The Aromatization Properties of Nano-HZSM-5 Catalyst

In this article, the influence of reaction conditions on the aromatization over nano-HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst was investigated. The experimental results showed that nano-HZSM-5 catalyst has the best aromatization properties under the optimal conditions: reaction temperature 430°C, reaction pressure 0.3 MPa, and liquid hourly space velocity 1 h^-1. At the optimal operational conditions, the conversion of olefins in the feedstock was 76.15%. Aromatics yield and the content of olefins, content of aromatics, and content of isoparaffins in liquid product were up to 84.98%, 12.11%, 39.58%, and 35.23%, respectively.     

Reducing Olefins Content of FCC Gasoline Using a NANO-HZSM-5 Catalyst

Abstract

The study of reducing olefins properties on nano-HZSM-5 catalyst was investigated with a continuous fixed reactor using fraction of fluid catalytic cracking gasoline (75N120°C). The experimental results showed that nano-HZSM-5 catalyst has the best reducing olefins properties under the optimal conditions: temperature 430°C, pressure 0.3 MPa, and liquid hourly space velocity 1 h^?1, and the content of olefins in the feed stock decreased to 12.11% and dropped 31 percentage points. The yield of liquid product, the content of aromatics, and the content of isoalkane in liquid product are up to 84.98%, 39.58%, and 35.23% respectively.     

The Aromatization Properties of Nano-HZSM-5 Catalyst

Abstract

In this article, the influence of reaction conditions on the aromatization over nano-HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst was investigated. The experimental results showed that nano-HZSM-5 catalyst has the best aromatization properties under the optimal conditions: reaction temperature 430°C, reaction pressure 0.3 MPa, and liquid hourly space velocity 1 h^?1. At the optimal operational conditions, the conversion of olefins in the feedstock was 76.15%. Aromatics yield and the content of olefins, content of aromatics, and content of isoparaffins in liquid product were up to 84.98%, 12.11%, 39.58%, and 35.23%, respectively.     

纳米HZSM-5沸石催化剂上催化裂化轻汽油的芳构化

利用小型固定床加压反应器在纳米 HZSM-5沸石催化剂上进行了流化催化裂化(FCC)轻汽油(馏出温度小于等于85℃的馏分)的芳构化反应。实验结果表明,在反应温度为360～400℃、反应压力为1.0～3.0 MPa、重时空速为1.0～4.0 h~(-1)、V(H_2)∶V(原料)为260、反应时间48 h 的条件下,FCC 轻汽油中的 C_5~+烯烃转化率为39.11%～97.92%,产物中芳烃净增量为2.59%～19.05%,说明 FCC 轻汽油可在纳米 HZSM-5沸石催化剂上有效进行芳构化反应。汽油收率低和催化剂失活快是 FCC轻汽油在纳米 HZSM-5沸石催化剂上进行芳构化反应需要解决的两个主要问题。对纳米 HZSM-5沸石催化剂进行必要的改性处理及脱除原料中的二烯烃杂质呵以改进 FCC 轻汽油芳构化催化剂的性能。     

Influence of ZnO and P2O5 Content on Modified HZSM-5 on Aromatization of FCC Gasoline

Catalytic properties of different content of ZnO and P₂O₅ supported on HZSM-5 zeolites were studied in the conversion of FCC gasoline (75°C-120°C) into aromatic hydrocarbons with a temperature of 430°C, a liquid hourly space velocity of 1.0 hr^-1, and a pressure of 0.1 MPa. In the reaction, when the contents of ZnO and P₂O₅ are 2% and 4%, respectively, Zn-P/HZSM-5 showed the highest selectivity and activity to aromatic hydrocarbons and conversion of olefins. The content of aromatics in the liquid product and the yield of aromatics reached as high as 94.53%, 68.87%, and 51.74%, respectively.     

Aromatization of FCC Gasoline Over Modified HZSM-5 Catalyst

Zinc and phosphorus incorporated HZSM-5 catalyst was prepared by adopting incipient wet co-impregnation (Zn-P/HZSM-5). Zn-P/HZSM-5 catalyst exhibited the lowest acidity but the highest aromatization activity with stable performance in the studied period of 16 hr. The process conditions on aromatization reaction and the coke deactivation mechanism of Zn-P/HZSM-5 catalyst were studied on a small-scale, fixed bed reactor using FCC naphtha (75-120°C). The weight contents of ZnO and P₂O₅ were 2% and 4%, respectively. Results showed that Zn-P/HZSM-5 catalyst under a temperature of 450°C, liquid hourly space velocity of 1.0 h^-1, and pressure of 0.1 MPa, the conversions of olefins and alkanes are 96.77% and 88.94%, respectively, the contents of olefins, aromatics in liquid product are 6.79% and 74.57%, respectively. Carbon deposition was the major reason for catalyst deactivation due to the catalyst's good performance as a fresh catalyst after regeneration. All of the blending products fitted the standards of Chinese gasoline.     

