~(99)Tc~m-AIPO的制备和初步动物实验

合成了一种新的氨基肟配体 1 氨基 3 (1 咪唑基 )丙醛肟 (1 amino 3 (1 imidazolyl) propanaloxime,AIPO) ,研究了影响99Tcm AIPO标记率的各种因素。实验结果表明 ,在最佳标记条件下 ,标记率为 (94 8± 1 6) %。标记物亲水性高 ,体外稳定性好。纸上电泳结果表明 ,99Tcm AIPO在生理条件下不带电荷。99Tcm AIPO在小鼠体内的分布实验表明 ,肾的摄取最高 (注射后 10min ,摄取率为 2 7% /g) ,滞留时间长 ;该标记物在心肌中有一定的摄取 (注射后 10min ,摄取率为1 3 % /g) ,但清除很快 ;在血 ,肝 ,肺及其他器官中只有少量摄取并很快被清除。通过分子轨道理论计算推测出其可能的结构     

肝胆显像剂~(99m)Tc(Sn)PMT、~(99m)Tc(Sn)PHT药盒标记、放化纯分析、动物实验及临床应用

本文介绍了~(99m)Tc(Sn)PMT、~(99m)Tc(Sn)PHT液态药盒(-30℃保存)和冻干药盒(4℃保存)的标记条件。两种药盒标记率均大于96％,标记后24小时内稳定。放化纯分析采用试管薄层层析法,该方法具有准确、重复性好、快速等优点。大鼠体内分布实验表明,~(99m)Tc(Sn)PHT、~(99m)Tc(Sn)EHIDA、~(99m)Tc(Sn)PMT具有血清除快,肝胆转运迅速,肾脏放射性低等优点。静注后30分钟,89％的放射性已进入肠道。家兔显像、静注后3分钟肠道出现放射性,5分钟胆囊显影。安全试验表明PMT是一种毒性极低的非常安全的药物。     

~(99)Tc~m-AIPO的制备和初步动物实验

合成了一种新的氨基肟配体1-氨基-3-(1-咪唑基)丙醛肟(1-amino-3-(1-imidazolyl)-propanaloxime,AIPO),研究了影响99Tcm-AIPO标记率的各种因素.实验结果表明,在最佳标记条件下,标记率为(94.8±1.6)%.标记物亲水性高,体外稳定性好.纸上电泳结果表明,99Tcm-AIPO在生理条件下不带电荷.99Tcm-AIPO在小鼠体内的分布实验表明,肾的摄取最高(注射后10min,摄取率为27%/g),滞留时间长;该标记物在心肌中有一定的摄取(注射后10min,摄取率为1.3%/g),但清除很快;在血,肝,肺及其他器官中只有少量摄取并很快被清除.通过分子轨道理论计算推测出其可能的结构.     

HSA微胶粒(SAA)药盒的制备及其99Tcm标记

用生理盐水将20%医用人血清白蛋白(HSA)静脉注射液稀释后,在碱性条件下加热制备HSA微胶粒(SAA),冻干制成药盒;电镜检查显示得到了粒径＜80 nm的SAA,颗粒范围适合于骨髓、淋巴和炎症显像.用Na 99TcmO4溶液对药盒进行标记,标记率＞99%,并可稳定至标记后4 h.小鼠生物分布结果提示,99Tcm-SAA主要从肾脏排泄,60 min时肝、脾和肾放射性较高;家兔显像结果显示给药后30～60 min骨髓可以清晰显影.该SAA药盒标记方法简单,质量稳定,骨髓摄取率高,有望成为一种新的胶体显像剂.     

