氮元素对20MnSi钢中析出物和组织的影响

采用物理化学定量分析技术,研究钢中氮元素对钒的碳氮化物析出的影响,以及对铁素体组织的影响。增氮对钢的强化,主要通过铁素体中的V(C,N)沉淀析出实现。增加0.014%的氮后,钢中V(C,N)的析出数量提高了72%。     

HRB500E钢中钒的析出行为研究

试验测定了钒在钢中的固溶和析出温度,研究了析出行为的热力学、动力学。结果表明,成分为C:0.25%,V:0.05%,N:0.011%钢中钒在1 040℃左右开始析出,V含量增加,V(C,N)开始析出温度升高,N含量增加,后期析出的VC_xN_(1-x)系数x越小;高温下以富氮形式析出,低温下以富碳形式析出。对比选择了位错线上的形核机制,简化为球形析出物的形核长大模型,以钒的传质为限制性环节,计算表明析出物的长大速率随钒界面浓度的增大而减小,随析出物半径的增大而减小。     

微合金元素V对热塑性的影响

<正>含V、N高的钢的连铸坯容易产生表面横裂纹。钒钢中随氮含量的增加,析出相中碳氮组分会发生明显的变化,低氮情况下,析出相以VC为主,高氮情况下,逐渐转变成以VN为主的析出相,当钢中氮质量分数达到0.02%以上时,在整个析出温度范围,均是析出VN或富氮的V(C,N),颗粒尺寸和间距也明显减小,热塑性降低。V     

钒、氮微合金化钢筋的强化机制

研究了钒、氮微合金化钢筋的强化机理。研究结果表明 ,对 0 .11% V - 85× 10 - 6 N的低氮钢 (钒钢 ) ,约 35 .5 %的钒以 V (C,N)形式析出 ,5 6 .4%的钒固溶在基体中。而在 0 .12 % V- 180× 10 - 6 N的高氮钢中 (钒 -氮钢 ) ,V (C,N)析出量成倍增加 ,约 70 %的钒以 V (C,N)形式析出 ,只有 2 0 %的钒固溶于基体。增氮后 ,V (C,N)析出相的平均尺寸由 10 7nm减小至 73.7nm ,且 1～ 10 nm细小质点的质量比由 2 1.1%提高到 32 .2 %。钢中增氮还细化铁素体晶粒尺寸     

低碳钒氮微合金钢中V(C,N)在奥氏体中的析出动力学

控制VN在奥氏体中的有效析出是利用VN诱导晶内铁素体细化铁素体晶粒的关键技术。采用应力松弛方法研究了低碳钒氮微合金钢中V(C,N)在奥氏体区的等温析出行为。结果表明：试验钢的析出-温度-时间曲线(PTT)呈典型的C形,本试验条件下析出开始时间最短的“鼻子”温度为870℃左右。钢中的碳、氮含量以及变形量对PTT曲线有较大影响,它们增加均使C曲线向左移,特别是氮含量对V(C,N)析出的影响最显著。在碳含量约为0．10％的试验钢中,当氮含量从0．0036％增加到0．0140％时,可使870℃的析出开始时间从400s缩短到70s左右。     

含钒微合金钢的析出行为研究

在Johnson-Mehl-Avrami动力学方程的基础上,建立Fe-C-V-N合金体系中V(C,N)的析出动力学方程,研究了4种氮含量的低碳钒微合金钢(Fe-C0.05-V0.08)中V(C,N)的形核机制及在奥氏体中的析出过程。结果表明:V(C,N)主要形核位置在位错线上,平衡析出的鼻点温度在820℃左右,析出开始时间随氮含量的增大而减小。利用Gleeble-1 500D热力模拟试验机进行了应力松弛试验,根据曲线拟合得到的鼻点温度为850℃,将理论计算与试验值的差异缩小到30℃以内。     

V（C，N）在奥氏体中析出的动力学行为及其对晶粒细化的作用

控制VN在奥氏体中的有效析出是利用VN诱导晶内铁素体细化铁素体晶粒的关键技术。本文采用应力松弛法研究了低碳钒氮微合金钢V（C，N）在奥氏体区的等温析出行为，结果表明，试验钢的析出-温度-时间（PTT）曲线呈典型的“C”形状，本实验条件下析出开始时间最短的“鼻子”温度为870℃左右。增加钢中的碳、氮含量以及形变量等对PTT曲线有较大影响，均使“C”曲线向短时间方向移动，特别是氮含量对V（C，N）析出的影响最显著。V的高温析出促进了铁素体形核，产生了明显的晶粒细化效果。     

