五轴高速高精加工的新型插补算法的研究

传统CNC系统提供的直线和圆弧插补功能不能满足曲线和曲面造型的加工要求.本文针对当前五轴高速高精加工复杂轮廓零件的需求,设计一种新型的四元数-五次样条插补算法.具有该插补功能的CNC系统在进行加工时,不仅缩短了程序处理时间,而且改善了速度、加速度和有限加加速度的平滑程度.将算法在MATLAB中进行仿真实验,实验结果证明了该算法的可行性和可靠性.     

复杂曲面笔式加工的直接插补算法

复杂曲面笔式加工时的工具轨迹是位于曲面上的自由曲线轨迹．针对此类形式的轨迹，给出一种复杂曲面笔式加工时的自由曲线型刀轨的直接插补算法，即对位于曲面上以投影方式形成的任意自由曲线形式的刀轨进行插补计算，生成控制机床运动的指令．该方法的实现扩充了CNC系统的轨迹控制功能，提高了复杂曲面的加工效率．仿真和试切的结果证明算法可行而且有效．该算法也可以应用到整体曲面加工中．     

基于STEP-NC的CNC系统中NURBS插补技术研究

STEP-NC是一个用来实现CAD/CAM与CNC系统间数据交换的接口标准,基于STEP-NC的CNC系统是未来数控技术发展方向之一,该系统不但具有直线和圆弧插补功能,而且还具有样条曲线插补功能。为此设计了一个统一的基于NURBS样条曲线插补的通用插补器,并开发了一种基于等弧长的插补技术和插补算法。最后通过仿真和实例加工验证了该算法的有效性和可靠性。     

通用RTCP算法的研究与设计

由于旋转运动的影响,五轴加工时会产生非线性运动误差.RTCP(旋转刀具中心点)功能可使数控系统自动对控制轴进行实时线性补偿,从而保证插补点始终位于编程轨迹上.在深入分析五轴机床运动结构的基础上,设计一种集成了RTCP功能的插补算法,并给出了算法的理论误差分析以及仿真实验结果.实验结果表明该算法可以有效减小非线性误差,且简单易行,还能充分满足实时性要求,可广泛应用于现代CNC系统中.     

数控系统中的NURBS曲线插补技术

本文详细介绍数控系统的NURBS（Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline）曲线插补技术.首先给出数控插补原理和曲线插补算法基础,进而讨论比较了传统的CNC（Computerized Numerical Control）机床加工方法和采用了NURBS曲线插补技术的加工方法,说明了后者的优越性.     

数控系统连续微段重构与插补算法

针对目前微段加工所采用的非重构微段加工方法中存在的因加工轨迹与设计曲线轮廓误差较大而产生的轮廓加工精度较低的问题,及因微段节点处速度方向不连续而导致的加工表面质量不高、加工过程机床振动较大的问题,在计算机数控(computerized numerical control,CNC)中采用实时曲线重构与插补算法进行连续微段加工以实现对复杂曲面的高速高精度加工.微段插补技术包括样条曲线的实时重构及递推插补算法,及建立满足插补过程中加减速要求的且可以直接递推的插补样条曲线的重构条件.应用微段曲线重构技术进行的样件数控加工实验中,在保证曲线轮廓加工精度达到微米级精度的同时,加工速度提高了2～2.4倍.实验结果表明,实时曲线重构微段加工不仅可以实现在重构曲线的范围内只进行一次整体加减速的速度规划,提高加工效率,而且加工轨迹的进给速率的衔接平滑、轨迹光滑、表面质量好,并且利用重构的可以直接递推插补的样条曲线,有效解决了复杂算法加工过程中精度与运算速度的矛盾,提高了加工精度.     

一种新型圆弧插补算法

在现代计算机数控(CNC)系统中,插补算法大都采用计算机的程序软件来实现.目前应用最普遍的插补算法有基准脉冲法和数据采样法.     

数控系统连续微段重构与插补算法研究

针对目前微段加工研究中采用的非重构微段加工方法存在的加工轨迹与设计曲线轮廓误差较大,轮廓加工精度较低,及微段节点处速度方向不连续,因此加工表面质量不高,加工过程机床振动较大的问题。在计算机数控（Computerized Numerical Control,CNC）中采用实时曲线重构与插补算法进行连续微段加工以实现对曲面的高速高精度加工。微段插补技术包括样条曲线的实时重构及递推插补算法,及建立满足加减速要求的可以直接递推的插补样条曲线的重构条件。应用微段曲线重构技术进行的样件数控加工实验中,在保证曲线轮廓加工精度达到um级精度的同时,加工速度提高了2~2.4倍。实验结果表明,实时曲线重构微段加工不仅可以实现在重构曲线的范围内进行整体加减速速度规划,提高加工效率,而且加工轨迹的进给速度的衔接平滑,轨迹光滑,表面质量好,并且利用重构的可以直接递推插补的样条曲线,有效解决了平衡了复杂算法加工过程中精度与运算速度的矛盾,提高了加工精度。     

六自由度喷涂机器人插补算法的研究

在分析喷涂机器人运动控制系统架构的基础上,提出基于可编程多轴控制器PMAC(Programmable Multi-Axis Controller)的开放式运动控制系统的喷涂机器人轨迹插补算法.主要研究在笛卡儿空间规划中直线和圆弧的插补算法.同时,介绍在vs.net平台上,基于组件技术实现轨迹插补算法,并进行仿真.仿真结果表明本文研究的插补算法满足工业要求.     

