管网内壁生物膜的形成与控制方法研究进展

由于管网系统中存在微量有机物,滋生的细菌会在管道内壁形成厚度不一的附生生物膜.作者就管网内壁生物膜的相关研究进行了综述,以生物膜的形成过程为基础,总结了影响管内壁生物膜的6个因素:水流剪切力、管材、余氯、温度、pH、营养物质.介绍了当前研究中常被使用的两种反应器及取样方法,提出了控制生物膜生长的建议及措施.     

污水管道生物膜的温度效应研究

为了考察污水管道生物膜的温度效应,研究不同温度条件下的生物膜量、生物膜活性、生物膜厚度、出水水质及出水水质变化率与生物膜量的关系。结果表明,11～13℃时单位生物膜量对COD、TN、TP的降解率分别为0.344、1.06×10-2、0.5×10-2 mg.mg-1.d-1,达到最大值,但生物膜生长缓慢;17～19℃与23～25℃时生物膜综合性能较好,生物膜量、生物膜活性都处于最佳状态,23～25℃时,生物膜干重和生物膜COD可达117、79 mg.L-1,17～19℃时,蛋白质为0.510 mg.mg-1,耗氧率为0.510 mg.mg-1.min-1,多聚糖为0.009 24 mg.mg-1.min-1、0.305 mg.mg-1,并且污水中TP、TN的降解率分别可达62.3%和49.4%;但通过对出水水质的观察,23～25℃时由于生物膜过度生长,导致大量脱落,出水水质混浊。     

预氯化对原水长距离输水管道硝化性能的破坏与恢复

采用稳定运行的环状生物膜反应器(bio-films annular reactor,BAR)模拟原水长距离输水管道水质净化过程,以不同投氯方式进行预氯化对原水输水管道硝化性能的破坏与恢复试验研究。结果表明,预氯化对管道生物膜AOB损伤较大,灭活率为4.96log,对NH₄⁺-N、NO₂^--N去除效能影响明显。恢复阶段CT值越高生物膜中AOB恢复生长速率越快。生物膜对NH₄⁺-N去除效能的恢复较NO₂^--N快2 d,NH₄⁺-N、NO₂^--N分别在第8 d和第10 d完成恢复。生膜中AOB数量的恢复与管道对NH₄⁺-N的去除率之间存在明显的相关性,其相关系数可达到92%。     

应用群体感应淬灭技术控制MBR膜污染的研究进展

膜生物反应器(MBR)被广泛应用于污水的深度处理和回用。然而,膜表面的生物污染一直是MBR应用中的难题,至今仍未得到有效解决。研究结果表明,生物膜的形成与细胞间的群体感应(QS)有关,因此,通过干扰QS系统而阻止生物膜形成的群体淬灭(QQ)技术有望从根本上有效减缓MBR膜表面的生物污染。文中综述了微生物信号分子、QS机制以及各种控制MBR膜污染的QQ方法,为MBR膜生物污染控制技术的发展提供了相关信息。     

原水管道漏水情况分析及技术控制

分析了导致原水管道漏水的原因,提出了严格控制工程施工质量,开展管道检漏技术的研究,加强对原水管道的沉降监测及管道上违章的整治力度,加强对管道的科技化管理等控制技术。     

原水管道漏水情况分析及技术控制

分析了导致原水管道漏水的原因,提出了严格控制工程施工质量,开展管道检漏技术的研究,加强对原水管道的沉降监测及管道上违章的整治力度,加强对管道的科技化管理等控制技术。     

提升油气管道焊接质量安全的关键控制技术研究

在能源输送领域,油气管道的建设和维护对保障能源安全和经济发展起着至关重要的作用。油气管道焊接作为管道建设中的一个关键环节,其质量直接关系到管道的安全和使用寿命,如何提升管道焊接质量,确保油气管道的安全运行成为了研究和实践中的重要课题。本文针对当前油气管道焊接过程中存在的质量安全问题,深入研究了提升油气管道焊接质量安全的关键控制技术。     

油田注水杀菌剂加药技术研究

分析了油田管道硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）周期生长,投加杀菌剂不易根除的原因。在室内模拟管线条件下,研究了杀菌剂对溶液和生物膜中SRB灭菌作用的影响。通过微生物生长曲线和杀菌剂加药周期研究,找出合适的加药方式,为油田注水杀菌加入提供理论依据。     

