一种产生变频多模信号的新方法

直接数字频率合成（DDS)技术是一种新型的频率合成技术,它具有较高的频率分辨率,能快速实现频率切换,又能在频率改变时保证相位的连续性。但是,专用的DDS集成芯片输出波形及频率范围通常是固定的。在研究专用DDS电路构成的基础上,对专用DDS的电路结构进行了扩展,增加了数据分配器和存储不同波形数据的ROM及外围控制电路模块,在大规模可编程FPGA芯片上实现了波形可编程、频率可编程的多模信号变频系统。该变频系统能够实现正弦波、三角波、锯齿波、方波等波形的选择及每种波形频率的变换。系统将PLL倍频、分频电路、数据选择器、数据分配器、频率字输入模块、DDS信号发生器、键控等模块集成在一块可编程FPGA芯片上,这在很大程度上提高了多模变频信号电路的集成度和可靠性。由于FPGA的系统可编程特性,系统实现的参数可通过现场编程调整,增加了电路适配的灵活性。     

基于AD9854的信号发生器设计

介绍了用数字方式实现频率合成技术的基本原理和DDS芯片AD9854的内部结构及工作模式。设计了一种采用单片机控制AD9854为核心的信号发生器,它具有输出信号波形种类多、精度高、可程控等特点。文中详细分析了该信号发生器的系统结构、软硬件设计和具体实现电路。     

多功能智能函数信号发生器的设计

介绍了一种采用传统的信号发生器的原理结合直接数字波形合成(DDS)技术、高速D／A、A／D转换技术、数字信号处理(DSP)技术和智能仪器仪表技术而设计的一种多功能智能函数信号发生器。它不仅具有输出信号波形种类多、精度高、可程控等特点，并且具有实时显示输出信号波形及其主要参数的功能。     

采用DDS频率合成的虚拟信号发生器研究

根据直接数字频率合成(DDS)原理,结合虚拟仪器平台提供的丰富软硬件资源,利用软件分段计算产生波形数据,通过数据采集卡(PC-DAQ)输出,输出信号频率分辨率高;频率跳变速度快;频谱纯度高.文中分析了虚拟信号发生器的各项性能指标,比较了其输出频谱与传统DDS输出的差异,最后给出了实验结果.该信号发生器已成功用作虚拟压电参数测量系统中的信号源.     

基于AD9854的某型机载声呐信号仿真系统硬件设计

文章介绍了一种机载声呐信号仿真系统的设计方法,该系统采用了利用数字方式实现频率合成技术（即DDS技术）的AD9854芯片,并利用C8051的F系列单片机进行控制,该系统具有输出信号波形种类多、精度高、可程控等特点。文中详细分析了该信号发生器的系统结构、软硬件设计和具体实现电路。     

基于FPGA+PWM的多路信号发生器设计

基于运放的信号发生器精度低且稳定性和可调节性差,而基于DDS的信号发生器则成本高、电路复杂。为此提出了基于FPGA+PWM的多路信号发生器设计方法。该方法硬件上无需DAC与多路模拟开关,由FPGA产生调制输出波形信号所需的PWM脉冲波,经二阶低通滤波和放大电路后即可得到所需波形信号。实验证明,该多路信号发生器幅值分辨率高,频率精度高,且具有良好的直流性能,各通道可独立产生三角波、锯齿波、正弦波、方波且输出稳定。且其成本低,设计灵活,可扩展性强,可应用于各种场合。     

基于FPGA的正弦信号发生器设计

介绍了一种基于FPGA的正弦信号发生器的系统设计.采用直接数字频率合成技术(DDS),借助8位高速数模转换器件DAC908输出正弦信号,进一步通过低通滤波器还原,由末级功放输出驱动50Ω负载.在改进的DDS算法结构基础上,系统的复杂度降低,更趋于模块化,产生的波形频率更准确,且输出信号范围为DC到10 MHz,频率分辨率达到0.1 Hz.性能测试结果表明,该系统可靠、快速,输出信号的频率具有高精度、高稳定度.     

基于DDS技术的智能信号发生器的设计

本文提出了一种以直接数字频率合成(DDS)技术为基础的信号发生器的设计。采用单片机AT89C51控制DDS芯片AD9850产生频率可调的正弦信号,并通过低通滤波器得到纯正的信号,最后经过功率放大驱动电路输出目标信号。该信号发生器用在变压器绕组变形测试仪中,用来产生频率自动可调的1KHZ-1MHZ的扫频信号。发生器具有频率精度高,频率范围宽,操作快捷方便等优点。     

一种卡式任意波形发生器

介绍了采用直接数字合成（DDS）技术的任意波形发生器的软硬件设计。该系统是一种虚拟仪器,由通用微机和信号产生电路组成,信号产生电路则主要由波形存储器、D／A转换器和低通滤波器等组成一块电路卡。利用微机完成波形的编辑或选择、波形数据的产生及写入、波形输出频率和幅度的控制。具有波形编辑方便、处理速度快、精度高和控制效果好的特点。     

FPGA配合NIOS技术的精确调频发生器

本设计以Altera公司的APEX FPGA器件为核心,采用直接数字频率合成技术(DDS),辅以必要的模拟与数字转换电路,形成一个精确调频发生器。本系统的主要特色:可以产生任意波形的信号,输出信号的频率可精确调整,且频率稳定度很高。本系统也可以实现扫频信号输出,且扫频起点、终点和步长均可调整。同时对输入模拟信号采集,并用Nios对采样数据处理实现全数字调频。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.