温州蜜柑皮多酚物质的超声提取及抗氧化特性

利用100kHz的超声波辅助提取温州蜜柑皮中的多酚类物质,并以传统的浸泡提取法作为对照与超声辅助提取法进行比较。结果表明,超声辅助提取法比浸泡提取法在低温条件下能更加快速、有效的提取酚酸。研究超声时间、提取温度、超声能量对酚酸含量及抗氧化能力的影响,发现温度对酚酸含量和稳定性的影响最为敏感,温度的增加能有效的提高酚酸含量,但是,当温度升高到40℃,延长超声时间造成酚酸含量的大幅度下降。此外,研究表明总酚含量和抗氧化能力呈现良好的线性关系,15、30、40℃处理后,相关系数R2依次为0.8435、0.8895、0.8622;在不同的超声能量水平下,R2为0.7971,这说明温州蜜柑皮是抗氧化物的丰富来源。研究表明超声辅助提取能有效的增加温州蜜柑皮提取物的酚酸含量和抗氧化能力,应用超声波技术增强温州蜜柑皮提取物的抗氧化能力具有潜在的优势。     

超声处理对琯溪蜜柚果皮中酚酸含量及抗氧化性的影响

应用超声波强化提取琯溪蜜柚果皮中的酚酸组分,探讨超声因素(超声时间、温度、超声能量)对酚酸含量及抗氧化性的影响。利用高效液相色谱检测琯溪蜜柚果皮中的7种酚酸含量;分别采用福林酚法及铁离子还原力法(FRAP法)对超声提取物的抗氧化性进行评价。结果表明：琯溪蜜柚果皮中芥子酸含量最高,7种酚酸含量均随超声时间和温度的增加而增加,但是在40℃超声处理60min后造成酚酸含量的显著降低,同样超声功率对酚酸含量也有积极的影响。此外,超声时间、温度及超声功率对总酚含量也呈现出显著的影响。超声处理后,总酚与抗氧化能力(TEAC值)有良好的线性关系,在30、40℃的提取温度(分别处理10、20、30、45、60min)和4个超声功率(3.2、8、30、56W)水平下,R2依次为0.8832、0.8874、0.9397,表明琯溪蜜柚皮中提取物的抗氧化性可能与总酚有关,超声处理可以显著提高琯溪蜜柚果皮提取物的抗氧化能力。     

花生壳不同溶剂提取物的总酚含量及抗氧化性的比较研究

分别以水、60%乙醇、纤维素酶＋60%乙醇为提取剂,采用超声辅助提取花生壳中活性成分,研究提取物对DPPH自由基和羟自由基( ·OH)的清除能力,并测定提取物中总酚含量。结果表明：在超声辅助条件下,3种不同提取剂水、60%乙醇、纤维素酶＋60%乙醇的提取物中总酚含量依次为81.22、205.9、370.8mg/100g。3种提取物均具有较强的抗氧化能力,且以纤维素酶＋60%乙醇超声提取物最强,其对DPPH自由基的清除率为88.49%,对 ·OH清除率为 93.65%。花生壳提取物抗氧化能力与其总酚含量成正相关。     

局部超声效应对甜橙皮渣总酚提取及其抗氧化性的影响

通过定位划分超声槽不同位置,系统探讨超声温度、提取时间、超声位置、超声功率对长叶橙皮渣中总酚提取及其抗氧化性的影响。结果表明:随着超声温度的增加、处理时间的延长,长叶橙皮渣中总酚含量显著增加,并在不同的超声位置存在一定差异性,超声温度30℃是提取总酚类物质的理想温度。超声功率对总酚的提取有积极作用。此外,不同超声位置其超声化学效应是不均一的,超声场P5位置是处理长叶橙皮渣总酚的最佳活性区域。超声处理后,总酚含量与其抗氧化性有良好的线性关系,在不同温度水平15,30,40℃(分别超声10,20,30,45,60 min),不同超声位置(P1,P2,P3,P4,P5)和不同超声功率条件下处理,相关系数R2依次是0. 708 3,0. 746 9,0. 718 9,0. 971 2,0. 735 0,其中不同超声位置上处理得到的R2最大,表明选择最佳的超声活性区域能有效提高长叶橙皮渣总酚含量及其抗氧化性。     

