德国污水污泥处理处置政策及磷回收技术解析与启示

德国于2017年10月3日通过了对《污水污泥条例》的修订,核心内容是要求从污水污泥或其焚烧灰中回收磷。按德国污水污泥处置的相关立法,只有符合《污水污泥条例》《肥料条例》的限值要求,才允许污水污泥排放并进行土壤利用。分析了德国磷的供需矛盾及磷回收潜力及方法,介绍了德国经济型磷回收情况。从德国污水污泥处置途径的发展来看,由于协同焚烧投资相对较低,在德国曾是发展的主流方向,但随着《污水污泥条例》的执行,德国将逐步转向单独焚烧处理,到2029年必将基本废弃协同焚烧处理方式。德国污水污泥处理处置经验可为我国污水污泥的处理处置提供有益借鉴。     

上海市中心城区污水处理厂污泥特性及处理处置路线分析

对上海市中心城区污水处理厂一般脱水和深度脱水污泥的重金属、养分含量和含水率等泥质特性指标进行了系统分析。将污泥泥质指标与污泥处理处置利用标准和政策对比表明,上海市中心城区污水处理厂污泥不宜采用填埋、土地利用或建材利用的处置方式。从污泥减量化、无害化、稳定化和资源化的角度考虑,宜采用污泥焚烧。当采用污泥焚烧时,应注重污染物排放标准控制及资源利用,并适当调增排水费以维持污水污泥设施的建设及长期运行的需求。     

污水处理厂污泥独立焚烧工艺路线及适用性解析

近年来,我国污泥产量高速增长,污泥的安全处理处置问题日益严峻.污泥焚烧作为城镇污水处理厂污泥处理的主流技术之一,在我国得到越来越多的工程化应用,但目前仍缺乏成熟可靠的工艺设计和运行依据.结合国内外工程应用案例,介绍了国内外污泥焚烧的主流工艺路线——按预处理方式分为全干化+焚烧、半干化+焚烧和脱水+焚烧三类.对三类工艺在...     

青浦区城镇污水处理厂污泥处理与处置方式的探讨

本文在简要介绍城镇污水处理厂几种污泥处置典型工艺的基础上，结合青浦区污泥处置现状和存在的问题，通过分析已投入运营的城镇污水处理厂污泥特性，提出采用焚烧工艺作为青浦区城镇污水处理厂污泥处置方式。     

污泥单独焚烧工艺在上海的演变发展

从上海三大片区部分污泥处理工程工艺演变情况来看，在填埋受限、土地利用及建材利用工艺路线不畅的情况下，污泥的焚烧工艺成为必选方案。究其原因，污泥自身重金属含量超标是该工艺演变的主要内因。介绍了上海三大片区部分污泥工程概况，从国内外环保标准、碳排放、资源回收等角度分析了污泥单独焚烧工艺路线是我国污水处理厂污泥处理必选方案之一，最后对污泥焚烧工艺的发展趋势进行了展望。     

深圳市污泥处理处置技术路线研究

分析国内外污泥处理处置技术及发展趋势,对深圳市污泥泥质特征、土地资源及环境背景状况等因素进行综合分析,结合深圳市污水系统布局提出的“干化+焚烧”污泥处置方式,探讨在焚烧处置建设受阻期间可能采用的技术工艺,提出可供决策的技术路线.     

城市污水污泥处理处置系统的技术经济分析与评价(下)

3 污泥焚烧系统的分析与评价 焚烧法是一种高温热处理技术,即以一定的过剩空气量与被处理的污泥在焚烧炉内燃烧进行氧化反应,污泥中的有机质和有毒有害物质在高温下氧化、热解而被破坏,是可同时实现污泥无害化、减量化、资源化的一种技术.在欧盟污泥焚烧比例在不断上升,并逐渐成为最主要的污泥处置手段之一[4].污泥焚烧分为污泥单独焚烧和混合焚烧,其中混合焚烧是指在水泥厂、垃圾焚烧厂、热电厂或工业锅炉与其他物料混合进行焚烧.     

珠海市污水处理厂污泥处理处置探讨

在总结国内外常用污泥处理处置技术的基础上,结合珠海市污泥处理处置现状以及污泥特性,探讨其污泥处理工艺和处置设施厂址选择.建议珠海市中心城区污水处理厂污泥适宜的处置工艺为:半干化填埋和干化焚烧;并针对不同的工艺,对污泥集中处置设施厂址进行了综合比选.     