影响和防治输配水管道上生物膜的研究

该文介绍了输配水管道上生物膜的形成机理及其影响因素,分析了其存在的危害及防治措施,并简介了国内在这方面的最新研究趋势外。     

成品油管道投产过程中油品乳化原因分析及防控

针对成品油管道投产过程中普遍遇到的油品乳化问题,总结历年管道投产情况,发现油品乳化必然导致油品的分水性、微量水含量、堵塞性质量指标变化。结合已有理论,分析与这3项质量指标相关的影响因素,包括抗磨剂、水分、杂质。提出筛选油品、筛选水、做好清管、提高管道运行技术等10项关键的防乳化控制技术。这些技术通过了实验室模拟验证,并成功地应用在2019年12月新投产的管道上,为类似成品油管道的投产提供实践依据和解决方法。     

Novel Strategies for the Prevention and Treatment of Biofilm Related Infections

Biofilm formation by human bacterial pathogens on implanted medical devices causes major morbidity and mortality among patients, and leads to billions of dollars in healthcare cost. Biofilm is a complex bacterial community that is highly resistant to antibiotics and human immunity. As a result, novel therapeutic solutions other than the conventional antibiotic therapies are in urgent need. In this review, we will discuss the recent research in discovery of alternative approaches to prevent or treat biofilms. Current anti-biofilm technologies could be divided into two groups. The first group focuses on targeting the biofilm forming process of bacteria based on our understanding of the molecular mechanism of biofilm formation. Small molecules and enzymes have been developed to inhibit or disrupt biofilm formation. Another group of anti-biofilm technologies focuses on modifying the biomaterials used in medical devices to make them resistant to biofilm formation. While these novel anti-biofilm approaches are still in nascent phases of development, efforts devoted to these technologies could eventually lead to anti-biofilm therapies that are superior to the current antibiotic treatment.     

Particle Separation in Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor: Applications and Opportunities

Different solid/liquid separation techniques for particle separation after a moving bed biofilm reactor are discussed. Conventional technologies such as sedimentation, floatation, and depth filtration are reviewed based on reports and articles in the literature. Optimal operating parameters that lead to satisfactory solids removal rates were given for each technology. Disc and membrane filtration are also discussed as relatively new technologies that offer advanced solids separation process. The potential of membrane separation, especially submerged membrane reactors (sMBR), were found and they are therefore proposed as a good alternative to conventional solid/liquid separation technologies. The nature and characteristics of the biofilm process also opens for a variety of possible configurations of submerged MBR that could be employed for advanced treatment of effluent from a moving bed biofilm process.     

污水处理厂生物膜技术除臭的研究进展

简要论述生物除臭技术的原理,方法及其研究进展,重点介绍了生物膜除臭技术在污水处理等方面的应用情况,对生物膜除臭技术中有待解决的问题以及未来的研究方向进行了系统分析。     

油田污水生化处理技术研究进展

随着油田采油形势的日益严峻,采油废水处理也面临诸多问题,污水排量大、水体质量波动大、大分子有机物浓度高、重金属类污染物含量高,传统物理化学方法难以应对,而生化法处理采油废水高效低耗,经济环保。介绍了几种常用的采油废水生物处理技术,包括活性污泥法、生物膜法、自然处理法及厌氧-好氧处理法,其中自然处理法包括人工湿地法和氧化塘法。对国内外学者的研究进行了简明归纳,并对油田污水处理技术未来的发展方向提出了建议。     

生物法净化处理工业废气的研究进展

随着世界范围内环境污染的加剧,环境问题引起了强烈的重视,尤其是大气污染,成为了大众关注的焦点。在空气污染治理中,生物法净化工业废气具有高效、低成本等优点,成为目前研究的热点。本文介绍了生物法净化处理废气的基本原理,主要包括生物膜理论中的传质和降解过程,阐述和比较了生物滤池、生物洗涤和生物滴滤这3种处理工艺,分析了影响生物法处理废气的重要因素,如填料、营养物、微生物、压降。同时对国内外发展现状进行了详细评述,与国外研究相比,特别是在污染物种类的研究上还有一定差距。生物滴滤工艺相对研究的较晚,提出今后研发重点和方向,将生物滴滤工艺全面推向工业化,加强对降解微生物的深入研究,实现单种到多种污染物的降解。     