黑果枸杞中多酚的体外消化及其抗氧化性研究

以黑果枸杞为原料,研究了化学提取法和体外消化法两种不同提取方式对多酚含量的影响。同时,采用DPPH、FRAP、ABTS和ORAC四种不同方法测定了枸杞提取物的抗氧化性。结果表明,体外消化处理后的总酚和总花色苷含量低于化学提取法,而酚酸含量则高于后者;总体上,化学提取法的抗氧化性高于体外消化法;两种提取方法处理后的总酚和总花色苷与各化学抗氧化值均有较高的线性相关性(R2>0.83)。而体外消化法中,酚酸与各化学抗氧化值的相关性(R2>0.68)明显高于化学提取法(R2>0.03)。      

温州蜜柑、椪柑采后酚类物质及抗氧化活性比较研究

通过研究温州蜜蜂柑、椪柑两个常见柑橘品种贮藏期间类黄酮、酚酸类物质及抗氧化活性的变化规律,评价其采后的营养品质。结果表明：贮藏60d后温州蜜柑较好地保持了抗坏血酸含量,而椪柑损失较大。类黄酮类物质较稳定,温州蜜柑中黄烷酮含量贮藏后有所增加,椪柑中则呈缓慢下降趋势,2种柑橘中酚酸类物质贮藏后都有所增加。总酚含量在贮藏前期呈下降趋势,贮藏后期温州蜜柑中总酚含量增加而在椪柑中进一步下降。抗氧化能力与抗坏血酸的变化趋势类似。与椪柑相比,贮藏期间温州蜜柑能更好地保持果实的营养品质及酚类物质,从而保持较高的抗氧化活性。     

西柚皮多酚提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性

以西柚皮为原料进行多酚的提取,并测定提取物的抗氧化活性。通过单因素试验结合正交试验对西柚皮多酚的超声辅助提取工艺进行优化,利用铁离子还原/抗氧化能力法测定提取物总抗氧化能力,用邻二氮菲法测定羟基自由基清除能力。研究结果表明,西柚皮中多酚的最佳提取工艺条件为提取时间60 min、提取温度60℃、乙醇体积分数40%、料液比1∶50(g/mL),该条件下西柚皮多酚提取率为（19.70±0.12）mg/g。抗氧化试验结果表明,西柚皮多酚总抗氧化能力为（0.86±0.02）μmol/L,羟基自由基清除率为（20.34±0.30）%。     

不同粒径苦荞粉多酚物质分布及其抗氧化性研究

为了研究苦荞种子磨粉后各部分抗氧化物质分布及其活性,将苦荞种子粉碎后依次过40、60、80目筛,得到4种粒径苦荞粉,分别提取各部分苦荞粉中自由酚和结合酚,测定提取物中多酚及黄酮含量,并考查对DPPH.和ABTS˙＋自由基的清除能力。结果表明：60～80目部分总酚含量最高（3 410.21mg GA eq/100g DW）,对DPPH.和ABTS˙＋自由基的清除能力也最高;相关性分析表明,苦荞的总酚含量与对DPPH.自由基的清除能力（R2=0.8514）和ABTS˙＋自由基的清除能力（R2=0.9793）均呈线性相关。     

溶剂和超声波辅助提取温州蜜柑皮β-隐黄素的条件优化

研究了普通溶剂提取和超声波辅助提取方法对温州蜜柑皮β-隐黄素得率的影响,并通过单因素和正交实验确定了超声波辅助提取温州蜜柑皮β-隐黄素的最佳工艺条件:以乙醇作为提取剂,料液比1:17.5,超声时间33min,超声波功率180W,超声温度45℃,超声波浸提次数2次。在此提取条件下β-隐黄素的得率为0.3022‰。     

提取溶剂对青稞提取物总酚、黄酮含量及其抗氧化活性的影响

以3种不同的青稞为原料,采用不同的提取溶剂(水、60%乙醇、60%甲醇、60%丙酮、95%乙醇、100%甲醇、100%丙酮)对青稞进行提取。对各提取物的总酚、总黄酮进行测定,同时采用3种抗氧化方法:二苯代苦味酰自由基(DPPH)、2,2’-联氨-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二胺盐自由基(ABTS)和总抗氧化能力(FARP)评价青稞提取物的抗氧化活性。结果表明,95%乙醇和60%丙酮更有利于青稞多酚的提取。藏青2000的各溶剂提取物的总酚、总黄酮及抗氧化活性普遍高于相应溶剂的循化蓝青稞和香格里拉绿青稞。藏青2000的60%丙酮提取物含有最高的总酚含量,达到211.92mg GAE/100g DW;在60%乙醇提取时具有最高的总黄酮含量,达到60.11mg RT/100g DW;在60%乙醇提取时具有最强的DPPH清除能力,达到80.08%;而用60%丙酮提取时,具有最强的ABTS清除能力和总抗氧化能力,分别达到了1.85,9.28 mmol TEAC/100g DW。总酚含量与抗氧化活性均具有显著的相关性,FRAP法与DPPH、ABTS法具有极显著的相关性。综上表明,青稞富含总酚成分,是一种潜在的天然抗氧化剂资源。     