直馏汽油非临氢改质技术的工业应用

摘要扬州石油化工厂20 kt／a直馏汽油非临氢改质装置的运行结果表明,石油化工科学研究院开发的RGw-l型直馏汽油非临氢改质催化剂的活性、选择性高,单程运转周期大于70 d,再生后反应性能完全恢复。改质反应产品收率高,干气产率小于2％。产品品质好,改质后汽油RoN提高30个单位以上,烯烃质量分数小于2％,是汽油降烯烃的优质调合组分;副产液化气的烷烃体积分数达95％以上,可以作为车用液化气。该催化剂还可用于含ct烯烃原料的改质。为直馏汽油和c。馏分的升值利用及炼油厂汽油降烯烃开辟了一条新途径。     

催化裂化汽油馏分在P—Zn／HZSM-5催化剂上的芳构化

以50～100℃的FCC汽油馏分为原料,在连续固定床反应器上考察了工艺条件对P-Zn／HZSM-5催化剂在芳构化反应中性能的影响。结果表明,在反应温度410℃、反应压力0．5MPa、液时空速1．0h^-1的操作条件下,液相产物中的烯烃、异构烷烃和芳烃的含量分别为8．56％,13．07％,73．39％。催化剂P-Zn／HZSM-5具有较好的芳构化降烯烃效果。     

A New Catalyst for the Non-hydrogenation Reduction of Olefins

In this article, the preparation and application of a nonhydrogenation-reducing olefin catalyst were studied. The carrier of this catalyst was synthesized by γ-Al₂O₃ and SiO₂. It was found that the optimum molar ratio was 1:1 and the more suitable synthetic temperature was 80°C. The catalyst consisted of transition element Ni, W loading on the carrier that was self-made. Meanwhile, the properties of the catalyst were determined by an x-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), N₂-adsorption, and an FT-IR spectrophotometer. In order to study the performance of the catalyst, it was dried and calcined, and then it was reacted with the feed gasoline on the small fixed vector. The results showed that the content of olefins in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline had been reduced from 51.0% to 25.6% when the reaction temperature was 170°C, the space velocity was 1.5 h^-1, and the reaction pressure was 2.5 MPa. The experimental results showed that the method of the catalytic preparation was simple and convenient, the activity of the catalyst was very high, and the regeneration and stability were also very good. The olefin content was reduced by more than 20% in FCC gasoline; the original octane number was not changed. Therefore the quality of the gasoline would meet the new gasoline standard (GB). The catalyst had very high industrial application value.     

Aromatization of FCC Gasoline Over Modified HZSM-5 Catalyst

Abstract

Zinc and phosphorus incorporated HZSM-5 catalyst was prepared by adopting incipient wet co-impregnation (Zn-P/HZSM-5). Zn-P/HZSM-5 catalyst exhibited the lowest acidity but the highest aromatization activity with stable performance in the studied period of 16 hr. The process conditions on aromatization reaction and the coke deactivation mechanism of Zn-P/HZSM-5 catalyst were studied on a small-scale, fixed bed reactor using FCC naphtha (75–120°C). The weight contents of ZnO and P₂O₅ were 2% and 4%, respectively. Results showed that Zn-P/HZSM-5 catalyst under a temperature of 450°C, liquid hourly space velocity of 1.0 h^?1, and pressure of 0.1 MPa, the conversions of olefins and alkanes are 96.77% and 88.94%, respectively, the contents of olefins, aromatics in liquid product are 6.79% and 74.57%, respectively. Carbon deposition was the major reason for catalyst deactivation due to the catalyst's good performance as a fresh catalyst after regeneration. All of the blending products fitted the standards of Chinese gasoline.     

Ga改性HZSM-5催化剂芳构化性能的考察

以不同温度水热处理的纳米HZSM-5为母体制备了Ga/HZSM-5催化剂,并对该催化剂在FCC汽油芳构化上的性能进行考察。结果表明：以600 oC水热处理、硝酸洗涤的HZSM-5为母体制备的Ga/HZSM-5（GaHS600）的芳构化性能最优,当温度为480 oC,WHSV为1 h-1时,GaHS600上所得产品中芳烃和（C3+C4）体积分数分别为58.3%和7.6%。在本实验考察条件下,金属二次改性对Ga/HZSM-5芳构化性能的提高并无有利影响。     