行业综合信息

温州市污泥集中干化焚烧工程启动联系单位:温州市政府项目内容:温州市240t/d污泥集中干化焚烧工程已于2010年6月13日开工,预计于2012年初建成投产。该工程接纳温州市区中心片和东片污水处理厂的剩余污泥,设计规模为日处理含水率80%的湿污泥240t。工程位于温州市龙湾区东片污水处理厂二期预留地,规划用地面积13 333.9m2。工程     

污泥处理处置投资将达到15OO亿元

据中国人大环境学院副院长王洪臣介绍,截止到2009年12月底,全国投运城镇污水处理厂1992座,处理污水量280亿吨,产生含水率80％左右的污泥2005万吨。随着在建的2000多座污水处理厂陆续投入运行,全国年污泥总产量将很快突破3000万吨。而据不完全统计,目前全国城镇污水处理厂污泥只有小部分进行填埋、土地利用、焚烧或建材利用等,总有效处理处置率仅5—10％。     

城市污水处理厂剩余污泥热值估算方法研究

污水处理厂剩余污泥所具有的热值是衡量其能量利用价值的重要指标。目前的热值分析方法检测步骤繁琐、成本高,在污水处理厂的实际应用中有一定的困难。以北京市5座污水处理厂的剩余污泥为研究对象,通过测量污泥样品的挥发性固体(VS)与总固体(TS)含量和污泥的热值,发现污泥的VS/TS与污泥热值具有良好的线性关系,由此确定出估算污泥热值的计算公式。并采用多座污水处理厂的污泥数据对公式的适用性进行验证。对比分析表明,该公式能较准确地估算污泥热值,且其操作和所需仪器设备更为简单,能够根据污水处理厂日常对VS和TS的分析值快速估算污泥的热值。     

我国污水处理厂污泥资源化利用现状分析

随着我国经济的发展,城镇污水处理厂污泥量不断增多,污泥的处理处置以及资源化利用成为当前亟需解决的问题。在对污泥资源化方式进行概述和分类的基础上,从发展历程、应用现状、地域特征等方面对不同污泥处置技术进行对比研究,系统探讨和分析了我国各种污泥资源化处置技术的特点及不足。分析认为,我国污泥资源化处置技术投产项目呈显著上升趋势,同时,各地区由于经济发展的不平衡,呈现东多西少的格局,而浙江、江苏、山东三省远高于其他省份。最后针对我国污泥资源化处置的发展方向提出了建议,以期对污泥资源化的发展有所裨益。     

Towards a complete recycling of phosphorus in wastewater treatment--options in Germany

Global reserves of mineral phosphorus are finite and the recycling of phosphorus from wastewater, a significant sink for phosphorus, can contribute to a more sustainable use. In Germany, Switzerland, and the Netherlands, an increasing percentage of municipal sewage sludge is incinerated and the contained phosphorus is lost. This paper reviews current technologies and shows that a complete phosphorus recovery from wastewater is technically feasible. Depending on the composition of the sewage sludge ash (SSA), there are various options for phosphorus recovery that are presented. Iron-poor SSAs can be used directly as substitute for phosphate rock in the electrothermal phosphorus process. SSAs with low heavy metal contents can be used as fertilizer without prior metal elimination. Ashes not suitable for direct recycling can be processed by thermal processes. Operators of wastewater treatment plants can additionally influence the ash composition via the selection of precipitants and the control of (indirect) dischargers. This way, they can choose the most suitable phosphorus recovery option. For sewage sludge that is co-incinerated in power plants, municipal waste incinerators or cement kilns phosphorus recovery is not possible. The phosphorus is lost forever.     

城市污泥资源化利用现状及发展探讨

随着城市污泥产量连年增长,污泥处理问题迫在眉睫。由于用地日益紧张和潜在的环境污染问题,传统的处置方法如填埋已经不符合发展要求。作为污水处理厂的伴生产物,污泥含有大量有机物、氮、磷等营养物质,经过适当处理,可以变废为宝。因此,资源化利用是解决污泥问题的主要发展趋势。通过分析国内外城市污泥的处置现状,对污泥资源化技术进行了分类,并就污泥在土地利用、建材利用、能源利用和其他方面的应用进行了详细综述,同时还分析了资源化利用存在的问题,指出污泥资源化利用和发展需要因地制宜、合理开发,需要继续提高工艺水平,推进技术创新,完善政策法规。     

Energy and nutrient recovery from sewage sludge via pyrolysis.

Energy recovery and nutrient reuse from sewage sludge has traditionally been achieved via anaerobic digestion/power generation with land application of the biosolids. By contrast, thermal processes such as pyrolysis have typically been used only for energy recovery. One such technology has demonstrated at commercial scale that all of the energy in sludge can be beneficially recovered and reused. No attempt was however made to recover and reuse sludge nutrients. There are many potential benefits of using pyrolysis for both energy and nutrient recovery. Firstly, unlike digestion, the principal energy product is oil, which can readily be stored and used when required, ensuring that energy recovery is maximised. Secondly is that the sludge nutrients are recovered in the pyrolysis char. Laboratory soil incubation studies using char from the Subiaco demonstration plant were conducted over an eight-week period to confirm nutrient availability. Results from this study showed that the phosphorus in the char is plant available although the nitrogen was insoluble. Based on these results it appears that there is potential to use pyrolysis as an effective means to recover and reuse both the energy and the very valuable phosphorus present in sewage sludges.     

Fate of nonylphenol and 17beta-estradiol contained in composted sewage sludge after land application.

