Congestion Control for ATM Networks Based on Diagonal Recurent Neural Networks

ＣｏｎｇｅｓｔｉｏｎＣｏｎｔｒｏｌｆｏｒＡＴＭＮｅｔｗｏｒｋｓＢａｓｅｄｏｎＤｉａｇｏｎａｌＲｅｃｕｒｅｎｔＮｅｕｒａｌＮｅｔｗｏｒｋｓＨｕａｎｇＹｕｎｘｉａｎＹａｎＷｅｉ（ＡｉｒＦｏｒｃｅＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＭｅｔｅｏｒｏｌｏｇｙ，Ｎａｎｊｉｎｇ...     

Connection Admission Control in ATM Networks Based on the Foreground and Background Neural Networks

ＣｏｎｎｅｃｔｉｏｎＡｄｍｉｓｓｉｏｎＣｏｎｔｒｏｌｉｎＡＴＭＮｅｔｗｏｒｋｓＢａｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅＦｏｒｅｇｒｏｕｎｄａｎｄＢａｃｋｇｒｏｕｎｄＮｅｕｒａｌＮｅｔｗｏｒｋｓ￥ＭａＸｕｄｏｎｇ；ＬｕｅｅＴｉｎｇｊｉｅａｎｄＬｉａｎｇＸｉｏｎｇｊｉａｎ（...     

有线电视宽带网络常用名词缩语

ＡＣＳ(ＡｒｅａＣｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎＳｙｓｔｅｍ)区域通信系统 　ＡＰＳＳ(ＡｕｔｏｍａｔｉｃＰｒｏｇｒａｍＳｅａｒｃｈＳｙｓｔｅｍ)自动节目搜索系统 　ＡＳＩ(ＡｓｙｎｃｈｒｏｎｏｕｓＳｅｒｉａｌＩｎｔｅｒｆａｃｅ)异步串行接口 ,用于传送码流的一个标准ＤＶＢ接口 　ＡＴＶ(ＡｄｖａｎｃｅｄＴｅｌｅＶｉｓｉｏｎ)先进电视 ,美国数字电视标准 　ＢＣＴ(ＢａｎｄｗｉｄｔｈＣｏｍｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎＴｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅ)带宽压缩技术 　ＢＥＲ(ＢａｓｉｃＥｎｃｏｄｉｎｇＲｕｌｅｓ)基本编码规则 　ＢＦＡ(ＢａｒｅＦｉｂ…     

广播电视、电信机构(组织)常见名称中英文对照

◇ＡｕｓｔｒｉａｌｉａｎＢｒｏａｄｃａｓｔｉｎｇＣｏｍｍｉｓｓｉｏｎ澳大利亚广播委员会◇ＡＢＵ(ＡｓｉａｎＢｒｏａｄｃａｓｔｉｎｇＵｎｉｏｎ)亚洲广播联盟 (亚广联 )◇ＡＥＳ(ＡｕｄｉｏＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇＳｏｃｉｅｔｙ)声频工程协会◇ＡＦＩＰ (ＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎＦｅｄｅｒａｔｉｏｎｆｏｒｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｇ)美国信息处理联合会◇ＡＩＥＥ(ＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＥｌｅｃｔｒｉｃａｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｓ)美国电气工程师协会◇ＡＩＲ(ＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＲ…     

Research on the Passivation Function of Si＿3N＿4 Film to YBCO Superconducting Film

ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎｔｈｅＰａｓｓｉｖａｔｉｏｎＦｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｏｆＳｉ＿３Ｎ＿４ＦｉｌｍｔｏＹＢＣＯＳｕｐｅｒｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｉｎｇＦｉｌｍＺｈａｎｇＹｕｔｉａｎ；ＪｉｎＢｏＡＮＤＱｉａｎＰｉｎｇｋａｉ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＡｐｐｌｉｅｄＳｃｉｅ...     

