精炼渣碱度对弹簧钢夹杂物的影响研究

为了评价不同精炼渣对弹簧钢中夹杂物数量、组成、尺寸及形态的影响,在EAF→LF→RH→CC工艺流程下,设计了两种不同渣系,通过全氧分析、渣样分析、夹杂物分析等手段评价了两种精炼渣全氧及夹杂物控制水平。研究表明,相对于低碱度渣(1.0),高碱度渣(1.7)有利用钢水脱氧、脱硫,钢水全氧含量更低;不同碱度情况下,钢中夹杂物类型基本相同,主要由MnS、CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3、Al_2O_3-MgO、CaS-MnS、TiS-MnS等夹杂物所组成,低碱度精炼渣钢中MnS与CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3夹杂物数量显著多于高碱度精炼渣;高碱度渣的钢中A类、B类和D类夹杂物控制更好;从夹杂物控制水平考虑,采用碱度1.7的精炼渣更为合适。     

精炼渣控制82B帘线钢中夹杂物形态的实验室研究

在实验室条件下,采用高温钼丝炉对用45钢和重轨钢熔炼成的帘线钢进行脱氧和渣钢平衡试验,研究了精炼渣组分对夹杂物形态的影响。结果表明:在精炼渣碱度为0.8～1.2时,夹杂物中Al2O3含量和钢中Als随精炼渣中Al2O3含量的增加而增加。把精炼渣Al2O3质量分数控制在10%以下时,能够使CaO-SiO2-Al2O3夹杂物处于塑性范围内。因此,在低碱度条件下,通过Si、Mn脱氧和调整精炼渣中Al2O3含量来控制夹杂物的形态是可行的。     

U75V重轨钢生产过程中非金属夹杂物的行为演变

为了研究重轨钢全流程非金属夹杂物的行为演变,进一步控制重轨钢中夹杂物,提高产品质量。以U75V重轨钢为研究对象,通过对LF-VD-CC工艺重轨钢生产全流程系统取样,结合氧氮分析、钢液成分分析、非金属夹杂物分析以及热力学计算,从夹杂物化学成分、数量及尺寸等方面研究其演变过程。结果表明,U75V重轨钢生产全流程氧氮含量持续降低,最终TO、[N]质量分数分别约为0.001 0%和0.004 0%;LF进站主要为MnO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3型夹杂物,为脱氧产物;LF精炼化渣后,MnO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3型夹杂物转化为CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3型夹杂物,BaCaSi和FeSi等合金辅料带入的Ca、Als是产生该结果的主要原因;LF离站时主要为CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-MgO型夹杂物,夹杂物中CaO和MgO含量增加;VD精炼过程CaO-Al_2O_3-MgO型夹杂物基本消失,VD破空至铸坯中主要为CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3型夹杂物;钢轨中镁铝尖晶石类夹杂物比例增加,为CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-MgO型夹杂物,热力学计算结果表明钢轨中尖晶石类夹杂物为降温冷却过程中形成,且计算值与实际值总体吻合。     

精炼渣碱度对304不锈钢夹杂物的影响

结合生产实际,采用定量金相和SEM+EDS统计分析方法,研究了硅脱氧条件下,精炼渣碱度对304奥氏体不锈钢在LF精炼、连铸过程夹杂物变化规律的影响。结果表明:钢水中主要形成球状CaO-Al2O3-SiO2类复合夹杂,适当高的精炼渣碱度有利于钢中细小夹杂物的形成。随精炼渣碱度的提高,复合夹杂物中CaO含量增加,SiO2含量减小,Al2O3含量变化不大。现场条件下,由FeSi合金带入钢中的Al形成的Al2O3对复合夹杂物的塑性变形影响较大。在精炼渣碱度分别为1.0和1.5时,铸坯复合夹杂物中Al2O3质量分数为25%左右,夹杂物的变形能力稍弱。     