Boronic Acid Moieties Stabilize Adhesion of Microalgal Biofilms on Glassy Substrates: A Chemical Tool for Environmental Applications

Photosynthetic organisms such as diatoms microalgae provide innovative routes to eco-friendly technologies for environmental pollution bioremediation. Living diatoms are capable to incorporate in vivo a wide variety of chemical species dispersed in seawater, thus being promising candidates for eco-friendly removal of toxic contaminants. However, their exploitation requires immobilization methods that allow to confine microalgae during water treatment. Here we demonstrate that a biofilm of Phaeodactylum tricornutum diatom cells grown on the surface of a glassy substrate bearing boronic acid protruding moieties is stably anchored to the substrate resisting mechanical stress and it is suitable for removal of up to 80 % metal ions (As, Cr, Cu, Zn, Sn, Pb, Sb) in a model polluted water sample. Control experiments also suggest that stabilization of the biofilm adhesion occurs by interaction of boronic acid surface groups of the substrate with the hydroxyl groups of diatoms extracellular polysaccharides.     

冲厕海水SBBR处理工艺中悬浮填料的选型

悬浮填料作为微生物赖以栖息的场所,是批式生物膜反应器的关键技术之一。基于冲厕海水水质特性,提出SBBR处理冲厕海水用悬浮填料的选型原则：密度应接近海水,比表面积较大,水力学和理化特性优良。筛选三种悬浮填料进行了挂膜试验,结果表明,改性聚丙烯柱状填料更适合用于冲厕海水处理。     

Biofilm Matrix and Its Regulation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Biofilms are communities of microorganisms embedded in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix. Bacteria in biofilms demonstrate distinct features from their free-living planktonic counterparts, such as different physiology and high resistance to immune system and antibiotics that render biofilm a source of chronic and persistent infections. A deeper understanding of biofilms will ultimately provide insights into the development of alternative treatment for biofilm infections. The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a model bacterium for biofilm research, is notorious for its ability to cause chronic infections by its high level of drug resistance involving the formation of biofilms. In this review, we summarize recent advances in biofilm formation, focusing on the biofilm matrix and its regulation in P. aeruginosa, aiming to provide resources for the understanding and control of bacterial biofilms.     

去除饮用水中氧化态污染物的氢基质膜生物反应器

环境污染的加剧导致饮用水中不断出现新的污染物,由于饮用水的贫营养性及传统工艺自身的缺点使传统工艺在实际应用中受到限制.而氢基质膜生物反应器(MBfR)能够有效地利用中空纤维膜外自养微生物以氢气作为电子供体去除饮用水中的氧化态污染物.成本较其他深度处理工艺低,且无后续污染物.作者介绍了MBfR的构造和工作原理,分析了MBfR处理饮用水中各种氧化态污染物的原理.并探讨了该领域的研究重点与方向.     

Nutrient Sensing and Biofilm Modulation: The Example of L-arginine in Pseudomonas

Bacterial biofilm represents a multicellular community embedded within an extracellular matrix attached to a surface. This lifestyle confers to bacterial cells protection against hostile environments, such as antibiotic treatment and host immune response in case of infections. The Pseudomonas genus is characterised by species producing strong biofilms difficult to be eradicated and by an extraordinary metabolic versatility which may support energy and carbon/nitrogen assimilation under multiple environmental conditions. Nutrient availability can be perceived by a Pseudomonas biofilm which, in turn, readapts its metabolism to finally tune its own formation and dispersion. A growing number of papers is now focusing on the mechanism of nutrient perception as a possible strategy to weaken the biofilm barrier by environmental cues. One of the most important nutrients is amino acid L-arginine, a crucial metabolite sustaining bacterial growth both as a carbon and a nitrogen source. Under low-oxygen conditions, L-arginine may also serve for ATP production, thus allowing bacteria to survive in anaerobic environments. L-arginine has been associated with biofilms, virulence, and antibiotic resistance. L-arginine is also a key precursor of regulatory molecules such as polyamines, whose involvement in biofilm homeostasis is reported. Given the biomedical and biotechnological relevance of biofilm control, the state of the art on the effects mediated by the L-arginine nutrient on biofilm modulation is presented, with a special focus on the Pseudomonas biofilm. Possible biotechnological and biomedical applications are also discussed.