超声波纤维素酶法提取紫苏叶活性物质及其抗氧化活性

对比了超声波法、纤维素酶法、先超声波后纤维素酶法、先纤维素酶后超声波法以及超声波纤维素酶同步法5 种提取方式对紫苏叶黄酮、多酚、迷迭香酸提取效果的影响并评价了其提取液的抗氧化能力。结果表明,超声波纤维素酶同步法提取紫苏叶可获得最大含量的黄酮、多酚及迷迭香酸,分别为32.74、20.91、2.42 mg/g,其提取液的DPPH自由基清除能力及铁还原能力最强,分别为614.24、3 277.72 μmol Trolox/L。其抗氧化能力与多酚的含量呈显著正相关,多酚含量与铁还原能力及DPPH自由基清除能力相关系数分别为0.878、0.804,均为极显著（P＜0.01）。     

海南柠檬皮多糖的提取工艺及体外抗氧化活性研究

目的 探索柠檬皮中多糖的超声波提取工艺条件和体外抗氧化活性.方法 以海南万宁柠檬皮为原料,通过单因素试验和四因素三水平正交试验研究料液比、超声时间、超声温度、超声功率对柠檬皮多糖提取率的影响,并采用铁离子还原法研究其体外抗氧化活性.结果 最佳提取工艺条件是:料液比1:40(g/ml)、超声时间40 min、超声温度50...     

超声波辅助提取甜橙果皮类胡萝卜素研究

为综合开发柑橘果皮,以甜橙果皮为原料,利用超声波技术提取类胡萝卜素。应用Box-Behnken 正交试验设计,并采用高效液相色谱法分析其对类胡萝卜素组成的影响。结果表明：果皮干燥方式为冻干,粒径100～120 目、料液比1:50(g/mL)、超声功率270W、超声时间7～10min、超声温度30～50℃、提取次数4～5 次,经优化,类胡萝卜素含量范围为0.130～0.150mg/g,含量极值预测值为0.156mg/g,验证值为0.152mg/g。高效液相色谱分析表明在本实验条件下超声提取对类胡萝卜素主要成分没有明显影响。     

Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Justicia spicigera</Emphasis> leaves

A Box–Behnken design (Extraction-time, pulse-cycle, sonication-amplitude) was employed to extract phenolic compounds from Justicia spicigera leaves by ultrasonic-assisted extraction. The muicle leaves extracts were analyzed measuring total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity. According to response surface methodology the optimal conditions of ultrasonic-assisted extraction to obtain the highest soluble phenolic content were 2 min (extraction time) for 0.7 s (pulse cycle) at 55% of sonication amplitude. Under these optimal conditions, the total phenolic content was higher when was used ultrasonic-assisted extraction (54.02 mg/g) than stirring (46.46 mg/g) and thermal decoction (47.76 mg/g); however, the antioxidant capacity from J. spicigera extracts did not increase by ultrasonic-assisted extraction. The extracts or aqueous infusions from J. spicigera leaves are used for therapeutic proposes, therefore the ultrasonic-assisted extraction is a useful technology to improve the extraction of phytochemicals from J. spicigera leaves.     

提取方法对柚皮海绵层不溶性膳食纤维理化性质、功能及结构的影响

以柚皮海绵层为原料,采用酶碱法、复酶法、超声法和超声辅助复酶法提取柚皮海绵层中的不溶性膳食纤维(insoluble dietary fiber,IDF),比较4种提取方法对IDF理化以及功能性质的影响.理化指标显示,超声辅助复酶法提取的IDF的持油性和膨胀性均显著高于其他3种方法(P<0.05);酶碱法提取的IDF的持...     

