不同聚乙二醇相对分子质量的聚碳酸酯聚氨酯的防水透湿性

采用不同相对分子质量的聚乙二醇(PEG)分别与聚碳酸酯二元醇(PCDL)、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)反应,合成了一系列聚碳酸酯聚氨酯(PU)。通过差示扫描量热分析、红外光谱分析、原子力显微镜分析等研究了不同相对分子质量的PEG对聚碳酸酯聚氨酯的形态结构和防水透湿性的影响。研究结果表明,分子链中引入PEG后,PU软段的Tg逐渐下降,且PU软硬段均不结晶。随着PEG相对分子质量的提高,PU微相分离程度先减小后增大,PU的亲水性提高,透气性先减小后增大。     

纳米两性聚乙烯铵-丙烯酸钠膜的制备与表征

为研究一种新型两性聚电解质渗透汽化膜分离材料,利用沸腾、高速搅拌的无皂乳液聚合法合成纳米聚丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸,经Hoffman降解制备纳米聚乙烯铵-丙烯酸钠。利用红外光谱、扫描电镜和激光粒度分析仪对纳米聚乙烯铵-丙烯酸钠进行结构表征,测试不同pH值时聚乙烯铵-丙烯酸钠膜的耐水性。对不同浓度、不同有机物-水体系中的溶胀度和吸水速率进行测试。结果表明:聚乙烯铵-丙烯酸钠粒径在24 nm左右、pH≈5(接近等电点)时,聚乙烯铵-丙烯酸钠膜的耐水性最好,适合乙醇、丙酮中水的分离。     

表面疏水修饰增强改性硅藻土调湿性能及其对聚氨酯膜透湿性的影响

水性聚氨酯(PU)是一种环保绿色的涂层材料,广泛应用于皮革、纺织、建筑涂层等领域。作为皮革、纺织涂层时,聚氨酯的透湿性决定服装的穿着舒适性,而常规水性聚氨酯的透湿性较差,需要对其进行改性获得透湿性优异的涂层。本文采用CaCl₂和十七氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷(FAS-17)对硅藻土进行改性,研究了改性条件对硅藻土结构和性能的影响,将调湿性能较好的改性硅藻土(FAS-17-CaCl₂-D)与PU复合,研究复合膜的透湿性。结果表明：采用质量浓度为30wt%CaCl₂和0.8wt%FAS-17改性的硅藻土综合性能最好,改性后硅藻土的比表面积、孔隙结构增大,调湿性能提高,FAS-17表面疏水修饰进一步强化了其调湿作用。将性能最好的FAS-17-CaCl₂-D与PU复合后,FAS-17-CaCl₂-D/PU透湿性随着FAS-17-CaCl₂-D用量的增加先增大后减小,复合膜的疏水性提高。1%FAS-17-CaCl₂-D与PU复合制备的复合膜透湿率最大,...     

Deposition and characterization of a novel integrated ZnO nanorods/thin film structure

One-dimensional (1-D) ZnO (zinc oxide) nanostructures have received a lot of attention due to their superior properties. Various techniques have been developed to synthesize ZnO nanorods at high-temperature process using vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) mechanism. In this paper, we report a novel process to synthesize integrated ZnO nanorods/thin film structures using an RF magnetron sputter deposition under different deposition parameters and substrate conditions. The substrate used was glass plated with electroless Cu prepared using various conditions. The resulting specimens are analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The effect of the copper surface roughness was found to be significant. ZnO nanorods were found only when the copper layer is rough enough. The roughness of the copper in general increases with the plating time and/or the ratio of V_HCHO/V_Cu used in the plating bath. Post-plating annealing of the copper was also found to increase the surface roughness of the copper.     

Study on structure and performance of polycarbonate urethane synthesized via different copolymerization methods

Polycarbonate urethane (PCU) was synthesized using polycarbonate diol (PCN), 1, 4-butanediol (BD), and 4,4′-methylene bis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI) as starting materials by both the melting one-shot method and the solution pre-copolymerization method, respectively. It was then characterized by Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), tensile test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The results show that the tensile strength increases as the content of the hard segment increases. The decomposition upon heating was observed in two stages i.e. decompositions of hard and soft segments. There is an obvious soft–hard glass transition temperature area, which proves the existence of the micro-phase separation structure. The micro-separation phenomenon becomes more obvious as the content of the hard segment increases. The maximal distance of the hard segment micro-domain is estimated to be 2.932 nm from SAXS results. The PCU synthesized via the solution pre-copolymerization method has better mechanical performance and micro-phase separation structure.     

