孔的形状和排列方式对厚孔板微结构压膜空气阻尼的影响分析

本文对微结构上孔的形状和排列方式对压膜空气阻尼的影响进行了理论和模拟分析.理论研究表明对于不同厚度、不同排列方式下的孔单元阵列,若孔的总面积和孔单元面积均为常数,当孔数增加到某一值时有最小阻尼力,并用FEM工具ANSYS证明了该结论的正确性.结果还表明孔数对恒定尺寸微结构空气阻尼的影响随着结构厚度和孔数的增加而变得更加明显.分析结果对比表明在同样的尺寸条件下,孔方形排列微结构的空气阻尼小于孔蜂窝式排列微结构的空气阻尼,该现象随着孔单元面积的增加变得越明显,但是随着孔单元接近微结构的边界,阻尼之间的差距减小.研究结果可以用在高精度MEMS器件如MEMS地震检波器、MEMS光开关和MEMS红外光传感器等的优化设计中去.     

Realization of a compact microstrip antenna: An optimization approach

A new compact square microstrip patch antenna is proposed using the optimization approach, namely, the genetic algorithm (GA). The antenna is designed at three different frequencies, 785 MHz., 1.57 GHz, and 2.46 GHz, for mobile communication, GPS, and Bluetooth applications, respectively. The simulations are carried out using IE3D from Zeland Software, which is based on the method of moments (MoM). The antenna consists of a probe‐fed truncated‐corner square patch with four inserted slits along the four diagonals and four angular grooves along the four edges of the patch. The proposed design has a reduced antenna size, as compared to the conventional microstrip antenna at a given operating frequency. The return loss, impedance, and axial‐ratio bandwidth are determined and compared with the conventional square‐patch antenna. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2006.     

Thermal boundary conditions for thermal lattice Boltzmann simulations

Consistent 2D and 3D thermal boundary conditions for thermal lattice Boltzmann simulations are proposed. The boundary unknown energy distribution functions are made functions of known energy distribution functions and correctors, where the correctors at the boundary nodes are obtained directly from the definition of internal energy density. This boundary condition can be easily implemented on the wall and corner boundary using the same formulation. The discrete macroscopic energy equation is also derived for a steady and fully developed channel flow to assess the effect of the boundary condition on the solutions, where the resulting second order accurate central difference equation predicts continuous energy distribution across the boundary, provided the boundary unknown energy distribution functions satisfy the macroscopic energy level. Four different local known energy distribution functions are experimented with to assess both this observation and the applicability of the present formulation, and are scrutinized by calculating the 2D thermal Poiseuille flow, thermal Couette flow, thermal Couette flow with wall injection, natural convection in a square cavity, and 3D thermal Poiseuille flow in a square duct. Numerical simulations indicate that the present formulation is second order accurate and the difference of adopting different local known energy distribution functions is, as expected, negligible, which are consistent with the results from the derived discrete macroscopic energy equation.     

Implementing projection pursuit learning

This paper examines the implementation of projection pursuit regression (PPR) in the context of machine learning and neural networks. We propose a parametric PPR with direct training which achieves improved training speed and accuracy when compared with nonparametric PPR. Analysis and simulations are done for heuristics to choose good initial projection directions. A comparison of a projection pursuit learning network with a single hidden-layer sigmoidal neural network shows why grouping hidden units in a projection pursuit learning network is useful. Learning robot arm inverse dynamics is used as an example problem.     

An automatic 2D to 3D video conversion approach based on RGB-D images

3D movies/videos have become increasingly popular in the market; however, they are usually produced by professionals. This paper presents a new technique for the automatic conversion of 2D to 3D video based on RGB-D sensors, which can be easily conducted by ordinary users. To generate a 3D image, one approach is to combine the original 2D color image and its corresponding depth map together to perform depth image-based rendering (DIBR). An RGB-D sensor is one of the inexpensive ways to capture an image and its corresponding depth map. The quality of the depth map and the DIBR algorithm are crucial to this process. Our approach is twofold. First, the depth maps captured directly by RGB-D sensors are generally of poor quality because there are many regions missing depth information, especially near the edges of objects. This paper proposes a new RGB-D sensor based depth map inpainting method that divides the regions with missing depths into interior holes and border holes. Different schemes are used to inpaint the different types of holes. Second, an improved hole filling approach for DIBR is proposed to synthesize the 3D images by using the corresponding color images and the inpainted depth maps. Extensive experiments were conducted on different evaluation datasets. The results show the effectiveness of our method.