Theoretical Bounds and Practical Constructions for Families of One－Coincidence Sequences in FHMA

ＴｈｅｏｒｅｔｉｃａｌＢｏｕｎｄｓａｎｄＰｒａｃｔｉｃａｌＣｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｓｆｏｒＦａｍｉｌｉｅｓｏｆＯｎｅ－ＣｏｉｎｃｉｄｅｎｃｅＳｅｑｕｅｎｃｅｓｉｎＦＨＭＡＭｅｉＷｅｎｈｕａ；ＹａｎｇＹｉｘｉａｎ（ＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＡｅｒｏｎａｕｔｉｃａｌ...     

Properties of Measure-based Fuzzy Logic

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＡｓｉｓｋｎｏｗｎ ,ｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｖａｒｉｏｕｓｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｏｆｆｕｚｚｙｌｏｇｉｃ[1～2 ] .ＴｈｅｍｏｓｔｐｏｐｕｌａｒｏｎｅｉｓｂａｓｅｄｏｎＺａｄｅｈ’ｓｆｕｚｚｙｓｅｔｏｐｅｒａｔｏｒｓ.ＴｈｅｒｅａｆｔｅｒｗｅｗｉｌｌｄｅｎｏｔｅｔｈｉｓｓｙｓｔｅｍａｓＺａｄｅｈ’ｓＦｕｚｚｙＬｏｇｉｃ(ＺＦＬ) .Ａｎｅｗｓｙｓ ｔｅｍｗａｓ ｐｒｏｐｏｓｅｄ[3～ 5] ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓｃａｌｌｅｄＭｅａｓｕｒｅ ＢａｓｅｄＦｕｚｚｙＬｏｇｉｃ(ＭＢＦＬ) .Ｉｔｉｓｆｏｕｎｄｅｄｏｎｔ…     

Group Theory Approach for the Stimulated Raman Scattering in Fiber

ＧｒｏｕｐＴｈｅｏｒｙＡｐｐｒｏａｃｈｆｏｒｔｈｅＳｔｉｍｕｌａｔｅｄＲａｍａｎＳｃａｔｔｅｒｉｎｇｉｎＦｉｂｅｒＹａｎｇＢｏｊｕｎＡＮＤＧｕｏＷａｎｗｅｎ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＢａｓｉｃＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，ＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＰ...     

Laser Annealing Modification of Diamond-like Atomic-scale Composite Films Studied by Micro Raman Spectroscopy

ＬａｓｅｒＡｎｎｅａｌｉｎｇＭｏｄｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆＤｉａｍｏｎｄｌｉｋｅＡｔｏｍｉｃｓｃａｌｅＣｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｅＦｉｌｍｓＳｔｕｄｉｅｄｂｙＭｉｃｒｏＲａｍａｎＳｐｅｃｔｒｏｓｃｏｐｙＪ．Ｚ．ＷａｎｇａＦｒｅｄＨ．ＰｏｌａｋａＢ．Ｆ．Ｄｏｒ...     

A New Sequential Detection Based on Hopfield Neural Network in Frequency Selective Fading Channels

ＡＮｅｗＳｅｑｕｅｎｔｉａｌＤｅｔｅｃｔｉｏｎＢａｓｅｄｏｎＨｏｐｆｉｅｌｄＮｅｕｒａｌＮｅｔｗｏｒｋｉｎＦｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙＳｅｌｅｃｔｉｖｅＦａｄｉｎｇＣｈａｎｎｅｌｓＷｅｎｇＪｉａｎｆｅｎｇ；ＢｉＧｕａｎｇｇｕｏ（ＳｏｕｔｈｅａｓｔＵｎｉｖｅｒｓ...     

Effective control of traffic flow in ATM networks using fuzzyexplicit rate marking (FERM)

We describe the fuzzy explicit fate marking (FERM) traffic flow control algorithm for a class of best effort service, known as available bit rate (ABR), proposed by the ATM Forum. FERM is an explicit rate marking scheme in which an explicit rate is calculated at the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switch and sent back to the ABR traffic sources encapsulated within resource management (RM) cells. The flow rate is calculated by the fuzzy congestion control (FCC) module by monitoring the average ABR queue length and its rate of change, then by using a set of linguistic rules. We use simulation to compare the steady-state and transient performance of FERM with EPRCA (a current favourite by the ATM Forum) in the presence of high priority variable bit rate (VBR) video and constant bit rate (CBR) in both a local-area network (LAN) and a wide-area network (WAN) environment. Our experiments show that FERM exhibits a robust behavior, even under extreme network loading conditions, and ensures fair share of the bandwidth for all virtual channels (VCs) regardless of the number of hops they traverse. Additionally, FERM controls congestion substantially better than EPRCA, offers faster transient response, leads to lower end-to-end delay and better network utilization     

