Receptor binding occurrence and plasma levels of natriuretic peptides in response to sympathectomy

In the present investigation the relationship between the sympathetic nervous system and the endocardial levels of receptor binding sites for natriuretic peptides and the plasma content of atrial natriuretic peptide were analyzed in rats. In order to destruct the cardiac sympathetic nerve terminals, chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine was made in parallel with intravenous measurements of blood pressure and heart frequency. By use of immunohistochemical and enzyme-linked-immunosorbent techniques the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive sympathetic nerve terminals and plasma levels of pro-atrial natriuretic peptide were determined, respectively. The occurrence of receptor binding sites for natriuretic peptides was examined by in vitro receptor autoradiography. In contrast to the marked occurrence of natriuretic peptide receptor binding sites seen in the ventricular endocardium of control rats, the sympathectomized rats exhibited a decreased number of binding sites for natriuretic peptides in the endocardium of both the right and left chambers. Interestingly, this was found in parallel with a significant decrease of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and increased plasma levels of pro-atrial natriuretic peptide in the treated group of rats. These findings, together with those in previous studies, give support to an idea that one part of the blood pressure-decreasing effects, seen in patients treated with beta-adrenergic blockade, might be through a reduction of the natriuretic clearance receptor C, then giving rise to increased levels of atrial natriuretic peptide.     

满足行人保护的汽车前端系统设计方法

随着对汽车安全性能的重视程度越来越高,汽车制造商也在不断改进车辆本身的行人保护性能,尤其是行人腿部碰撞保护。如何从概念设计到总布置设计全面考虑汽车前端系统的设计就显得尤为重要。文中通过研究小腿碰撞机理,得出相应的造型和总布置设计条件,并且指出EPP材料的应用能够显著提高小腿碰撞性能,更为有效的方法是采用薄壁钢结构,从而为汽车前端系统提供了设计参考。     

基于周期性角速度控制的非圆构件缠绕系统

在各种非圆截面的骨架上缠绕特种带材并经处理制成的构件,其具有金属构件所不具备的优异性能,广泛用于工业、交通、军事、航天、航空、医疗、体育以及公众事业之中。我国现有的缠绕机一般是开环微机控制,这类设备定位精度低、抗干扰能力差,设备自动运行中,暂停后搭接不好,生产效率低。本文利用pic作为控制核心,根据构件所处的角位置实时地改变缠绕角速度,从而稳定缠绕线速度,构成闭环控制。     

轿车乘员约束系统的试验验证及参数优化

应用MADYMO模型进行虚拟试验或数值仿真是乘员约束系统开发流程中重要的方式。为得到可靠的计算结果,必需遵循规范的验证流程。详细介绍了MADYMO正面碰撞约束系统的建立和试验验证的流程。基于验证模型,进行了试验设计、参数灵敏度分析、响应面模型分析以及优化设计。优化设计结果使乘员受重伤的概率下降4.2%。在实际的工程应用中,利用MADYMO模拟可有效匹配约束系统的设计参数,达到稳健可靠的乘员保护效果。     

A modification of the chromic tartrate silver impregnation technique for block impregnation of the central nervous system and paraffin wax embedding

This paper describes a block silver impregnation technique for the CNS. The procedure, which is quite simple, yields highly consistent and reproducible results. After fixation during 6–10 days in 10% saline formaldehyde, 4 mm thick blocks of brain are treated with chromic anhydride and sodium potassium tartrate solution for 4 days. After this period the specimens are rinsed in 0.75% silver nitrate solution to which 8–10 drops of pyridine per 100 ml of solution have been added. This is followed by impregnation for 4 days at 37°C in silver nitrate-pyridine solution identical to that used in the previous rinsing step. The impregnated blocks are reduced during 20–26 h in 1% pyrogallol to which 6 ml commercial formaldehyde per 100 ml of solution have been added, followed by dehydration in dioxan and paraffin embedding. Sections no thicker than 30 μm are then cut for histological study. This fundamentally neurofibrillar method reveals: (a) neuronal somata and their processes; (b) synaptic structures; (c) fibre bundles; and (d) cell nuclei and nucleoli.     