     

Dynamic modeling,stability and energy consumption analysis of a realistic six-legged walking robot

This paper deals with a detailed analysis on kinematics, dynamics, stability and energy consumption of a realistic six-legged robot. The aim of this study is to extend a previous work of Roy et al. [1], in order to estimate optimal feet forces and joint torques of the six-legged robot generating wave-gaits with four different duty factors and deal with its stability issues. Two different approaches are developed to determine optimal feet forces. In the first approach, minimization of the norm of feet forces is carried out using a least square method, whereas minimization of the norm of joint torques is performed in the second approach. The second approach is found to be more energy efficient compared to the first one. The maximum values of feet forces and joint torques are seen to decrease with the increase of duty factor. The effects of walking parameters, namely velocity, stroke and duty factors have been studied on energy consumption and stability of the robot. The variations of average power consumption and specific energy consumption with the velocity and stroke are compared for four different duty factors. Wave gait with a low duty factor is found to be more energy-efficient compared to that with a high duty factor at the highest possible velocity.     

三维颅骨表面模型的复杂孔洞修补

颅骨表面模型的孔洞复杂,很难用目前常用的图形学中某一类算法进行修补。目前基本修补算法（BHRA）可用来修补一般区域孔洞,但对于颅骨上破损较大复杂孔洞和特征区域复杂孔洞还没有较好的修补算法,为此提出了一种颅骨模型复杂孔洞修补算法,该算法首先通过复杂孔洞的位置和复杂孔洞包围盒的面积来对该复杂孔洞进行分类,再选择相应的算法进行孔洞修补。针对颅骨上区域较大复杂孔洞,提出了一种向内递归修补法(IRS),解决了传统孔洞修补方法修补曲面较为平坦的问题;针对颅骨上的特征区域复杂孔洞,提出了特征模型匹配法（TMA）,使用标准模型作为约束并对其进行变形,使修补后的模型更符合人的面部特征。实验结果分析表明,本算法对颅骨上区域较大的复杂孔洞和特征区域孔洞的修补效果令人满意,同时将该修补后的颅骨模型进行颅面复原,颅面复原效果良好。     

Analytic damping model for an MEM perforation cell

The concept of the perforation cell is specified for compact modelling of perforated gas dampers with micromechanical dimensions. Both, analytic expressions and FEM simulations, are used to derive its flow resistance. An extensive set of FEM simulations is performed to characterize the flow resistance of the cell, and to derive approximations for different flow regions by fitting simple functions to them. Sinusoidal small-amplitude velocities are assumed, and micromechanical dimensions are considered with rare gas effects in the slip flow regime (Knudsen number <0.1). The model is capable of modelling all practical combinations of the perforation cell dimensions in a wide range of perforation ratios (1,...,90%). Its validity is verified with a Navier–Stokes solver, and it is shown to be accurate (relative error <4.5%) in the continuum and slip flow regimes. Estimates for cut-off frequencies due to inertial and compressibility effects are specified in a way that the maximum operation frequency of the model can be easily tested. Using a harmonic FEM solver, these estimates are verified. The perforation cell model is also applied to estimate the damping in a perforated rectangular damper (4,...,64 square holes). The damping predicted by the simple model is in moderate agreement with that obtained with 3D FEM simulations.     

3维颅骨表面模型的复杂孔洞修补

颅骨表面模型的孔洞复杂,很难用目前常用的图形学中某一类算法进行修补。目前基本修补算法(BHRA)可用来修补一般区域孔洞,但对于颅骨上破损较大复杂孔洞和特征区域复杂孔洞还没有较好的修补算法,为此提出一种颅骨模型复杂孔洞修补算法,该算法首先通过复杂孔洞的位置和复杂孔洞包围盒的面积来对该复杂孔洞进行分类,再选择相应的算法进行孔洞修补。针对颅骨上区域较大复杂孔洞,提出一种向内递归修补法(IRS),解决了传统孔洞修补方法修补曲面较为平坦的问题;针对颅骨上的特征区域复杂孔洞,提出了特征模型匹配法(TMA),使用标准模型作为约束并对其进行变形,使修补后的模型更符合人的面部特征。实验结果分析表明,该算法对颅骨上区域较大的复杂孔洞和特征区域孔洞的修补效果令人满意,同时将该修补后的颅骨模型进行颅面复原,颅面复原效果良好。     

Three dimensional numerical simulations of long-span bridge aerodynamics, using block-iterative coupling and DES