Design and evaluation of an efficient traffic control scheme for integrated voice,video, and data over asynchronous transfer mode networks: Explicit allowed rate algorithm

Asychronous transfer mode (ATM) networks are high‐speed networks with guaranteed quality of service. The main cause of congestion in ATM networks is over utilization of physical bandwidth. Unlike constant bit‐rate (CBR) traffic, the bandwidth reserved by variable bit‐rate (VBR) traffic is not fully utilized at all instances. Hence, this unused bandwidth is allocated to available bit‐rate (ABR) traffic. As the bandwidth used by VBR traffic changes, available bandwidth for ABR traffic varies; i.e., available bandwidth for ABR traffic is inversely proportional to the bandwidth used by the VBR traffic. Based on this fact, a rate‐based congestion control algorithm, Explicit Allowed Rate Algorithm (EARA), is presented in this paper. EARA is compared with Proportional Rate Control Algorithm (PRCA) and Explicit Rate Indication Congestion Avoidance Algorithm (ERICA), in both LAN and WAN environments. Simulations of all three algorithms are conducted under both congestion and fairness configurations with simultaneous generation of CBR, rt‐VBR, nrt‐VBR and ABR traffic. The results show that, with very small over‐head on the switch, EARA significantly decreases the required buffer space and improves the network throughput. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种无线ATM网络的MAC协议

主要研究了无线ATM网络对MAC的需求，并介绍了适用于无线ATM的一种新的MAC方案。该协议支持不同类型信息传输，比如恒定比特率（CBR），可变比特率（VBR），可用比特率（ABR），未指定比特率（UBR）。另外此协议还提供了对宽带ATM主干网的无缝连接。同时也支持与ATM相关的QoS级别。对于该协议关注的各种情况的主要原理进行了讨论。     

Evaluation of congestion control protocols for ABR traffic over ATM networks

Congestion control is very important for effective and stable operation of ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) networks. Owing to the bursty and unpredictable characteristic of data network traffic, its congestion control is particularly a challenge for network researchers and designers. The ATM Forum has recently adopted rate‐based congestion control for ABR (Available Bit‐Rate) traffic which is the service class defined for data network applications. However, there is a number of congestion control schemes prevalent. ATM Forum has decided not to specify switch behaviour for ABR traffic; this has further introduced additional ambiguity. Consequently, an evaluation and comparison of the existing protocols would provide valuable guidance for network designers and engineers; it would also give insight for researchers to explore the essence of different congestion control schemes. In the first part of this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of ABR congestion control in the presence of bursty source traffic and the relationship between the burst time scale and the ABR control time scale. Two ABR congestion control schemes, the ABR Explicit Forward Congestion Indication (EFCI) and ABR Congestion Indication (CI) schemes, are compared with Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) transport which makes no effort to control congestion. Traffic sources of various burst lengths of 100, 1000, 10000, and an equal mix of 100 and 10000 ATM cells are used in simulations. It is found that ABR congestion control schemes effectively control low frequency, medium to long‐term traffic load transients. This is further supported by the result of integrating TCP over ATM congestion control schemes included in the paper. ABR control schemes do not control high frequency, short‐term load transients well, but ABR control is not necessary in such cases since short‐term transients do not require a large amount of buffering. In the second part of this paper, we evaluate and compare six rate‐based congestion control protocols including Scheme I: EFCI, Scheme II: EFCI with separate RM queues, Scheme III: CI, Scheme IV: CI with separate RM queues, Scheme V: the CAPC2 ER (Explicit Rate), and Scheme VI: the EFCI with utilization‐based congestion indication. Each scheme is simulated and compared in the LAN, WAN, and GFC (General Fairness Configuration) environments specified by the ATM Forum. Effects of varying VC (Virtual Circuits) number and changing endsystem–switch distance has been investigated. Their fairness is also compared using the GFC configuration. We have found that ER control scheme performs significantly better than the other five binary control schemes by its faster response to congestion, smoother regulation of bit‐rates, lower queueing delay, shorter buffer queue length, and fairness. Among the other five schemes, the CI scheme performs better than the EFCI scheme. Providing separate RM queues has significantly improved the EFCI scheme in the WAN environment, but has little effect on the CI scheme. Link utilization‐based congestion detection has suffered from either low utilization or an excess cell loss which is unacceptable in most data applications. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The available bit rate service for data in ATM networks

