金针菇菌丝体多糖超声提取工艺的研究

目的：研究金针菇菌丝体多糖超声辅助提取的最佳工艺。方法：通过单因素以及正交试验进行超声辅助提取金针菇菌丝体多糖;采用蒽酮比色法测量金针菇菌丝体多糖的含量。结果：超声辅助提取金针菇菌丝体多糖,最佳工艺条件为：料液比1：100、超声强度80W、超声处理时间10min、浸提液pH8．0。结论：水浴提取法平均提取率为1．16％,超声辅助提取金针菇菌丝体多糖的得率率平均为3．46％,提高了198．28％。这说明超声辅助法提取金针菇菌丝体多糖明显优于水浴法。     

金针菇深层发酵条件及水浴提取菌丝自多糖的研究

目的：研究金针菇深层发酵的条件、培养菌丝体及菌丝体多糖的提取工艺。方法：通过发酵罐发酵研究金针菇深层发酵的条件及培养菌丝体;通过单因素试验及正交试验研究菌丝体多糖的水浴提取工艺。结果：试验确定了金针菇发酵的最佳种龄为48h、最适接种量是15％,菌丝生长曲线测定确定了发酵周期为培养时间96h,溶氧30％-50％,25℃培养;水浴提取金针菇菌丝体多糖的最佳工艺是：料液比1：60,水浴时间90min,水浴温度60℃。结论：明确了金针菇深层发酵的培养条件,通过发酵罐发酵每升发酵液可得到40g金针菇菌丝体（干重、得到了金针菇菌丝体多糖的水浴提取工艺。     

微波协同酶法提取金针菇多糖工艺的优化

采用微波协同酶法提取金针菇多糖,研究提取条件对金针菇多糖得率的影响,并在单因素试验基础上进行正交试验.结果表明:微波协同酶法提取可以有效提高金针菇多糖得率,其最佳提取工艺条件为酶解温度45℃,酶解时间1.5h,调节溶液pH 4.0,加入0.40％(m∶m)果胶酶,微波功率600 W,料液比1∶20(m∶V),提取时间90 s,提取3次,在最佳条件下,金针菇多糖得率为21.76％.     

金针菇深层发酵条件及水浴提取菌丝体多糖的研究

目的:研究金针菇深层发酵的条件、培养菌丝体及菌丝体多糖的提取工艺.方法:通过发酵罐发酵研究金针菇深层发酵的条件及培养菌丝体;通过单因素试验及正交试验研究菌丝体多糖的水浴提取工艺.结果:试验确定了金针菇发酵的最佳种龄为48h、最适接种量是15%,菌丝生长曲线测定确定了发酵周期为培养时间96h,溶氧30%～50%,25℃培养;水浴提取金针菇菌丝体多糖的最佳工艺是:料液比1∶60,水浴时间90min,水浴温度60℃.结论:明确了金针菇深层发酵的培养条件,通过发酵罐发酵每升发酵液可得到40g金针菇菌丝体(干重)得到了金针菇菌丝体多糖的水浴提取工艺.     

金针菇多糖闪式提取工艺及其抗氧化活性研究

以金针菇为原料,应用响应面法优化了金针菇多糖的闪式提取工艺,并对多糖的抗氧化活性进行了测定。结果表明:最佳闪式提取条件为液料比26∶1(m L∶g)、提取电压190 V、提取时间103 s,在该条件下,提取两次,多糖最终提取率为6.85%,较高温浸提法提高了40.08%。抗氧化实验表明,金针菇多糖具有明显的还原能力和清除羟自由基和DPPH自由基的能力。     

间歇式超声辅助金针菇菇根多糖提取工艺研究

采用间歇式超声辅助提取金针菇菇根多糖,通过单因素试验和响应面试验设计优化金针菇菇根多糖提取工艺条件。结果表明,影响金针菇菇根多糖得率的工艺因素按主次顺序排列为后段超声时间(C)恒温提取时间(B)前段超声时间(A)。确定金针菇菇根多糖最佳提取工艺条件为提取液p H5,料液比1∶30(g/m L),提取温度90℃,超声功率400 W,前段超声时间20 min,恒温提取时间130 min,后段超声时间23 min,在此最佳条件下,多糖得率为7.24%。在超声时间和恒温提取时间相同条件下,该方式多糖得率比"前超声辅提+恒温提取"方式和"恒温提取+后超声辅提"方式分别提高6.3%和5.6%,比直接恒温水浴提取提高12.76%。     

金针菇下脚料多糖超声-微波协同辅助提取工艺及其抑菌活性

以金针菇下脚料为原料,水作为提取溶剂,在单因素试验基础上,通过响应面优化超声-微波协同辅助提取金针菇下脚料多糖工艺,并对金针菇下脚料多糖的抑菌活性进行研究。结果表明:超声-微波辅助提取金针菇下脚料多糖的最佳的工艺条件为,料液比1:45(g:mL),提取时间为20 min,微波功率为65 W。与传统水浴浸提法相比,超声-微波辅助提取金针菇下脚料多糖不仅缩短了提取时间,而且提高了多糖得率。超声-微波协同辅助提取对金针菇下脚料多糖的结构基本没有影响。金针菇下脚料多糖对黑曲霉和酿酒酵母没有抑菌活性,对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌有一定的抑菌作用,最小抑菌浓度分别为2.25、5和2.25 mg/mL,且抑菌活性与多糖质量浓度呈正相关关系。     

金针菇多糖酸奶的研制

以金针菇多糖、脱脂奶粉为主要原料,尝试开发一种金针菇多糖酸奶。首先通过L9(33)的正交试验确定超声波辅助法提取金针菇多糖的工艺。再以乳酸菌数和感官评定为指标,确定金针菇多糖最适添加量及其酸奶最佳制作工艺。另外对对照酸奶和金针菇多糖酸奶部分理化性质进行测定。结果表明,超声波辅助法提取金针菇多糖的最佳工艺为:料液比1︰30 g/mL,浸提温度50℃,超声处理70 min;金针菇多糖酸奶的最佳工艺为金针菇多糖添加量1.2 g/L,白砂糖添加量70 g/L,发酵时间9 h。金针菇多糖酸奶的感官评分、乳酸菌数和持水性分别是对照酸奶的1.06, 2.20和1.05倍,而乳清析出率的平均值和酸度均比对照组低。此次试验初步研制出金针菇多糖功能性酸奶,为丰富酸奶的花色品种提供参考。     

金针菇菇根废弃物多糖提取工艺优化研究

以金针菇菇根废弃物为原料,用物理破碎法和热水浸提法研究金针菇废弃物多糖提取的最优工艺条件。通过采用单因素实验和正交实验进一步优化提取工艺条件,确定影响多糖得率的主次因素分别为乙醇浓度、浸提比和提取时间。结果表明:金针菇菇柄废弃物多糖提取的最优工艺条件为浸提温度90℃,浸提2次,浸提时间90min、料液比1:20(m:v)、乙醇浓度80%,该条件下多糖提取率达8.09%。该工艺具有工艺过程简单、成本低廉、设备要求低、提取率高的特点,适合工厂化生产,有较高的推广价值。     

响应面分析法优化当归多糖提取工艺

目的：优选当归多糖的提取工艺。方法：以当归多糖为评价指标,通过响应面分析法优化当归多糖的提取工艺,并对最佳提取工艺进行验证实验。结果：当归多糖的最佳提取工艺为每次提取时间2.15h、料液比1:8.27(g/mL)、提取3次。结论：采用响应面分析法优化对当归多糖提取条件进行优化合理可行。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the