肺通气显像剂^99Tc^m—GP药盒的研制

介绍了葡萄磷脂冻干品药盒的研制及用冻干品室温标记肺爱气显像剂＾９９Ｔｃ＾ｍ－Ｇｐ的简单，快速方法。观察了冻干品药盒不同贮存条件下的稳定性。结果表明，冻干品分别在４℃保存１８０ｄ，２０－２５℃９０ｄ和４０℃３ｄ条件下＾９９Ｔｃｎ－ＧＰ标记率均〉９５％。临床应用显示，＾９９Ｔｃ＾ｍ－ＧＰ与＾９９Ｔｃ＾ｍ－ＤＴＰＡ和３０，９０ｍｉｎ肺沉积率及半清除时间有显著差异。     

乏氧组织显像剂99Tcm-HL91冻干药盒的研制

以酒石酸亚锡为还原剂,制备了无菌无热原的HL91药盒,并对药盒进行了99Tcm标记.条件实验结果显示:pH和酒石酸亚锡的量对99Tcm-HL91标记率的影响较大,pH为7～9时,标记率＞90%,pH过高,HL91配体出现沉淀;酒石酸亚锡含量在5～30 μg时,标记率＞90%;HL91含量为1 mg.由此确定每支冻干品药盒中含有1 mg HL91、20 μg酒石酸亚锡、pH 8～8.5.按照国家药典规定对药盒进行急性毒性实验、无菌和无热原检验合格;标记后的注射液室温5 h内稳定;冻干药盒室温保存1个月、冷冻保存3到6个月,标记后放化纯度仍大于90%.     

乏氧组织显像剂99Tcm-HL91冻干药盒的研制

以酒石酸亚锡为还原剂,制备了无菌无热原的HL91药盒,并对药盒进行了99Tcm标记.条件实验结果显示pH和酒石酸亚锡的量对99Tcm-HL91标记率的影响较大,pH为7～9时,标记率＞90%,pH过高,HL91配体出现沉淀;酒石酸亚锡含量在5～30 μg时,标记率＞90%;HL91含量为1 mg.由此确定每支冻干品药盒中含有1 mg HL91、20 μg酒石酸亚锡、pH 8～8.5.按照国家药典规定对药盒进行急性毒性实验、无菌和无热原检验合格;标记后的注射液室温5 h内稳定;冻干药盒室温保存1个月、冷冻保存3到6个月,标记后放化纯度仍大于90%.     

99Tcm-环丙沙星一步法药盒的制备及其动物体内分布

确定了99Tcm-环丙沙星(ciprofloxacin,CPF)的最佳标记条件,在此基础上制备了环丙沙星冻干品药盒,并初步观察了99Tcm-CPF在炎症模型小鼠体内的分布。结果显示最佳标记条件为:盐酸环丙沙星的用量大于4 mg;SnCl2.2H2O的用量大于100μg,体系pH为3.0~3.5,反应时间约10 min。最佳标记条件下制备的99Tcm-CPF放化纯度>95%,室温放置6 h,其放化纯度无明显变化;药盒分别在0~8℃冷藏及-18℃冷冻保存3个月后再标记,标记物的放化纯度仍>95%;小鼠炎症模型实验结果显示,注射后4 h脓肿与肌肉放射性摄取比为4.30±0.31。     

~(99m)Tc标记人血清白蛋白药盒的研制

本文介绍间接标记(添加螯合剂酒石酸)~(99m)Tc-HSA药盒的方法。药盒质量难以控制。对二氯化锡储存液中Sn~(2 )进行滴定;选择化学分析法并综合评价标记效果;以正交法实验选取最佳标记条件;通过比较,确定药盒配方:HSA 7mg、酒石酸 1.08mg、SnCl_2·2H_2O 0.16mg、pH3.5;五批冻干药盒鉴定:标记率>95％,血液清除率-0.0026(平均斜率),药盒有效储存期6个月;本药盒与核素听诊器配合,测定心脏功能,获得良好效果。     

131I-肝癌单抗片段HAb18F(ab'')2注射液药盒的制备

选择Mather高效碘标法（NBS法）制备应用于肝癌治疗的^131I-肝癌单抗片段HAb18F(ab‘)2注射液药盒。确定并优化了冷药盒各组分的剂型、标记条件和纯化方法。制备出的药盒抗体标记物的放化纯度大于95％，整个标记过程可在10min内完成，10℃以下干燥处可保存两年以上，适于临床应用。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.