Many environmental problems caused by endocrine disrupters (EDs) have been reported. Because little is known about the fate of EDs accumulated in sewage sludge, we carried out a study to clarify the fate of EDs in composted sludge after its application to soil. Nonylphenol (NP) and 17beta-estradiol (E2) were measured for leachate and soil. High concentrations of NP and E2 were detected in the leachate at the early stage, but they decreased rapidly. Also, the high contents of NP and E2 in soil decreased significantly within 300 days. Because the decrease of NP and E2 in the soil was much larger than that of NP and E2 in the leachate, there must have been a physicochemical or biological decomposition mechanism in the soil layer. We also tried to clarify the transfer of NPs to plants from compost. In the experimental conditions of this study, the transfer of NPs to plants from compost was not observed.     

Fate of nonylphenol polyethoxylates and nonylphenoxy acetic acids in an anaerobic digestion process for sewage sludge treatment.

Many environmental problems caused by endocrine disruptors (EDs) have been reported. It is reported that EDs flow into sewage treatment plants, and it has been pointed out that these may be shifted from the wastewater treatment process to the sludge treatment process. Little is known about the fate of EDs accumulated in sewage sludge, so we carried out a study to clarify the fate of EDs in sewage sludge treatment processes, especially in an anaerobic digestion process. In this study, nonylphenol (NP) was selected as a target ED. Nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPnEO) or nonylphenoxy acetic acids (NPnEC), which were the precursor of NP, were added to an anaerobic digestion process, and mass balance was investigated. The following results were obtained from the anaerobic digestion experiments. (1) NP1EO was injected to an anaerobic digestion testing apparatus that was operated at a retention time of approximately 28 d and a temperature of 35 degrees C with thickened sludge sampled from an actual wastewater treatment plant. Approximately 40% of the injected NP1EO was converted to NP. (2) NP1EC was injected to an anaerobic digestion testing apparatus with thickened sludge. As a result, almost all injected NP1EC was converted to NP. When NP2EC was injected, NP2EC was not converted to NP until the 20th day.     

Overview of municipal sludge fluid bed incineration in North America--from green to greener--the Lakeview, the Duffin Creek and the Southerly experiences

Thermal processes used in sludge disposal have become more attractive as process improvements have been introduced, such as power generation and efficient heat recovery. More and more utilities and agencies are reevaluating their sludge management practices to ensure that they are providing sustainable management solutions for their clients. The thermal process design approach to the disposal of sludge is not only designed to achieve stricter emission limits but also is more energy efficient compared to its predecessors. Increasing numbers of new plants are being built every year with more energy efficient heat recovery features such as air preheating and cogeneration with steam and electricity production. This paper presents an overview of fluid bed incineration in North America and its evolution over the last decades. Case studies of the last three newest and largest plants in North America are presented, including the Lakeview Plant, Duffin Creek Plant, both in Ontario, Canada and the Southerly Plant in Cleveland, Ohio, USA.     

The Ruhrverband sewage sludge disposal concept in the conflict between European and German standards and regulations.

The Ruhrverband, acting as a water association responsible for integrated water resources management within the entire natural river basin of the Ruhr, operates a network of 83 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and connected sludge disposal facilities. According to German regulations, the disposal of sewage sludge containing more than 5% of organic dry solids will be prohibited as of 1 June 2005. In Germany, the only future alternative to incineration will be the agricultural utilization of sludge. However, this way of sludge disposal is presently the subject of critical discussions in Germany because of the organic and inorganic toxic substances, which may be contained in sewage sludge, despite the fact that very stringent standards are to be met by agricultural uses. On the other hand, application of sewage sludge to agricultural land is explicitly supported by the European Sewage Sludge Directive 86/278/EEC. In the face of this controversial situation the Ruhrverband has initiated, in 2000, the development of a comprehensive and sustainable sludge and waste disposal concept for all wastewater facilities it operates in the entire Ruhr River Basin. The concept includes de-central sludge digestion and dewatering and subsequent transport to two central sludge incineration plants. It is expected that in future not more than 5% of all sludges produced in Ruhrverband's WWTPs will be used in agriculture. That means, the major part of 95% will have to be incinerated.     

Full scale validation of helminth ova (Ascaris suum) inactivation by different sludge treatment processes.

The Norwegian sewage sludge regulation requires disinfection (hygienisation) of all sludges for land application, and one of the criteria is that disinfected sludge should not contain viable helminth ova. All disinfection processes have to be designed and operated in order to comply with this criterion, and four processes employed in Norway (thermophilic aerobic pre-treatment, pre-pasteurisation, thermal vacuum drying in membrane filter presses and lime treatment) have been tested in full scale by inserting semipermeable bags of Ascaris suum eggs into the processes for certain times. For lime treatment supplementary laboratory tests have been conducted. The paper presents the results of the experiments, and it could be concluded that all processes, except lime treatment, could be operated at less stringent time-temperature regimes than commonly experienced at Norwegian plants today.