表面脱碳对高氮不锈轴承钢中析出相的影响

X30N高氮不锈轴承钢在经过热处理后,材料表面会出现脱碳脱氮层,为研究C、N等局部成分变化对材料中第二相析出的影响,采用10 g/L氯化锂-40 g/L磺基水杨酸-5%(V/V)甘油甲醇溶液,通过电解萃取的方法将析出相从基体中分离,并利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)研究了析出相的结构和形貌,用碳硫分析仪、定氮仪和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)研究了析出相的元素含量。研究结果表明：经过热处理后,试验钢中主要析出相的类型为M₂₃C₆和Cr₂(C,N),脱碳表面以Cr₂(C,N)为主,随着距离脱碳表面深度的增加,M₂₃C₆的衍射谱峰逐渐明显,总析出相的含量逐渐增加,在脱碳表面下0.4 mm时基本达到稳定,C元素含量较脱碳层表面增加了460%,N元素含量较脱碳层表面增加了38.9%,总析出相元素含量较脱碳层表面增加了85.2%。Cr₂(C,N)的形貌为球状颗粒,M₂₃C₆     

Nb-Ti-V-Mo微合金钢中复合碳化物的析出动力学

结合JmatPro热力学软件对Nb-Ti-V-Mo微合金化E460海工钢中多元复合析出相的固溶热力学计算和经典形核长大动力学理论,研究了(Nb,Ti,Mo,V)C在奥氏体和铁素体中沉淀析出规律,探讨了奥氏体形变储能和形变诱导析出量对(Nb,Ti,Mo,V)C沉淀析出动力学的影响。研究表明,(Nb,Ti,Mo,V)C在1 448.6 K时开始析出。在奥氏体相区,随着温度的降低,临界形核功逐渐降低,NrT曲线和PTT曲线呈单调变化趋势。在奥氏体和铁素体两相区,(Nb,Ti,Mo,V)C的最快沉淀析出温度为1 062.6 K。随着形变储能的增加,相对形核率呈增加趋势,析出孕育期缩短。随形变诱导析出量增加,PTT曲线向左移动,最大形核率温度和最快析出温度为1 058.3～1 063.8 K。     

溶质元素对X80管线钢碳氮化物析出行为的影响

为了明晰X80管线钢凝固过程中析出物粒子析出规律。采用Thermo-calc软件对X80管线钢凝固过程中奥氏体、铁素体相转变温度,析出物类型,析出物开始析出温度与析出相最大质量分数进行热力学分析。计算结果表明:X80管线钢凝固过程析出相主要包括MnS相、AlN相、铁素体相及奥氏体相、富钛相碳氮析出相、富铌相碳氮析出相与碳化钒析出相。富钛相碳氮析出相析出温度为1 390℃,质量分数为1.2×10~(-4),析出相随C元素和Nb元素的含量增加而受到抑制。N元素和Ti元素含量增加会促进富钛相碳氮析出相生成,V元素质量分数增量对富钛相碳氮化物无明显规律。富铌相碳氮析出相在1 110℃析出,质量分数为1.3×10~(-3),随C元素和Nb元素的含量增加,促进富铌相碳氮析出相析出。增加N元素与Ti元素含量抑制富铌相碳氮析出相析出,V元素对富铌相碳氮化物无明显影响规律。碳化钒析出相析出温度为596℃,析出相质量分数为4.59×10~(-5),增加C元素和V元素含量利于碳化钒相析出,Nb元素含量增加对碳化钒相起到一定抑制作用。     

The Stimulated Raman Spectrum of Symmetric 13C Cyanogen, 13C2N2

BACKGROUND: The authors examined the interaction of ketamine with recombinant mu, kappa, and delta opioid receptors and recombinant orphan opioid receptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-mu, CHO-kappa, CHO-delta, and CHO(ORL1), respectively). METHODS: CHO-mu, CHO-kappa, and CHO-delta membranes were incubated with the opioid receptor radioligand [3H]diprenorphine at room temperature. Ketamine (racemic, R(-) and S(+)) was included at concentrations covering the clinical range. CHO(ORL1) membranes were incubated with [125I]Tyr(14)nociceptin and racemic ketamine at room temperature. The effects of racemic ketamine and selective opioid receptor agonists (mu: [D-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5] enkephalin (DAMGO); kappa: spiradoline or delta: [D-pen2, D-pen5] enkephalin (DPDPE)) on forskolin-stimulated cyclic adenosine monophosphate formation also were examined. Data are mean +/- SEM. RESULTS: Racemic ketamine increased the radioligand equilibrium dissociation constant for [3H]diprenorphine from 85+/-5 to 273+/-11, 91+/-6 to 154+/-16, and 372+/-15 to 855+/-42 pM in CHO-mu, CHO-kappa, and CHO-delta, respectively. The concentration of radioligand bound at saturation was unaffected. In CHO-mu and CHO-kappa cells, racemic ketamine did not slow the rate of naloxone-induced [3H]diprenorphine dissociation. Ketamine and its isomers also displaced [3H]diprenorphine binding to mu, kappa, and delta receptors in a dose-dependent manner, with pKi values for racemic ketamine of 4.38+/-0.02, 4.55+/-0.04, and 3.57+/-0.02, respectively. S(+)-ketamine was two to three times more potent than R(-)-ketamine at mu and kappa receptors. Racemic ketamine displaced [125I]Tyr(14)nociceptin with an estimated affinity constant of 0.5 mM. Racemic ketamine inhibited the formation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (naloxone insensitive) in a dose-dependent manner (concentration producing 50% inhibition approximately 2 mM) in all cell lines, including untransfected CHO cells. Ketamine (100 microM) reversed DAMGO (mu) and spiradoline (kappa) inhibition of formation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate. CONCLUSIONS: Ketamine interacts stereoselectively with recombinant mu and kappa opioid receptors.     