The design of long-span bridges often depends on wind tunnel testing of sectional or full aeroelastic models. Some progress has been made to find a computational alternative to replace these physical tests. In this paper, an innovative computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is presented, where the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) is solved through a self-developed code combined with an ANSYS-CFX solver. Then an improved CFD method based on block-iterative coupling is also proposed. This method can be readily used for two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) structure modelling. Detached-Eddy simulation for 3D viscous turbulent incompressible flow is applied to the 3D numerical analysis of bridge deck sections. Firstly, 2D numerical simulations of a thin airfoil demonstrate the accuracy of the present CFD method. Secondly, numerical simulations of a U-shape beam with both 2D and 3D modelling are conducted. The comparisons of aerodynamic force coefficients thus obtained with wind tunnel test results well meet the prediction that 3D CFD simulations are more accurate than 2D CFD simulations. Thirdly, 2D and 3D CFD simulations are performed for two generic bridge deck sections to produce their aerodynamic force coefficients and flutter derivatives. The computed values agree well with the available computational and wind tunnel test results. Once again, this demonstrates the accuracy of the proposed 3D CFD simulations. Finally, the 3D based wake flow vision is captured, which shows another advantage of 3D CFD simulations. All the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed 3D CFD method has good accuracy and significant benefits for aerodynamic analysis and computational FSI studies of long-span bridges and other slender structures.     

Computationally efficient 2D beamspace matrix pencil method for direction of arrival estimation

In this paper, we propose a new 2-dimensional beamspace matrix pencil (2D BMP) method for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation of plane wave signals using a uniform rectangular array (URA). Based on some a priori information about DOA, the proposed method transforms the complex signal subspace in 2D matrix pencil (2D MP) method [Y. Hua, Estimating two-dimensional frequencies by matrix enhancement and matrix pencil, IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 40 (9) (1992) 2267–2280] into a real and reduced dimensional beamspace using the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) matrix transformation. Consequently, the computational complexity is reduced (several times) in comparison with 2D MP method. Computer simulations are provided to show that 2D BMP method gives comparable performance in terms of average mean square error of the estimated DOA with lesser floating point operations as compared to the existing (MP) methods.     

基于SABER平台的MEMS系统级模型研究

多端口组件网络方法是一种新的系统级统一建模方法,通过该方法形成的多端口三维组建库可以实现MEMS器件的快速设计与仿真.利用该方法,在SABER仿真平台上搭建了MEMS固态引信核心子系统的系统级行为模型,并进行了一系列的仿真分析,包括小信号频域仿真,时域仿真.以及灵敏度仿真,其结果接近于有限元分析结果.采用多端口组件网络方法进行MEMS器件的设计可以满足设计要求,保证精度,提高设计效率.     

Coupling geological and numerical models to simulate groundwater flow and contaminant transport in fractured media

A new modeling approach is presented to improve numerical simulations of groundwater flow and contaminant transport in fractured geological media. The approach couples geological and numerical models through an intermediate mesh generation phase. As a first step, a platform for 3D geological modeling is used to represent fractures as 2D surfaces with arbitrary shape and orientation in 3D space. The advantage of the geological modeling platform is that 2D triangulated fracture surfaces are modeled and visualized before building a 3D mesh. The triangulated fractures are then transferred to the mesh generation software that discretizes the 3D simulation domain with tetrahedral elements. The 2D triangular fracture elements do not cut through the 3D tetrahedral elements, but they rather form interfaces with them. The tetrahedral mesh is then used for 3D groundwater flow and contaminant transport simulations in discretely fractured porous media. The resulting mesh for the 2D fractures and 3D rock matrix is checked to ensure that there are no negative transmissibilities in the discretized flow and transport equation, to avoid unrealistic results. To test the validity of the approach, flow and transport simulations for a tetrahedral mesh are compared to simulations using a block-based mesh and with results of an analytical solution. The fluid conductance matrix for the tetrahedral mesh is also analyzed and compared with known matrix values.     

三维重建中的点云配准方法研究

对序列点云拼接实现三维场景重建的方法进行研究,在重建方法中引入体积空间映射方法,有效地去除了拼接结果中的重复点、并填补了空洞.提出了改进的ICP算法和体积空间融合算法相结合的三维重建方法.实验证明该方法能有效地提高拼接结果的精度.     