选择催化裂化制间二异丙苯反应工艺和催化剂的改性

在小型固定床反应器上采用纳米HZSM-5分子筛催化剂对混合二异丙苯进行选择催化裂化制间二异丙苯,考察了反应温度和重时空速对选择催化裂化反应的影响,得到的优化反应条件为:常压、反应温度420℃、重时空速3h~(-1)、氮气为载气。在此条件下,8h内的平均结果为:对二异丙苯裂化率89.8%,间二异丙苯收率72.7%,二异丙苯产物中间二异丙苯的质量分数90.2%。反应工艺的研究结果表明,在无载气的条件下,原料中通入苯可减少反应过程的积碳。对纳米HZSM-5分子筛催化剂进行改性的实验结果表明,采用水热处理12h的改性方法可有效提高催化剂的催化性能和稳定性,同时产物中间二异丙苯的含量很高,可有效提高后续分离过程的效率。     

DEEP DESULPHURISATION OF A DIESEL BLEND IN A PILOT PLANT TRICKLE BED REACTOR

A pilot plant investigation was conducted to study the influence of hydrotreating conditions on conversion and characteristics of diesel blend and to determine the severity of operating conditions required to meet the proposed product specifications for diesel fuel in India. A typical diesel blend derived from various refinery streams with sulphur content of 2·06 wt% was hydrodesulphurised over a commercial NiO-MoO₃/Al₂O₃ catalyst in a pilot plant trickle bed reactor. The experiments were conducted at 300-370°C, 30-50 kg/cm², 2·0 3·0 hr^-1 liquid hourly space velocity and constant H₂/oil ratio of 185 m³/m³. The data showed that the diesel blend could be hydrotreated to meet revised product specifications of 0·25 wt% sulphur, 46 cetane number by increasing the severity of operation. The cetane number and aromatic saturation were limited by thermodynamic equilibrium at temperatures above 360°C. The influence of temperature was found to be more pronounced than that of pressure in the range of operating conditions studied.     

IN-SITU ACTIVATION OF METHANOL SYNTHESIS CATALYST IN A THREE-PHASE SLURRY REACTOR

In the liquid phase methanol synthesis process, syngas reacts in the presence.of fine catalyst particles slurried in the oil phase, in a three phase slurry reactor system. A method for activating high concentration ( ≤25 wt. %) of the CuO-ZnO-Al₂O₃ catalyst in the catalyst-oil slurry has been successfully developed. This catalyst activation process can be of crucial significance in the research and development of the methanol synthesis process in a liquid entrained reactor.

The reducing gas contains 2% hydrogen in nitrogen mixture and this activation procedure is carried out at a pressure of 125 psi. The catalyst-oil slurry is subjected to a controlled temperature ramping from 110° to 250° C. The catalyst has beemshown to be effectively reduced after following this activation procedure, that is valid especially for high catalyst loadings in slurry. Since the reduction is carried out in the process liquid medium and inside the reactor system, the catalyst-oil slurry after the treatment is ready for the synthesis of methanol.     

LIQUEFACTION OF BEYPAZARI LIGNITE USING NiCl2-KCl-LiCl CATALYSTS. 1. DIFFERENCE IN SOLID AND MOLTEN SALT CATALYSIS

Liquefaction of Beypazan lignite in tetralin using NiCl₂-KCl-LiCl (14:36:50 molar percentages) as catalyst was investigated. Effects of the catalyst/lignite ratio and temperature were determined in experiments done at 275°C, 300°C and 360°C. Liquid products were separated into oils, asphaltenes and asphaltols by a solvent extraction method. Yield of liquefaction increased with temperature in all experiments, the highest yield was observed in experiments performed at the eutectic temperature of the catalyst mixture. The highest yields of oils were 20% and 30% with a catalyst/coal ratio of 0.5 at 275°C and 300°C, respectively. The activity of the catalyst increased in experiments in which the catalyst was molten. The yield of asphaltenes were not affected with increases in the catalyst/coal ratio in the experiments done at 275°C or 300°C in which the catalyst mixtures were in solid state. Asphaltene yields decreased from 25% to less than 5% with increasing values of catalyst/coal ratio and the asphaltol yields remained constant at 10% between catalyst/coal ratios of 0.25 and 1.00 and suddenly increased to 30% and 40% for catalyst/coal ratios of 1.50 and 2.00, respectively, at 360°C. The molecular weights of the oils decreased from 340 to a minimum value of 245 as the catalyst/coal ratio was increased from 0 to 1.00 in experiments done at 360°C where the catalyst was molten. As the catalyst/coal ratio was further increased from 1.00 to 2.00 the molecular weight increased to 310.It seemed that the N1Cl₂-KCl-LiCl catalyst mixture in all catalyst/coal ratios was more efficient in molten phase than it was used as a solid mixture.     