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的研究

研究了合金组织及其含量、烧结工艺、热等静压等对Ｔｉ（Ｃ,Ｎ）基金属陶瓷性能的影响。氮的加入形态、Ｎ／Ｃ、钼、镍、碳对合金性能都有影响。其中,Ｎ／Ｃ比值影响粘结相、硬质相的晶格常数及钼在粘结相和ＳＳ相的溶解量。当ＴｉＮ质量分数增加到２６％或镍质量分数增加到２５％时产生Ｎｉ３Ｍｏ相,缺碳则出现Ｎｉ３Ｔｉ相。真空烧结温度超过１４５０℃,ＴｉＮ分解,造成合金收缩率下降。热等静压处理后,抗弯强度提高了７０％     

原位合成Fe-V(C,N)复合材料

采用粉末冶金方法原位合成Fe-V(C,N)复合材料.应用SEM和XRD分析了复合材料显微组织和物相结构.发现在1200℃烧结时,活性的碳、氮原子降低了ó-(FeV)相的稳定性,生成了a-Fe相和均匀分布在基体中的V(C,N)颗粒.氮气的存在抑制了原位合成的V(C,N)颗粒在烧结后期的长大,最终V(C,N)颗粒尺寸在O.5～3μm之间,体积分数超过50%.在重负荷干滑动磨损试验中表现出很高的耐磨性.     

Ti(C,N)基硬质合金中的润湿性研究

主要研究(C,N)基硬质合金中不同粘结相Ni-Co、Ni-Co-Mo和Ni-Co-Mo₂C与不同TiN/(TiC+TiN)的硬质相Ti (C,N)之间的润湿性。研究表明,当硬质相中TiN/(TiC+TiN)<0.5时,Ni-Co粘结相是最好的,当TiN/(TiC+TiN)≥0.5时,最适合的粘结相为Ni-Co-Mo₂C,而Ni-Co-Mo不宜作为Ti (C,N)基硬质合金的粘结相。     

稀土对低温固体B-C-N共渗的影响

本文研究了硼－碳－氮－稀土（Ｂ－Ｃ－Ｎ－ＲＥ）共渗工艺及共渗层的组织性能，并与硼－碳－氮（Ｂ－Ｃ－Ｎ）共渗工艺及共渗层的组织性能进行了比较，结果表明，在适当范围内，稀土具有明显的催渗作用；与Ｂ－Ｃ－Ｎ共渗相比，Ｂ－Ｃ－Ｎ－ＲＥ共渗层的耐磨性和耐蚀性明显提高。本文对Ｂ－Ｃ－Ｎ－ＲＥ共渗的机理及稀土元素的作用作了初步的探讨。     

Nb(C,N) Precipitation and Austenite Recrystallization

The influence of boron addition, amount of deformation, and solution heat-treatment temperature on the precipitation and recrystallization behaviors of a family of high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels was studied. A stress relaxation technique was employed to detect the occurrence of austenite recrystallization and to determine the precipitation start(P _s) and finish(P _f) times. After preheating to 1100 °C or 1200 °C for 30 minutes, the specimens were cooled to test temperatures between 800 °C and 1000 °C. They were subsequently deformed to true strains of 5 or 25 pct and subjected to stress relaxation. The advent of recrystallization produced a sharp increase in relaxation rate, while the occurrence of carbonitride precipitation led to the appear- ance of a stress plateau. The results indicate that the presence of boron (1) accelerates carbo- nitride precipitation and (2) retards austenite recrystallization when present in combination with Nb. The precipitation-time-temperature (PTT) diagrams determined in this investigation are C-shaped for both the B-free as well as the B-modified Nb steels. These data were analyzed in terms of the classical theory of nucleation, on the basis of which it is demonstrated that the acceleration of the nucleation kinetics of precipitation can be attributed to the segregation of boron and of boron-vacancy complexes to dislocations and grain boundaries, as well as to the faster diffusion of Nb in the presence of boron.