Rectangular Lattice-Boltzmann Schemes with BGK-Collision Operator

The usual lattice-Boltzmann schemes for fluid flow simulations operate with square and cubic lattices. Instead of relying on square lattices it is possible to use rectangular and orthorombic lattices as well. Schemes using rectangular lattices can be constructed in several ways. Here we construct a rectangular scheme, with the BGK collision operator, by introducing 2 additional discrete velocities into the standard D2Q9 stencil and show how the same procedure can be applied in three dimensions by extending the D3Q19 stencil. The weights and scaling factors for the new stencils are found as the solutions of the well-known Hermite quadrature problem, assuring isotropy of the lattice tensors up to rank four (Philippi et al., Phys. Rev. E 73(5):056702, 2006) This isotropy is a necessary and sufficient condition for assuring the same second order accuracy of lattice-Boltzmann equation with respect to the Navier–Stokes hydrodynamic equations that is found with the standard D2Q9 and D3Q19 stencils. The numerical validation is done, in the two-dimensional case, by using the new rectangular scheme with D2R11 stencil for simulating the Taylor–Green vortex decay. The D3R23 stencil is numerically validated with three-dimensional simulations of cylindrical sound waves propagating from a point source.     

Geometry completion and detail generation by texture synthesis

We present a novel method for patching holes in polygonal meshes and synthesizing surfaces with details based on existing geometry. The most novel feature of our proposed method is that we transform the 3D geometry synthesis problem into a 2D domain by parameterizing surfaces and solve this problem in that domain. We then derive local geometry gradient images that encode intrinsic local geometry properties, which are invariant to object translation and rotation. The 3D geometry of holes is then reconstructed from synthesized local gradient images. This method can be extended to execute other mesh editing operations such as geometry detail transfer or synthesis. The resulting major benefits of performing geometry synthesis in 2D are more flexible and robust control, better leveraging of the wealth of current 2D image completion methods, and greater efficiency.     

Numerical solution of incompressible flow through branched channels

The work deals with numerical solution of 3D turbulent flow in straight channel and branched channels with two outlets. The mathematical model of the flow is based on Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations for incompressible flow in 3D with explicit algebraic Reynolds stress turbulence model (EARSM). The mathematical model is solved by artificial compressibility method with implicit finite volume discretization. The channels have constant square or circular cross-section, where the hydraulic diameter is same in order to enable comparison between these numerical simulations. First, developed flow in a straight channel of square cross-section is presented in order to show the ability of the used EARSM turbulence model to capture secondary corner vortices, which are not predicted by eddy viscosity models. Next the flow through channels with perpendicular branch is simulated. Methods of setting the flow rate are discussed. The numerical results are presented for two flow rates in the branch.     

基于PPR模型的稀疏矩阵向量乘及卷积性能优化研究

稀疏矩阵向量乘和卷积作为高性能计算的两大计算核心,是非规则和规则访存的典型代表.目前已经做了许多针对性的优化工作,但是对于大量运行着不同指令集和拥有不同计算和访存性能的机器,仍然无法判定在特定的体系结构下导致性能效率无法被完全释放的主要原因及性能瓶颈,同时也很难准确预测出程序在特定机器上可达到的最佳性能.通过使用性能模...     

Treatment of uncertain material interfaces in compressible flows

To treat uncertain interface position is an important issue for complex applications. In this paper, we address the characterization of randomly perturbed interfaces between fluids thanks to stochastic modeling and uncertainty quantification through the 2D Euler system. The perturbed interface is modeled as a random field and represented by a Karhunen–Loève expansion. The stochastic 2D Euler system is solved applying Polynomial Chaos theory through the Intrusive Polynomial Moment Method (IPMM). This stochastic resolution method is fully explained and studied (theoretically and numerically). Stochastic Richtmyer–Meshkov unstable flows are solved and presented for several configurations of the uncertain interface (different rugosities) between the fluids. The probability density functions of the mass density of the fluid in the vicinity of the interface are computed built and compared for the different simulations: the system exhibits strong sensitivity with respect to the stochastic initially leading modes.     

Coupled electrostatic and mechanical FEA of a micromotor

The electrostatic forces occurring in a novel double stator axial-drive variable capacitance micromotor (VCM) are studied as a function of rotor-stator overlap, applied voltage, rotor support morphology, and rotor thickness. Analytical equations are developed using parallel plate assumptions, and results are compared with those obtained with 3D Finite Element Analysis (FEA) for tangential, axial, and radial electrostatic forces. The influence of the axial forces on the rotor deflections are studied using iterative indirect coupled field analysis, where the axial forces obtained from the electrostatic 3D FE model are iteratively applied to a structural FE model until stable rotor deflections are obtained. It was found that the axial forces, taking the rotor deflection into account, are twice as high as those obtained by analytical evaluation neglecting rotor deflections and about 70 times higher than the radial forces at a typical operating voltage of 100 V. Inclusion of bushing supports results in lower axial forces and decreases the influence of rotor tilt. Tangential forces likely to be exerted on the rotor at start-up are also examined and compared with analytical predictions. The study demonstrates that FEA provides more accurate results than analytical equations due to the geometry and field simplifications assumed in the latter