四元数球面Bézier样条插补算法的研究

为了简化五轴CNC数控系统中的刀具定向运动的编程工作,提出一种基于四元数球面Bézier样条插补算法.该算法根据建立的刀具运动的空间数学模型,实时插补计算出刀具路径点和刀具定向矢量.实验结果表明,该算法不仅保证了刀具平移运动和旋转运动的同步协调性,而且有效的提高了加工精度,满足了五轴高速高精的加工要求.     

Quart-parametric interpolations for intersecting paths

The intersecting path is an important tool path generation method. This paper proposes an approach for the quart-parametric interpolation of intersecting paths. The objective of our approach is that the intersecting paths for surface machining can be directly interpolated within the computer numerical control (CNC) system. This enables the CNC interpolator to process the intersecting paths without geometric approximation as in existing approaches and take into consideration any specific feedrate profiles and further machining dynamical issues along the path.The interpolation of the intersection of two general parametric surfaces is transferred into interpolation of its projection curves and the time trajectories of four parameters along the intersecting curves are obtained. Our strategy is to carry out the quart-parametric interpolation based on the projection interpolation. The feedrate control method is developed, and then the interpolation algorithms for two projection curves are proposed. An error reduction scheme is presented to alleviate point deviation from the drive parametric surface. Simulations of quart-parametric interpolation have been carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

An adaptive real-time NURBS curve interpolation for 4-axis polishing machine tool

The non-uniform rational B-spine (NURBS) curve interpolation is a key technology of the advanced computer numerical control (CNC) system. NURBS curve interpolation can realize a high-speed and high-precision machining, and it can also avoid some inevitable deficiencies of the linear and circular interpolation functions which are generally used in traditional NC system. Before the interpolation, some calculation tasks are finished, which will decrease the amount of calculation during interpolation and increase the interpolation efficiency. Further, an adaptive NURBS curve interpolation with real-time and flexible S-shaped curve acceleration/deceleration (ACC/DEC) control method is added to the interpolation algorithms. The NC machining simulation conducted with the MATLAB software and the NURBS curve interpolation experiments performed on the 4-axis polishing machine tool demonstrate the validity and correctness of the adaptive real-time NURBS curve interpolation algorithm in the CNC system.     

五轴联动数控加工中的微小程序段插补方法

针对五轴联动数控系统在加工微小程序段时频繁启动/停止导致机床产生剧烈振动的问题,提出一种五坐标微小程序段插补方法.该方法能够对多个微小程序段进行统一加减速处理,在保证加工精度的同时,实现对微小程序段的连续加工.五轴联动数控系统上的仿真实验结果表明该方法减少了加工微小程序段时的加减速频率,提高了加工速度.     

FPGA-based hardware CNC interpolator of Bezier,splines, B-splines and NURBS curves for industrial applications

Tool path interpolation is an important part of Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) systems because it is related to the machining accuracy, tool-motion smoothness and overall efficiency. The use of parametric curves to generate tool-motion trajectories on a workpiece for high accuracy machining has become a standard data format that is used for CAD/CAM (Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing) and CNC systems. Splines, Bezier, B-splines, and NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-splines) curves are the common parametric technique used for tool path design. However, the reported works bring out the high computational load required for this type of interpolation, and then at best only one interpolation algorithm is implemented. The contribution of this paper is the development of a hardware processing unit based on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) for industrial CNC machines, which is capable of implementing the four main interpolation techniques. It allows the selection of the required interpolation technique according the application. Two CAD models are designed for test the CNC interpolations; experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed methodology.     

CNC插补算法的VHDL建模设计与实现

数控机床加工的零件轮廓一般都可以用直线或圆弧去逼近。插补计算是数控系统根据输入的基本数据,描述工件轮廓的一种技术。文章针对硬件电路实现插补运算柔性差和精度低的缺陷,探索了一种以软IP实现插补运算的思路。并以较常用的逐点比较插补算法为例详细讨论了整个VHDL建模过程,作了比较全面的时序分析。最后在EDA6000实验开发平台验证了方案的可行性。该软IP插补具有升级容易、成本低廉的优点。     

空间曲线的六轴联动控制算法研究与测试

针对六坐标空间的复杂曲线的加工,提出六轴联动的控制算法。根据六轴之间的运动关系,合成其进给速度,由之推导出插补变量值,得出相应的六轴插补坐标值,实现动点的稳速控制。采用该控制算法在自主研制的六轴嵌入式数控工具磨削系统中进行锥刃磨削的多轴联动插补测试,根据锥刃铣刀的数学模型得出插补算式。仿真与实际磨削测试表明,该六轴联动控制算法切实高效,实现复杂曲线的六轴联动控制,进给的合成速度控制恒定,能确保高质量加工。     

An accurate adaptive NURBS curve interpolator with real-time flexible acceleration/deceleration control

Parametric interpolation has been widely used in CNC machining because of its advantages over the traditional linear or circular interpolation. Many researchers focused on this field and have made great progress in the specific one, NURBS curve interpolation. These works greatly improved the CNC machining with constant feedrate, confined chord error and limited acceleration/deceleration. However, during CNC machining process, mechanical shocks to machine tool caused by the undesired acceleration/deceleration profile will dramatically deteriorate the surface accuracy and quality of the machined parts. This is, in most occasions, very harmful to machine tools. In this paper, an accurate adaptive NURBS curve interpolator is proposed with consideration of acceleration–deceleration control. The proposed design effectively reduces the machining shocks by constraining the machine tool jerk dynamically. Meanwhile, the constant feedrate is maintained during most time of machining process, and thus high accuracy is achieved while the feedrate profile is greatly smoothed. In order to deal with the sudden change of the acceleration/deceleration around the corner with large curvature, a real-time flexible acceleration/deceleration control scheme is introduced to adjust the feedrate correspondingly. Case study has been taken to verify the feasibility and advantages of the proposed design.