燃料油液相吸附脱硫机理及研究进展

综述了燃料油液相吸附脱硫机理,分析了分子尺寸选择机理、酸性位吸附机理等液相物理吸附脱硫机理的特点,指出物理吸附脱硫技术对硫化物的选择性较差且较难实现深度脱硫.重点阐述了π络合机理和S-M配位机理及研究现状,并对络合配位吸附脱硫技术存在的问题及发展前景进行了评价和展望.吸附脱硫技术具有操作条件温和、脱硫效果好、烯烃不被饱...     

一种柴油的深度脱硫方法

该专利涉及一种以钛硅分子筛为催化剂，过氧化氢为氧化剂，在温和条件下深度脱除柴油中的硫化物的方法。该方法以Ti—MWW分子筛为催化剂，一过氧化氢为氧化剂，运用催化氧化法对柴油中的硫化物进行氧化，经萃取实现脱硫。该方法反应条件温和，设备简单，反应后催化剂易回收，柴油的回收率高，且可在温和的条件下实现深度脱硫，硫的脱除率达到80％-100％。／CN1912060，2007—02—14     

车用燃料油吸附法深度脱硫技术进展

综述了车用燃料油吸附法深度脱硫的技术及吸附机理,主要包括物理吸附脱硫、化学吸附脱硫、络合吸附脱硫和选择性吸附脱硫等。物理吸附是极性吸附,吸附剂对硫化物的选择性差,难以对燃料油进行深度脱硫;化学吸附能对燃料油进行深度脱硫,但吸附温度和吸附剂再生温度较高;络合吸附和选择性吸附脱硫技术操作条件温和、投资和操作费用低,能深度脱硫,可生产硫含量小于50μg/g的低硫车用燃料油,但目前吸附剂对含硫芳烃的选择性和容硫量还较低,不能满足工业应用的要求。     

燃料油选择性吸附脱硫研究进展

依据燃料油中硫化物与吸附剂表面活性点相互作用的类型,综述了π络合吸附、S—M配位吸附、酸性位吸附和多活性位吸附等选择性吸附脱硫方式的研究进展。认为通过结合多种选择性吸附原理,制备具有多种活性位的吸附剂,达到深度脱硫过程中高选择性和高吸附容量的目的,是燃料油深度脱硫吸附剂研究和开发的主要方向。     

燃料油中噻吩类硫化物脱除技术研究进展

综述了燃料油中噻吩类硫化物脱除技术的研究进展。认为加氢脱硫技术存在投资大,运行成本高等问题;吸附、氧化、生物等非加氢脱硫技术将成为未来发展的趋势。离子液体脱硫技术将成为噻吩类硫化物非加氢脱除技术的研究热点,工业化前景广阔。     

过氧化叔戊醇对柴油氧化脱硫的工艺优化

以过氧化叔戊醇（TAHP）为氧化剂、MoO3/D 113为催化剂、N-甲基吡咯烷酮（NMP）为萃取剂,对焦化柴油进行氧化-萃取脱硫实验,考察了氧化温度、氧化时间、氧化剂用量、催化剂用量、萃取剂用量等工艺条件对脱硫率的影响.结果表明,最适宜的氧化-萃取脱硫工艺条件如下:氧化温度90 ℃,氧化时间2.5h,氧化剂/柴油（摩尔比）4,催化剂用量0.1g,萃取剂/柴油（体积比）1;在此条件下,柴油中硫化物的脱除率为96.8％,含硫量降至29.7 μg/g,柴油的回收率达98.6％.     

车用燃料油络合脱硫技术的研究进展

车用燃料油络合脱硫相对于现有的其他脱硫技术,具有操作条件缓和、能有效脱除噻吩类硫化物、脱硫率和油品收率高等优势。综述了国内外车用燃料油络合脱硫技术的研究进展,包括π络合吸附脱硫、离子液体脱硫和络合萃取脱硫的作用原理、特点与研究现状,指出了目前各种络合脱硫技术存在的问题,最后提出了车用燃料油络合脱硫技术领域今后研究的方向。     

汽柴油深度脱硫方法及发展现状

阐述了当前国内外对汽柴油中硫含量的要求以及汽柴油中的硫化物特点,结合这些特点对吸附脱硫、萃取脱硫、膜分离、生物技术脱硫、络合沉淀法和催化氧化法等几种深度脱硫方法进行了论述,并且提出了未来汽柴油深度脱硫技术的发展方向.     