Volatile aroma components and antioxidant activities of the flavedo peel extract of unripe Shiikuwasha (Citrus depressa Hayata)

The flavedo peel extracts of unripe Shiikuwasha (Citrus depressa Hayata) fruits were extracted using steam distillation (SD) or a cold-press (CP) system. Volatile aroma content and composition were determined using gas chromatography (GC) and each compound was identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS). The major constituents of the extracts were monoterpene hydrocarbons (91.75-93.75%[709.32-809.05 mg/100 g of fresh flavedo peel]) including limonene (43.08-45.13%[341.46-379.81 mg/100 g of fresh flavedo peel]), γ-terpinene (27.88-29.06%[219.90-245.86 mg/100 g of fresh flavedo peel]), and p-cymene (8.13-11.02%[61.47-97.22 mg/100 g of fresh flavedo peel]). The extraction process used was determined to be a decisive factor that affects the composition of key citrus aroma components, as well as the antioxidant activities of the Shiikuwasha fruit. Antioxidant capabilities of the extracts were examined by assay of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity and β-carotene bleaching inhibition. The cold-press extraction system may better retain the total phenolic content of the flavedo peel and display superior antioxidant activities, compared to the steam distillation extraction method. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Shiikuwasha (Citrus depressa Hayata) is a type of small citrus fruit, and has been used as raw material for beverage and food additive productions in Japan. It had a unique aroma composition in which the limonene content of its peels is lower than that of other commonly known citrus peels. The present study detailed the volatile aroma composition, as well as antioxidant capabilities of Shiikuwasha peel extracts of different extraction methods, that are cold-press and steam distillation methods. The results of this study may provide a basis for selection of Shiikuwasha peel extracts in food industry for citrus flavor production.     

Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on the Total Phenolic and Antioxidant Activity of Extracts from Citrus Peel

ABSTRACT: Application of ultrasound to extract a variety of biologically active compounds from plant materials has been widely investigated. However, there are few reports on the local effect of ultrasonic irradiation on the yields of these compounds. In the present article, the local effect of ultrasonic treatment on total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activities (ATT) of extracts from citrus peels was investigated. To optimize the extraction process, a response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the effects of ultrasonic variables including ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time, and extraction temperature on extracts from penggan (Citrus reticulata) peel. The results showed that TPC and ATT increased on increasing ultrasonic time and temperature. The maximum of TPC and ATT by ultrasonic treatment was observed in near ultrasonic irradiation surface, in which ultrasonic power appeared to be positive effect. Furthermore, when the effect of the 3 independent variables was evaluated simultaneously using RSM, the optimal ultrasonic conditions for responses were determined as: 42 to 45 W, 23 to 25 min, 31 to 34 °C. The results presented here emphasized that application of ultrasound should be considered both the optimization of ultrasonic variables and available ultrasonic device.     

Extraction of polyphenols and antioxidants from pomegranate peel using ultrasound: influence of temperature,frequency and operation mode

The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of temperature (40–70 °C), frequency (37 and 80 kHz) and ultrasonic operation mode (normal, pulse and sweep), and their interactions on the recovery of phenolic compounds and antioxidants present in pomegranate peel using ultrasound-assisted extraction. The content of individual phenolic compounds, total phenolic compounds (TPC), antioxidant capacity (AC) and total extract yield (X₀) were analysed. Significant effects were observed between some sources of variation in recovery of individual compounds at TPC and X₀, and no significant effect was observed for AC. The process and conditions studied shown to be interesting to extract antioxidants, since a high antioxidant capacity was verified in the extracts. Temperatures around 50–60 °C, using 37 kHz frequency, and normal or pulse modes were the conditions that provided better yields of phenolic compounds and X₀. Regarding AC, the best condition observed was at 70 °C, 80 kHz frequency and continuous mode.     

超声辅助提取瑭溪蜜柚皮中酚酸的研究

利用20kHz的超声波辅助提取琯溪蜜柚皮中的酚酸,主要研究了超声参数(超声时间、温度、超声功率)对琯溪蜜柚皮中的7种酚酸(咖啡酸、对香豆酸、阿魏酸、芥子酸、原儿茶酸、对羟基苯甲酸、香草酸)和黄酮糖苷(柚皮苷)的影响。结果表明:柚皮苷和酚酸的含量都随着超声时间和温度的增加而增加。超声功率对柚皮苷含量的影响较小,但对7种酚酸有不同程度的影响。确定了超声提取琯溪蜜柚皮中柚皮苷和酚酸的最佳提取条件:柚皮苷,超声30 min、超声温度40℃、超声功率8 W;酚酸,超声30 min、超声温度30℃、超声功率30 W。