基于循环谱的多循环频率加权合作频谱检测

在接入主用户授权频段之前,认知用户需要检测该频段是否处于空闲状态,以免干扰主用户通信.利用主用户信号和噪声的不同谱相关特性,研究了基于循环谱的频谱检测方法.将主用户非零循环频率上的接收信号循环谱幅度作为检测统计量,给出了判决准则和检测方法.利用主用户信号在不同循环频率下不同程度的循环平稳特征,多个循环频率之间通过加权迭代合作来提高检测结果的可信度;并通过蒙特卡罗仿真方法验证该方法的可行性.仿真结果表明:加权迭代合作可有效实现频谱检测,且检测性能优于等权合作检测;通过合理选择信号采样点数、循环频率个数、迭代次数进行合作检测既可有效提高检测概率,又能保证检测灵敏度.     

非高斯噪声下多循环平稳特征频谱检测

研究非高斯噪声下基于循环平稳特征的主用户检测问题。结合主用户信号的多循环平稳特征,通过求和准则和最大准则对多个循环频率的谱相关函数进行整合,提高检测结果的可信度。在等权求和准则的基础上,利用不同循环频率处不同程度的循环平稳特征,提出一种基于谱相关函数的加权求和准则。仿真结果表明,多循环频率合作可以提高检测效率,并且加权求和准则的检测性能优于等权求和 准则。     

基于无线环境图信息辅助的多循环频率协作频谱感知方法

针对频谱感知中单循环频率检测不能充分利用信号循环谱信息的缺点,本文提出一种基于无线环境图(radio environment map,REM)信息辅助的多循环频率协作频谱感知方法.本文方法第1步在多个认知用户处分别选取多个相同的循环频率进行循环平稳检测,选取谱相关函数幅度作为检测统计量,根据推导的判决门限公式设定恒虚警...     

基于谱相关函数的高效合作频谱检测

传统的基于谱相关函数的合作频谱检测方法在低信噪比的情况下具有较好的检测性能,但是计算复杂度高,实际应用较困难。提出一种高效的合作频谱检测方法,采用认知用户对接收信号进行单循环频率的谱相关函数检测方法。采用离散频率平滑方法估计谱相关函数,将谱相关函数的幅度作为检测统计量。为了进一步提高检测性能,融合中心采用OR准则对所有认知用户的本地判决结果进行融合。仿真结果表明:在具有相近的检测性能的同时大大降低了计算复杂度。     

基于四阶循环多谱的频谱感知算法

目前,大部分基于能量检测和信号循环平稳的频谱感知算法能够在平稳噪声环境中取得优异的检测性能,在非平稳噪声环境中的检测性能则急剧下降。为了更好地消除频谱感知过程中非平稳噪声的影响,利用信号四阶循环多谱抑制非平稳噪声的性质,提出了一种基于四阶循环多谱的频谱感知算法。该算法首先计算四阶循环多谱的切片形式;然后通过简化的四阶循环多谱幅度平方和对协同用户截取的信号进行检测;最后计算其峰值系数,实现对主用户信号存在性的判断。仿真结果表明,在非平稳噪声环境中,所提出的算法比传统的频谱感知算法识别概率更高,性能更好。     

结合语音增强的基音检测改进方法

针对低信噪比情况下,语音信号传统的基音检测方法鲁棒性较差的问题,提出一种结合语音增强的基音检测改进方法。通过基于听觉掩蔽的多频带谱减法减小带噪语音信号背景噪声,得到较干净的语音;将增强后的语音作为基音检测的待处理语音,利用能零积和能零比的多门限法对其进行清浊音判决;在平均幅度差函数（AMDF）加权自相关函数（ACF）的基础方法上进行改进,实现精确的基音检测。理论与仿真结果表明,在信噪比为－10dB时,该方法依然能够精确检测基音周期,鲁棒性明显提高。     

动态分配模式下的宽带频谱感知

频谱感知是认知无线电的一项关键技术,其能够检测出未被主用户占用的频谱空穴,提高频谱利用率。提出两种宽带感知方法——矩形谱感知法和谱相关感知法,分别适用于已知主用户带宽和主用户功率谱(PSD)的情况。不同于以往将宽带频谱感知转换为窄带频谱感知的方法,利用主用户先验PSD在宽带范围内直接搜索主用户信号。该方法不需要带宽划分,直接在宽带内进行检测,对主用户信号PSD没有特殊要求,主用户信号可以随机出现在所检测的带宽范围内。仿真结果表明,由于谱相关法比矩形谱法利用了更多的先验信息,其检测性能优于矩形谱法,主用户载波估计更为准确。     

联合循环平稳特征PCA与XGBoost的频谱感知

针对低信噪比条件下主用户信号检测概率低的问题,提出一种基于循环平稳特征主成分分析与极限梯度提升算法(eXtreme Gradient Boosting,XGBoost)的主用户信号频谱感知算法。在信号各循环频率不为零值的情况下,提取能量最大的信号循环谱,通过PCA对循环谱特征进行降维处理,生成训练样本和测试样本。利用训练完成的XGBoost算法对待检测的信号进行分类,实现主用户信号是否存在检测。实验结果表明:与支持向量机算法、随机森林算法和传统循环谱算法相比较,该算法在低信噪比和低虚警率情况下具有更优的检测性能。     

基于循环平稳的频谱感知方法

文中提出了一种主用户信号随机出现时基于循环平稳的频谱感知方法。该方法首先推导了在主用户信号随机出现时,基于循环平稳频谱感知方法的判决统计量,然后基于Neyman-Pearson(N-P)准则,推导了在给定虚警概率时所提方法的判决门限和检测概率,最后用仿真结果证实了所提方法在主用户随机出现时相比传统循环平稳频谱感知方法的有效性和优越性。     

一种适用于主用户信号随机出现和离开的能量频谱感知方法

针对认知无线电系统中主用户信号随机出现与离开时的频谱感知问题,提出了一种新型的能量感知方法：该方法首先假设主用户信号的随机出现和离开服从泊松随机过程,当认知用户准备接入时,该方法先将从待测频段上接收到的样本能量按照泊松离开概率进行线性合并,然后计算相应的判决门限并判断待测频段是否有主用户信号,如果没有则接入并使用待测频段。当认知用户使用频段时,将接收到的样本能量按照泊松到达概率进行线性合并同时计算相应的门限,再判断主用户信号是否随机出现,如出现则退出当前使用频段。仿真结果表明,相比传统能量感知方法,所提新的能量感知方法能够在主用户信号随机出现与离开的情况下有效工作。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.