出相应的稳定性条件。     

Experimental and numerical study of a horizontal-vertical gas-solid two-phase system with self-excited oscillatory flow

To better explore the energy-saving mechanism and flow characteristics of the self-excited oscillatory flow, the experiment is performed by a new self-excited oscillatory flow generator that the 45° oblique sheet is mounted through the pipe axis in a horizontal-vertical closed pneumatic conveying system. The experimental study focuses on the optimum air-velocity and power consumption, and results shows the maximum reduction of the optimum air-velocity and the coefficient of power consumption are approximately 8.2% and 16.4%, respectively. In addition, the CFD-DEM coupled approach is first developed to investigate the interaction of gas-solid flow in terms of the gas turbulent kinetic energy and spatial particle flow characteristics. Compared with the conventional pneumatic conveying, it is found that the optimum air-velocity and power consumption are reduced by the new self-excited oscillatory flow at lower air-velocities. The numerical results show that the approximately symmetric distribution of axial velocity and the intensive tangential velocity is emerged in the self-excited oscillatory flow at upstream. Particles is efficiently dispersed and suspended by the self-exited oscillatory flow reflecting in the smaller particle variation coefficient and the lager particle suspension coefficient. And since the airflow kinetic energy is utilized more fully to promote particles flowing, the spatial particle axial velocity is accelerated and reached early steady state. As a result, the developed numerical model is further explained the mechanism of energy saving with the self-excited oscillatory flow.     

牵引车在大负荷拖载工况下传动系自激振动建模与仿真研究

通过对货物牵引车在大负荷拖载工况下动力传动系动力学特性分析和简化,建立了动力传动系自激振动力学仿真模型;运用相平面分析法,仿真得到了自激振动的极限环,证实了牵引车在高滑转率工况下,动力传动系会出现自激振动现象;进一步对其产生的机理进行分析,并对动力传动系自激振动的影响因素进行了参数化研究。     

Unification of formulation of moiré fringe spacing in parametric equation and Fourier analysis methods

Inspections of moiré fringe characteristics, such as period and orientation, conventionally are done by two approaches; namely, parametric equation and Fourier analysis methods. In some cases these methods yield different results. This inconsistency is removed by revising the derivation of the indicial equation for moiré fringes by the parametric equation method.     

棒材连轧二级过程控制系统的应用

结合企业信息化建设,阐述了建立二级过程控制系统在轧钢生产中的意义和作用,详细介绍了二级过程控制系统的硬件和软件构成、人机界面及软件功能描述等,并分析了石钢棒材连轧二级过程控制系统在生产管理中的应用特点.     

干摩擦自激振动周期解的同伦方法

针对一类单质体-传输带干摩擦系统,首先对系统平衡点进行稳定性分析,然后利用同伦方法研究系统的纯滑动和粘滞滑动形式的干摩擦自激振动。通过适当选取基函数,定义初始猜测解、辅助线性算子和非线性算子,计算到二阶或三阶近似即可得到精度较高的解析近似解。由于粘-滑极限环的由两个阶段组成,具有非光滑特点,在计算其滑动阶段时,可以允许近似解中出现长期项。     

Advanced analysis of coupled buffeting response of bridges: a complex modal decomposition approach

This paper presents a framework based on a complex modal decomposition technique for predicting coupled buffeting response of bridges in both time and frequency domains. The coupled equations of motion in structural modal coordinates with frequency dependent aeroelastic self-excited terms are approximated by frequency independent state-space equations, without augmented aerodynamic states, which retain the complex modal properties of the original system. These equations are then decomposed into a set of uncoupled equations of motion for buffeting response analysis. The frequency dependent unsteady buffeting characteristics and their spanwise correlation are considered in both frequency and time domain analyses instead of invoking the customary quasi-steady assumption. This framework significantly enhances computational efficiency in the frequency domain analysis by avoiding system matrix inversion at each discretized frequency when evaluating the transfer function matrix. Furthermore, it also offers simulation of buffeting response in the time domain that includes frequency dependence of buffeting and self-excited forces. A detailed discussion concerning the complex modal frequencies, damping ratios, mode shapes, and the significance of structural modes on the multimode coupled buffeting response is provided. This helps to glean additional insight and to improve our understanding of the underlying physics of wind–structure interactions. Examples of long span suspension bridges are provided to illustrate the proposed scheme and to demonstrate its effectiveness.     

反射式光纤电流传感器频率特性计算和测试

建立反射式光纤电流互感器R-FOCT(Reflecting Fiber-optic Current Transducer)的教学模型,得到描写模型的差分方程,推导出与之对应的传递函数,仿真系统的频率特性.根据电流传感器的工作特点,提出应用锁定放大器SR830测试R-FOCT频率特性的方法.比较测试数据和仿真结果,结果表明,系统的带宽计算和测量方法是可信的,得到了系统带宽大于6kHz的结论.     

条件特征函数及其性质

基于测度和积分理论给出了随机变量条件特殊函数的定义并研究条件特征函数的各种性质.首先证明了条件特征函数的有界性、一致性和非负定性,然后给出了条件独立随机变量和的条件特征函数的算法,以及随机变量的各阶条件矩与条件特征函数之间的关系.     

Experimental investigation on the avoidance of self-excited vibrations

Self-excited vibrations are observed in many technical applications. Frictional contacts are often involved in the mechanism which generates vibrations. Reasons for the excitation mechanisms are decreasing friction characteristics depending on the sliding velocity, fluctuating normal loads or different geometrical effects. First, the mechanisms are explained using simple examples. The practical relevance of self-excited, friction-induced vibrations is exemplified with three technical systems: a system with an axial seal; a tread block of a tyre; and a disc brake. The knowledge of the excitation mechanism is necessary to introduce successfully design countermeasures. These measures to avoid self-excited vibrations are important to solve practical problems. They are the main focus of this work. Further, additional passive and active subsystems are described and validated experimentally. Therefore, a large range of design, active and passive solutions are given.     

石英陀螺闭环自激驱动电路(英文)

为使石英陀螺满足高性能、小型化和集成化需求,设计石英陀螺专用集成电路接口芯片势在必行.本文通过分析石英陀螺表头的机电特性,得出方波驱动方式是系统性能和复杂程度的折衷.据此设计了一种闭环自激驱动电路.该电路与石英结构形成反馈环路,从而实现陀螺的自激驱动,并通过自动增益控制电路实现幅值稳定.该电路已用0.5μm CMOS工艺实现,测试结果表明该电路可以实现稳幅稳频的驱动,幅值稳定度0.01%.集成该驱动电路的石英陀螺系统达到战术级性能.