降烯烃GOR-C催化剂在催化裂化装置的应用

介绍了降烯烃GOR C催化剂在扬子石油化工股份有限公司炼油厂催化裂化装置的应用情况。当GOR C催化剂占总催化剂藏量的 3 0 %时 ,汽油烯烃含量由 5 2 .0 %降至 43 .0 %。采用降低反应温度 ,降低掺渣率 ,提高终止剂注入量和提高稳定塔底温度等措施后 ,烯烃含量进一步降低至 3 0 .4% ,汽油达到GB1793 0— 1999规定的标准     

Influence of ZnO and P2O5 Content on Modified HZSM-5 on Aromatization of FCC Gasoline

Abstract

Catalytic properties of different content of ZnO and P₂O₅ supported on HZSM-5 zeolites were studied in the conversion of FCC gasoline (75°C–120°C) into aromatic hydrocarbons with a temperature of 430°C, a liquid hourly space velocity of 1.0 hr^?1, and a pressure of 0.1 MPa. In the reaction, when the contents of ZnO and P₂O₅ are 2% and 4%, respectively, Zn-P/HZSM-5 showed the highest selectivity and activity to aromatic hydrocarbons and conversion of olefins. The content of aromatics in the liquid product and the yield of aromatics reached as high as 94.53%, 68.87%, and 51.74%, respectively.     

负载型催化剂的C10烯烃低聚性能

采用固定床反应器考察了HY分子筛、活性氧化铝以及活性白土3种不同载体,三氟甲烷磺酸、AlCl₃等不同活性组分及添加量,反应温度对C₁₀烯烃低聚反应的影响。选择浸渍法将质量分数5%AlCl₃负载到活性白土上,制得C₁₀烯烃低聚反应催化剂。吡啶红外光谱表征催化剂酸性,N₂吸附-脱附分析催化剂比表面积和孔径,采用气相色谱分析产物组成及含量。结果表明：在体积空速6 h^-1、反应温度190 ℃、反应压力1 MPa条件下进行反应,二聚产物收率为40.9%,三聚产物收率为21.7%。白土作为载体相比纯活性组分作催化剂提升了活性组分的利用率,减少污染,产物与催化剂更易分离,从而降低了催化剂分离的成本。     

High Temperature Thermal Stability Investigation of Paraffinic Oil

The physical and thermal properties of paraffinic oil were investigated at 250-360°C to determine its suitability for use as a heat-transfer fluid. Thermal stability test was conducted at 360°C for a period of 480 hr in a stainless steel high-pressure autoclave. The paraffinic oil offered sufficient thermal stability for a period of about 300 hr and then became unstable resulting in thermal break down or cracking of the oil. Degradation of the oil led to the formation of gases, liquid components, and solid coke of about 5 wt.% of the starting material. The distillation test performed on the liquid components showed that the composition varied from light naphtha to heavy bituminous material.

The paraffinic oil compared favorably with synthetic organic fluids and the typical properties revealed its suitability as a heating fluid in a system with maximum usage temperature of 310°C as indicated by the thermal stability test. Comparative evaluation of the general properties of the tested paraffinic oil with other paraffinic and mineral oils of different product formulations showed excellent agreement. From these results, it is concluded that the paraffin oil sample produced by the local refinery is suitable for use as a potential thermal fluid at temperatures below 315°C, which is quite adequate for many industrial applications.     

Performance-focused Catalyst Design to Meet Diesel Quality Improvements—Part II

In this work, we present an experimental evaluation concerning the catalytic hydrocracking of gas oil (GO) feedstock. The study was carried out using five types of supported NiMo-based catalysts (100A, 100AP, 100AB, 100H-DY, and 30H-DY). Screening tests of the performance of these sulfided catalysts were carried out in a high-pressure batch autoclave at temperatures of 350°C-425°C, reaction time of 1-3 hr, catalyst/feed ratios of 5-10%, and initial hydrogen pressure of 6.0 MPa. This study clearly shows that the incorporation of H-DY zolite into aluminum borate (AB) matrix led to a greatly improved hydrocracking catalyst for production of lighter products, in addition to depressing the pour point of the diesel fuel product. In all experiments, the yield of gasoline and gaseous products increased dramatically by increasing the severity of the process variables. A high-pressure test unit was used to study the effect of different process variables as pressure (3.0-6.0 MPa), liquid hourly space velocity (1.5-3 hr^-1), hydrogen/ GO volumetric ratio (400 vol./vol.), and temperatures of 375°C, on the GO conversion to various products using 30H-DY catalyst, and to correlate the impact of process conditions on the yield and quality of diesel fuel and gasoline products to optimize the process