基于正面碰撞安全性的PHEV乘员约束系统的优化和实验

以某款Plug-in混合动力电动汽车(Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle,PHEV)的正面碰撞安全性为研究目标,针对设计结构和整车质量的变化可能导致原型车已经匹配好的乘员约束系统无法提供最优保护的情况,基于RBF神经网络算法,对PHEV的正面碰撞乘员约束系统的相关参数进行分析和优化,以降低假人头部、颈部和胸部的伤害值为目标,建立了PHEV的正面碰撞试验乘员约束系统仿真计算模型,通过仿真计算和实车正面碰撞试验,验证了优化后的乘员约束系统具有更好的被动安全性能。     

基于正交试验设计的乘员约束系统性能优化

在微型轿车正面碰撞过程中,乘员容易受到严重伤害,优化乘员约束系统对于乘员的保护极其重要。利用MADYMO软件建立了包含座椅、安全带、仪表板及转向系统在内的某微型客车乘员约束系统的分析模型,并通过试验验证了模型的有效性。最后利用验证后的模型对约束系统的参数应用正交试验设计的方法进行优化,实现了对该车正面碰撞过程约束系统的较全面且较可靠的评价。     

Age-dependent changes in the nervous and endocrine control of the thymus

The immune system, especially the thymus, undergoes age-related modifications leading to structural and functional changes in the lymphoid organs and immunocompetent cells. Nevertheless, the consequences of thymic involution in the peripheral pool of T-cells are still a matter of controversy. The control of the thymic function is very complex and involves intrathymic signals, the autonomic nervous system, and the endocrine system. Both thymocytes and thymic stromal cells express receptors for a wide range of hormones, as well as for neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, thus affecting thymocytes maturation. This review summarizes the age-dependent variations in the extrathymic components of the thymic microenvironment, i.e., vegetative nerves and hormones, and the possible effects of those changes in the immune function.     

基于多工况的汽车碰撞乘员约束系统参数匹配的研究

针对单一工况匹配的安全气囊系统不仅在其他工况下不能保证对乘员的保护效能,而且还极有可能产生更大的伤害。以国产某轿车为例,建立该车的前排乘员侧约束系统的数学仿真模型,针对美国FMVSS208法规所要求的正面刚性固定壁障垂直碰撞的四种工况进行乘员响应的仿真计算,并对该车的约束系统参数进行多工况优化,同时提出了基于多工况的乘员约束系统参数优化方法。所提方法能够使乘员约束系统在不增加配置的基础上,满足更多种工况下的假人伤害值要求。     

多向纤维缠绕小样机的研制

首先对多向纤维缠绕制品的特性进行了分析。然后以实现多向纤维缠绕为基础,从总体结构、芯模零部件设计、传动系统设计以及控制系统设计等几个方面介绍了多向纤维缠绕小样机的研制。这些将为开发功能更完备的大型多向纤维缠绕机械提供很好的实践基础。     

高能电子束冲击实验用靶丝精确复位系统

考虑高能电子束冲击实验中韧致辐射靶丝对精确复位的需求,设计了用于靶丝精确复位的辅助系统.首先,根据双目视觉原理推导了用于复位系统的重要公式;然后,根据实际使用的工况,设计了靶丝精确复位系统方案,包括硬件指标论证和软件算法设计.最后,在模拟真实工况环境下,搭建了实验平台,对系统的复位精度误差进行了测算.测试结果显示所研制的复位系统的复位精度误差为2%.半实物仿真实验结果显示,这套复位系统实现了高能电子束冲击实验中对韧致辐射靶丝的精确复位.由于研究对象是复位系统,而非定位系统,不需要进行标定,因此不存在标定误差,其研制成功保证了高能电子束冲击实验的可靠性.     

Induced maturation of frog mast cells by nerve growth factor during ontogenesis

The effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) on ontogenesis of frog mast cells was investigated in vivo by histochemical, morphometric, and ultrastructural analysis. Three groups of tadpoles at various stages of development were used. In the first group, the larvae received i.p. injections of 1 ng NGF/g; the second group received 10 ng NGF/g, while the control group received only the vehicle. The first recognizable mast cells arose symmetrically in the tongue at stage 26 of Witschi's standard table. At stages 26 and 29, the mast cell number in the NGF-injected tadpoles was significantly higher than the control group. From stage 29 onward, the mast cell number rapidly increased in all groups. No significant differences in mast cell number were observed between the control group and the NGF-injected groups at stages 31 and 33. Electron microscopy revealed that at metamorphic climax (stage 33), the mast cells in the NGF-treated groups were more mature than those in the control group. Therefore, nerve growth factor at early stages of tadpole development is likely to induce differentiation of mast cell precursors, while at later stages it is likely to induce maturation of immature mast cells. The close anatomical association between mast cells and perineurium, observed during nerve development, is intriguing. Already in the early stages of nerve development, the mast cells form a network around Schwann cell-axon complexes, together with the perineurial cells. At climax, the mast cells are located between the perineurial layers, suggesting that they may play a role in the tissue-nerve barrier of the perineurium. Nerve growth factor also seems to induce perineurial cell maturation.