Ag/γ-Al2O3催化剂催化氧化深度脱硫及反应动力学模型探索

以噻吩/石油醚模拟油为原料、Ag/γ-Al2O3为催化剂、氧气为氧化剂,研究了催化氧化深度脱硫技术,对催化剂进行了X射线衍射（XRD）和低温氮吸附表征,并考察了催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间和萃取条件对脱硫效果的影响。在噻吩/石油醚模拟油20 mL、Ag/γ-Al2O3催化剂0.12 g、氧化温度70 ℃的反应条件下,氧化50 min后,将得到的产物采用甲醇为萃取剂,在20 ℃、剂油体积比1︰1的条件下萃取30 min,脱硫率达到98.1%。反应动力学研究结果表明,噻吩氧化过程可用一级反应动力学方程式来表示,其表达式为：k＝0.049 45exp[－10 683.4/(RT)]。     

燃料油萃取脱硫技术研究进展

阐述了燃料油中硫化物萃取脱除的原理,综述了国内外萃取脱除燃料油中硫化物的技术进展。萃取脱硫法相对于其它脱硫方法具有操作简单、投资成本低和辛烷值损失小等优点。针对常规酸碱洗涤法和有机溶剂萃取法存在的问题,将新型的离子液体作为溶剂应用于燃料油脱硫的研究中具有非常大的发展前途;膜科学作为一门新的科学,近年来得到了深入的研究,运用膜萃取技术来脱除燃料油中的硫化物是今后科研工作者努力的方向之一;将其它方法与萃取脱硫法进行耦合也具有较大的发展前景。     

Desulfurization of FCC Gasoline by Solvent Extraction and Photooxidation

A deep desulfurization process for FCC light gasoline has been investigated. The process is comprised of liquid-liquid extraction with acetonitrile, and photooxidation with ultraviolet light from a high-pressure mercury lamp. After the extraction the sulfur-containing compounds transfer from the oil to the solvent and then the solvent containing these sulfur compounds was photo-irradiated with ultraviolet light from a high pressure mercury lamp 300 W and with λ 200-300 nm, using strengthen electronic stirrer during the irradiation .The oil from the solvent was recovered with water. An azeotropic mixture (containing 86% acetonitrile and 14% water) was recovered successfully with one distillation column, and can reuse. The total sulfur content in this gasoline decreased from 309 to 68 ppm following 8 h of photo-irradiation .The total yield of the oil vary between 90-96%. The main sulfur compounds of this gasoline are alkyl substituted thiophenes.     

Desulfurization of FCC Gasoline by Solvent Extraction and Photooxidation

Abstract

A deep desulfurization process for FCC light gasoline has been investigated. The process is comprised of liquid-liquid extraction with acetonitrile, and photooxidation with ultraviolet light from a high-pressure mercury lamp. After the extraction the sulfur-containing compounds transfer from the oil to the solvent and then the solvent containing these sulfur compounds was photo-irradiated with ultraviolet light from a high pressure mercury lamp 300 W and with λ 200–300 nm, using strengthen electronic stirrer during the irradiation .The oil from the solvent was recovered with water. An azeotropic mixture (containing 86% acetonitrile and 14% water) was recovered successfully with one distillation column, and can reuse. The total sulfur content in this gasoline decreased from 309 to 68 ppm following 8 h of photo-irradiation .The total yield of the oil vary between 90–96%. The main sulfur compounds of this gasoline are alkyl substituted thiophenes.     

PERCHLOROETHYLENE EXTRACTION DESULFURIZATION OF LOW SULFATE COALS

The perchloroethylene coal refining process utilizes perchloroethylene (PCE) as its solvent in all phases of the precombustion desulfurization process, including wet grinding, organic sulfur removal, gravitational separation of pyrites and mineral matter, and recovery of elemental sulfur (S₈). The Process is capable of producing compliance coal which emits less than 1.2 lb SO_X/MBTU when burnt, starting from 5 mass percent sulfur Midwestern and Eastern U.S. coals. However, the process efficiency was found to be very strongly dependent upon the degree of weathering or the level of coal oxidation. In this paper, perchloroethylene extraction data of fresh, low-sulfate coals are summarized and critically assessed. The extraction efficiency of the organic sulfur removal ranged from 5 to 30 percent for fresh coals, while that for weathered coals ranged from 30 to 60 percent. This study provides a valuable insight into the chemical reaction mechanism of perchloroethylene desulfurization process.     

Application of High Shear Agitation for Desulfurization of Gasoline Using Ionic Liquids

The high shear agitation device was first adopted for gasoline desulfurization by ionic liquids. The effect of benzylimidazol fluoborate in desulfurization of gasoline and the influence of moisture on deuslfurization rate were investigated. The experimental results showed that the ionic liquid could effectively decrease the sulfur content of gasoline and the optimal conditions were as follows: The reaction could be carried out at room temperature, a volumetric ratio between oil and the liquid of 2∶1, a volumetric ratio between water and ionic liquid of 0.04∶1, a rotational speed of 5 krad/s, and a reaction time of 1 minute. The desulfurization rate of gasoline reached 53.6%, and the gasoline yield was up to 97.3%. The ionic liquid could be recycled for repeated use, and the use of high shear agitation for gasoline would have good prospects.     