The authors describe the purpose of the available bit rate (ABR) service in the context of other ATM services and review the agreements on the traffic control mechanism. They describe the recent progress towards standardization of the new service. The general nature of the ABR service is described in comparison with constant bit rate (CBR) and variable bit rate (VBR) services     

Dynamic reservation TDMA protocol for wireless ATM networks

A dynamic reservation time division multiple access (DR-TDMA) control protocol that extends the capabilities of asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks over the wireless channel is proposed in this paper. DR-TDMA combines the advantages of distributed access and centralized control for transporting constant bit rate (CBR), variable bit rate (VBR), and available bit rate (ABR) traffic efficiently over a wireless channel. The contention slots access for reservation requests is governed by the framed pseudo-Bayesian priority (FPBP) Aloha protocol that provides different access priorities to the control packets in order to improve the quality-of-service (QoS) offered to time sensitive connections. DR-TDMA also features a novel integrated resource allocation algorithm that efficiently schedules terminals' reserved access to the wireless ATM channel by considering their requested bandwidth and QoS. Integration of CBR, voice, VBR, data, and control traffic over the wireless ATM channel using the proposed DR-TDMA protocol is considered in this paper. Simulation results are presented to show that the protocol respects the required QoS of each traffic category while providing a highly efficient utilization of approximately 96% for the wireless ATM channel     

QoS and multipoint support for multimedia applications over the ATMABR service

Multimedia applications with stringent delay requirements are usually supported by the constant bit rate (CBR) or real-time variable bit rate (rt-VBR) service categories of ATM. This article shows that the available bit rate (ABR) service, which was originally designed for data, can also support multimedia applications under certain circumstances. Issues related to the design of proper ABR traffic management algorithms for such support are presented     

Measured average cell rate‐based congestion avoidance scheme

Techniques for congestion control of available bit‐rate (ABR) traffic in ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) networks remain an important issue. Several congestion control schemes have been proposed to adjust the cell rates of sources with a modified or mean allowed cell rate. To make these schemes work effectively in practice, the modified or mean allowed cell rate must converge under all conditions. However, it is not easy to obtain an accurate value, and an inaccurate value could result in network performance degradation such as severe oscillations and considerable unfairness. Therefore, we propose a measured average cell rate‐based congestion avoidance for ABR traffic in ATM networks. The scheme has high throughput and achieves shorter queue lengths without congestion. With measured average cell rate, the scheme provides fast convergence to a start‐up virtual connection (VC) and rate of equalization from different initial conditions of the sources. Thus, this scheme provides better fairness among connections. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于星上处理的卫星ATM中ABR 业务拥塞控制算法研究

卫星ATM是近年来通信领域的研究热点,拥塞控制是其中很关键的一个问题.本文主要研究基于星上处理的卫星ATM网的ABR流量控制,它通过对流量的长时预测来达到控制目的.由于卫星信道的大延时,无法实现精确的长时预测,因而将预测结果直接用于ABR的拥塞控制效果不甚理想.将长时预测同动态利用因子控制的方法结合之后,在链路效率、信元丢失率、不同连接数目和暂态响应等方面都取得很好的结果.     

ATM网络中ABR业务的开环控制机制

ＡＴＭ网络中ＡＢＲ业务的流量控制是ＡＴＭ论坛的流量管理规范（ＴＭ４．０）中没有完全解决的问题,ＡＢＲ基于速率的闭环控制方案在最大－最小准则下获得了一定进展。但在拥塞发生在信源外或对突发性业务进行控制的情况下,添加开环控制的ＡＢＲ拥塞控制可以获得比闭环控制更佳的作用。研究了ＡＢＲ的开环控制方案,早期的ＵＩＬＩ机制本身存在在一定的问题,在交换机处采用基于计数的ＵＩＬＩ机制能够取得较好的效果。