150 t BOF-LF-VD-CC流程无铝脱氧工艺高速轨钢冶炼过程的夹杂物行为

时速350 km高速钢轨要求钢中全氧含量T[O]≤20×10^-6,非金属夹杂物B、C、D类≤1.0级。国内在重轨钢冶炼中,通常采用无铝脱氧工艺,即采用SiCaBa合金强化脱氧,形成了低熔点的Mn-Al-Si-Ba-Ca多元型氧化物夹杂,该类夹杂物在精炼中全部排出钢液。研究了铁水预处理脱硫-150 t顶底复吹转炉-LF-VD-280 mm ×380 mm连铸流程冶炼钢轨钢U71MnG时的夹杂物行为,包括无铝脱氧工艺钢轨钢中氧化物夹杂的组成及特征,转炉终点[C]对钢水氧活度的影响以及LF精炼渣碱度和VD后期软吹氩搅拌对钢氧含量和夹杂物的影响。结果得出,钢轨头部的≤20μm氧化物夹杂为精炼时二次脱氧产物,通过控制转炉终点[C]＞0.15%,控制精炼渣碱度(CaO)/(SiO₂)=2.5~3,∑(FeO+MnO)≤1.0%可有效降低钢轨钢中氧化物的数量和尺寸。     

38CrMoAl钢精炼过程夹杂物生成及演变规律

国内某厂冶炼38CrMoAl高铝钢时由于钢中非金属夹杂物超标而导致的钢材质量不达标情况时有发生。该钢的工业试验采用了“转炉(LD)-LF精炼(铝脱氧及合金化、高碱度渣精炼)-RH真空精炼-软吹-连铸”工艺流程。为了更好地去除钢中非金属夹杂物,采用分级分段的取样方法对工业试验进行取样,从而对钢中非金属夹杂物生成原因以及演变规律进行研究。结果表明,采用高碱度渣精炼可以有效降低夹杂物中Al₂O₃的质量分数,使之改性为钙镁铝酸盐夹杂物;RH软吹时夹杂物平均成分落在液相线内。     

超低氧精炼时钙处理对氧化物夹杂的影响

 研究了采用LF精炼顶渣控制技术对钢液进行超低氧冶炼时,钙处理对钢中非金属夹杂物的影响。试验在转炉出钢时采用铝终脱氧,LF精炼过程采用强脱氧、高碱度、强还原性精炼顶渣对钢液进行超低氧冶炼,比较了钙处理和不钙处理的钢液中非金属夹杂物转变的情况。结果表明,采用精炼顶渣控制技术冶炼超低氧钢时,钢液不需要进行钙处理就能实现铝脱氧产物Al2O3→MgO·Al2O3尖晶石→CaO-MgO-Al2O3类复合夹杂物的转变,得到炼钢温度下呈液态的复合氧化物夹杂,这些液态的夹杂物容易通过碰撞长大上浮去除,得到高洁净度的钢液,且残留在钢液的氧化物夹杂为较低熔点的复合氧化物,在浇注过程中不会产生水口结瘤。     

重轨钢脱氧过程中非金属夹杂物生成热力学及工业实践

为了对重轨钢脱氧及夹杂物控制进行热力学研究,结合实际生产以及FactSage热力学软件,分析了U75V重轨钢复合脱氧及相应工艺条件下夹杂物的生成情况。研究结果表明,重轨钢生产过程中,随着脱氧反应的进行以及脱氧平衡的移动,钢中溶解氧含量不断降低,夹杂物成分由SiO_2-MnO向SiO_2-MnO-Al_2O_3及CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-MgO不断转变,最终夹杂物组成为CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-MgO;纯铁液的脱氧热力学和实际钢液存在较大差距。因此,不能采用纯铁液的脱氧热力学指导实际生产,且目前实际钢液的脱氧热力学没有系统化,需要进行深入研究;此外,考虑重轨钢脱氧的同时,必须结合夹杂物控制,须在保证脱氧效果的同时,不影响夹杂物的去除效率且防止生成大尺寸夹杂物。     

SCM435合金冷镦钢夹杂物的研究

利用桶状取样器获取SCM435生产过程VD精炼终点和中包钢水试样,采用ASPEX夹杂物一体化分析仪研究分析钢中夹杂物,结果表明:1)采用高碱度精炼渣系可以实现良好脱氧和控制夹杂物。2)试验炉次VD终点和中包试样中尺寸大于3μm的夹杂物的数量分别为1.40和1.98个/mm2。3)VD精炼终点的夹杂物类型以CaS、CaS-Oxides、Alumina为主,还存在Ca-Al-O和Oxides类型的夹杂物,而中包内的夹杂物则以CaSOxides、CaS为主,几乎没有Al2O3和Ca-Al-O夹杂。     