Grafting of phosphorylcholine functional groups on polycarbonate urethane surface for resisting platelet adhesion

In order to improve the resistance of platelet adhesion on material surface, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) was grafted onto polycarbonate urethane (PCU) surface via Michael reaction to create biomimetic structure. After introducing primary amine groups via coupling tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (TAEA) onto the polymer surface, the double bond of MPC reacted with the amino group to obtain MPC modified PCU. The modified surface was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results verified that MPC was grafted onto PCU surface by Michael reaction method. The MPC grafted PCU surface had a low water contact angle and a high water uptake. This means that the hydrophilic PC functional groups improved the surface hydrophilicity significantly. In addition, surface morphology of MPC grafted PCU film was imaged by atomic force microscope (AFM). The results showed that the grafted surface was rougher than the blank PCU surface. In addition, platelet adhesion study was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation. The PCU films after treated with platelet-rich plasma demonstrated that much fewer platelets adhered to the MPC-grafted PCU surface than to the blank PCU surface. The antithrombogenicity of the MPC-grafted PCU surface was determined by the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). The result suggested that the MPC modified PCU may have potential application as biomaterials in blood-contacting and some subcutaneously implanted devices.     

Model for the deposition of a liquid film onto a solid surface

We consider the deposition of a film onto a thin tape drawn from a liquid bath. We obtain the dependence of the thickness of the film of liquid on the physical and regime parameters.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 53, No. 1, pp. 26–31, July, 1987.     

A novel urethane containing copolymer as a surface modification additive for blood contact materials

Surface modification to develop a biomolecules-presenting surface is of interest, both from a scientific and an industrial point of view. In this research, a penta-block-coupling polymer of warfarin–PEO–MDI–PEO–warfarin was specially designed as the surface modifying additive (SMA). The warfarin-modified polyurethane surfaces were then prepared by dip-coating method. Attenuated total reflection fourier transform infra-red (ATR-FTIR) spectra revealed that the urethane segments in the SMA could penetrate into the hard block of segmented polyurethane (SPU) via intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicated that the intermolecular hydrogen bonds were strong enough to form stable warfarin-PEO composite surfaces in an aqueous environment. Fibrinogen and albumin adsorption onto unmodified and SMA-modified SPU was investigated by the ¹²⁵I-labeled method. The surface for attracting and reversibly binding albumin, which was proved to suppress the platelet adhesion and prolong the clotting time, has been developed by the simple coating of the novel SMA in SPU.     

A novel anisotropic conducting thin film having a conducting and insulating layered structure

Electrochemical polymerization of Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers of amphiphilic pyrrole derivatives resulted in novel anisotropic conducting thin films (T. Iyoda, M. Ando, T. Kaneko, A. Ohtani, T. Shimidzu and K. Honda, Tetrahedron Lett., 27 (1986) 5633). They have an alternating layered structure of a conducting polypyrrole layer and an insulating alkyl chain layer. This paper deals with their syntheses, characterizations and functionalities.     

压电陶瓷表面硅钙复合膜的制备与表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了硅钙复合溶胶，并在压电陶瓷表面制备硅钙复合膜，以改善水泥基压电陶瓷复合材料界面。确定了溶胶配比，研究了陈化、低温热处理和硅烷偶联剂对覆硅钙复合膜压电陶瓷接触角、压电和介电性能的影响。结果表明，硅钙复合溶胶中Ca与Si摩尔比>0.2时不利于成膜；提高陈化温度和延长陈化时间可明显减小硅钙复合膜的接触角；硅钙复合膜层数最佳为3层，烧结温度不大于160℃；加入微量硅烷偶联剂可有效改善膜层开裂。制备的硅钙复合膜接触角最小为27°，亲水性好。      

Crystal structure and characterization of a novel organic crystal: 4-Dimethylaminobenzophenone

Single crystals of a novel organic material, dimethylaminobenzophenone were grown from aqueous solution employing the technique of controlled evaporation. Dimethylaminobenzophenone belongs to the monoclinic system, with a = 12.5755(7) Å, b = 7.9749(4) Å, c = 13.0946(7) Å, α = 90°, β = 111.6380(10)° and γ = 90°. Fourier transform infrared study has been performed to identify the functional groups. The transmittance of dimethylaminobenzophenone has been used to calculate the refractive index n; the extinction coefficient K and both the real ?_r and imaginary ?_i components of the dielectric constant as functions of photon energy. The optical band gap of dimethylaminobenzophenone is 2.9 eV. The structural prefection of the grown crystals has been analyzed by high-resolution X-ray diffraction rocking curve measurements. Thermo gravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis have also been carried out, and the thermal behavior of dimethylaminobenzophenone crystal has been studied. The dielectric properties and mechanical properties have been investigated.     

聚氯代对二甲苯薄膜表面用紫外光固化漆的制备与表征

采用化学气相沉积聚合制备的聚氯代对二甲苯膜(简称PC膜)具有优异的阻隔性能,在多个行业得到广泛的应用。但其耐冲击性能较差,影响了其在某些领域的应用。通过在其表面涂覆柔韧性好的材料以提高其耐冲击性能是一种可选的改进方案。针对PC膜保护研制了一种紫外光固化漆并对其相关性能进行了表征。结果表明,研制的漆膜具有优异的附着力(0级)、柔韧性、耐酸碱性,漆膜对PC膜断裂伸长率和耐冲击强度都有显著提高;固化漆膜不降低PC膜对水蒸气的阻隔性能,而复合膜对空气和氢气阻隔性能有所增强。