PERCHLOROETHYLENE EXTRACTION DESULFURIZATION OF LOW SULFATE COALS

ABSTRACT

The perchloroethylene coal refining process utilizes perchloroethylene (PCE) as its solvent in all phases of the precombustion desulfurization process, including wet grinding, organic sulfur removal, gravitational separation of pyrites and mineral matter, and recovery of elemental sulfur (S₈). The Process is capable of producing compliance coal which emits less than 1.2?lb SO_X/MBTU when burnt, starting from 5 mass percent sulfur Midwestern and Eastern U.S. coals. However, the process efficiency was found to be very strongly dependent upon the degree of weathering or the level of coal oxidation. In this paper, perchloroethylene extraction data of fresh, low-sulfate coals are summarized and critically assessed. The extraction efficiency of the organic sulfur removal ranged from 5 to 30 percent for fresh coals, while that for weathered coals ranged from 30 to 60 percent. This study provides a valuable insight into the chemical reaction mechanism of perchloroethylene desulfurization process.     

催化裂化汽油溶剂萃取脱硫工艺的研究

对国内有关炼油厂的催化裂化汽油的硫含量及其分布进行了实验测定,用正辛烷和苯并噻吩作为模拟体系对萃取剂进行了筛选,并对催化裂化汽油溶剂萃取脱硫工艺进行了初步研究。实验结果表明,甘醇类溶剂是汽油脱硫较为理想的萃取溶剂。     

新型离子液体对苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩的萃取性能研究

离子液体是一种优良的绿色溶剂，可应用在石油油品脱硫工艺中，以降低燃油对环境的污染。本文合成了五种新型离子液体[bmim]AlCl4, [bmin]TBP, [bmim]BeS, [bmim]PF6, [bmim]BF4，并将他们用于油品脱硫的模拟体系。比较了五种离子液体萃取性能，结合分子间作用力的理论和价键理论阐述了离子液体萃取脱硫的机理。结果表明，离子液体的萃取性能与其阴离子结构有关，其中[bmim]TBP适宜作萃取脱硫溶剂。苯并噻吩(BT)、二苯并噻吩(DBT)在模拟油品中的初始浓度分别为1000μg/g时，用[bmim]TBP经四级错流萃取和5级逆流萃取，含硫量均能降至50μg/g以下。     

催化裂化柴油氧化萃取脱硫工艺研究

以氧气作氧化剂,甲酸作催化剂,N-甲基吡咯烷酮（NMP）作萃取剂,采用催化氧化反应与溶剂萃取相结合的方法对催化裂化柴油进行了氧化萃取脱硫实验。通过单因素实验考察了催化剂用量,催化氧化温度、时间、氧气压力及萃取剂的用量等对催化裂化柴油硫含量的影响。通过实验得出最适宜的脱硫条件为：反应温度80℃;反应时间90min;充氧压力0．6MPa;催化剂体积分数为10％。经催化氧化,柴油硫质量分数可从1694．2μg/g降到190．8μg/g,脱硫率达到88．7％;在剂油比为1．0和室温条件下,用NMP三级萃取,柴油硫质量分数为37．5μg/g,小于50μg/g,达到欧Ⅳ排放标准的要求。     

ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC ISSUES IN THE USE OF PERCHLOROETHYLENE AS THE SOLVENT IN PERCHLOROETHYLENE COAL CLEANING PROCESS

The Perchloroethylene coal cleaning process effectively removes both organic and inorganic forms of sulfur in coal. Complete recyclability of the solvent is the key to both economic and environmental issues concerning the use of perchloroethylene in this process. Recyclability of the solvent has been fully established by repeated batch operation as well as FTIR structural investigations of solvent molecules. In the current investigation, the solvent has been subjected to various analyses after each stage in the operation i.e., before extraction, after extraction and after distillation. The organic desulfurization is based on an extraction-reaction mechanism and is catalyzed by the mineral matter inherently and naturally present in coal. This paper also aims at studying the role played by the solvent (perchloroethylene) in the extraction process as well as in the catalytic reaction occurring in the system. This paper also presents data on the effect of re-using 'sulfur-rich mother liquor', rich in extracted sulfur, on the organosulfur extraction efficiency. These data are very important from the point of view of process engineering and economics.