高速重轨钢中尖晶石夹杂物的形成及控制

 高速重轨钢采用无铝脱氧工艺,但是钢中常发现大颗粒纯的MgO-Al₂O₃夹杂物,严重影响产品质量。为了明确高速重轨钢中尖晶石夹杂物的来源,进一步控制重轨钢中夹杂物,通过对重轨钢拉伸断口进行分析,结合水口结瘤物分析、热力学计算及典型夹杂物分析,系统研究了高速重轨钢中尖晶石夹杂物的形成机理。结果表明,重轨钢中的尖晶石夹杂物分为单独存在的尖晶石和钙铝酸盐包裹的尖晶石两类。其中钙铝酸盐包裹的尖晶石为CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-MgO复合夹杂物在降温冷却过程中析出,析出温度与夹杂物中Al₂O₃和MgO质量分数有关;单独存在的小尺寸尖晶石夹杂物为钢液凝固冷却过程中析出,与钢液成分有关。此外,研究还表明,水口结瘤也是重轨钢中出现大颗粒镁铝尖晶石夹杂物的重要原因之一。因此,严格控制合金辅料中Mg、Al_s等杂质元素质量分数,防止钢液发生二次氧化、降低耐火材料侵蚀等,尽可能降低夹杂物中的Al₂O₃和MgO质量分数,对控制重轨钢中尖晶石夹杂物,提高产品质量至关重要。     

China's Major Non-ferrous Metals Imports & Exports

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Zinc Production by Province in 2014

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80% of Chinese Firms Purchasing Overseas Mines Ended up in the Red

<正>Minmetals Resources acquired the world’s largest copper mine under construction for USD5.85 billion.One after another,listed companies Jien Nickle,China Molybdenum and Chihong Zinc and Germanium raised money to get involved in overseas mining projects…SOEs and private enterprises are engaged in a frenzy of overseas mine purchasing.A reporter with Economic     

Copper Processing Profit Dropped Sharply,Copper Consumption Will Face Impact in the Second Half of the Year

正Judging from China’s copper consumption field,the biggest consumption unit is electric power,which accounts for 47%of total consumption;it is followed by light industry sector,including household electrical appliance,machinery,durable goods and hardware etc,which accounts for 22%of total consumption;followed by transportation field,     

Central Geological Prospecting Fund Newly Added 16.47 Million Tonnes of Bauxite in 2013

正In 2013,the Central Geological Prospecting Fund(CGPF)Project newly discovered 15 ore fields,including 3 large above ore fields,and 5medium sized ore fields.The reporter learned from the recently published"Annual Report of Central Geological Prospecting Fund Project(2013)"that,from 2006 to 2013 the CGPF     

Manufacturers of Copper Tube for Central Air Conditioner Use Face Mounting Pressure in the Final Quarter of the Year

正This year,the investment growth rate of real estate industry continued to slow down,sold area of commercial housing also dropped significantly,which brought huge pressure to the domestic air conditioning manufactures.In the first half of the year,by relying on high growth in national financial expenditure,along with investment in public infrastructure     

Xinjiang Ranks No.1 in Production of Primary Aluminum in China

正Kang Yi,Honorary Chairman of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association,said recently at the Forum on Development of the Non-ferrous Metals Industry in Central and Western China held in Zhengzhou that,as more and more electrolytic aluminum factories in Xinjiang came into operation,the electrolytic aluminum output of Xinjiang had reached2,275,000 tons in the first 7 months this year,     

Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power Completed800,000 t/a Aluminum Project in Xinjiang

正"Xinjiang project has been completed according to schedule,but total completion and total start of production are two different concepts,after completion it still needs a gradual process of reaching production target."On the morning of November 3,Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power told investors the above statement on the investor interaction platform.     

Guangdong Metal Transaction Center has Become the Second Largest Precious Metal Transaction Platform Nationwide

正The reporter learned from Guangdong Province Precious Metal Transaction Center that in 2013the Center maintained healthy development momentum,and had become the second largest precious metal transaction platform in China in terms of market size;currently Guangdong is quickening steps of financial innovation for the Center,aiming to build a transaction center with international core competitiveness.     

Seven Rare Earth Projects Involving Close to 3 Billion Yuan Investment Landed In the HighTech Zone

正On May 22,Baotou Rare Earth Industry Cooperation Consultation MeetingProject Agreement-signing Ceremony was held in Ningbo,nearly 40 enterprises from Ningbo,Guangdong,Hunan,and Shanxi participated in project consultation.After multi-lateral communication,agreements were signed for a total of 7 rare earth projects successfully.