静电纺PAN纤维微波活化技术及其吸附性能

介绍了PAN纤维静电纺丝和采用微波进行活化加工的装置和方法。研究了PAN含量对静电纺PAN纤维的影响及纤维活化得率和苯吸附率与微波活化时间之间的关系,并比较了常规PAN基活性炭纤维、粘胶基活性炭纤维以及静电纺PAN纤维的活化得率与苯吸附率,认为利用静电纺PAN纤维可以制得较高得率和较好吸附性能的活性炭纤维。     

活性炭对聚丙烯腈共混熔液流变性的影响

共混是合成纤维改性常用的方法．用活性炭与丙烯脯─氯乙烯共聚体共混制得纺丝溶液,以二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂湿法纺丝制造了吸附和阻燃双功能聚丙烯膊纤维．本文主要探讨了共混溶液中活性炭含量,温度等条件对纺丝溶液流变性能的影响．     

活性炭纤维的甲醛吸附性能研究

基于活性炭纤维、甲醛与水蒸气之间的竞争性吸附原理,探讨活性炭纤维的甲醛吸附性能评价的新方法。研究了活性炭纤维的使用量、吸附温度以及时间对活性炭纤维对吸附甲醛能力的影响。试验结果表明,当活性炭纤维的使用量为0.10 g,测试温度为65℃,测试时间为4 h时,能较为客观评估活性炭纤维的甲醛吸附性能。在此基础上,研究了4种活性炭纤维材料的吸附性能。认为:活性炭纤维的微孔比表面积越大,其产生的吸附力越大,甲醛吸附性能越好。     

PAN基中空活性炭纤维吸附性能的研究进展

活性炭纤维 (ACF)特殊的表面结构 ,使其不但有良好的吸附性能 ,还有很强的反应活性。综述了国内外对活性炭纤维 ,特别是聚丙烯腈基活性炭纤维 (PANACF)吸附性能的研究进展 ;介绍了PAN基中空活性炭纤维的制备及吸附性能 ,对其如何用作医用吸附剂进行了分析和展望。     

活性炭纤维形态对吸附性能的影响

比表面积和孔结构是影响活性炭纤维吸附性能的重要因素。选用相同的活化工艺,制备相似孔结构和比表面积的活性炭毡和活性炭布,讨论在比表面积相近的情况下,活性炭纤维的形态和厚度对吸附性能的影响。结果表明:在一定条件下,活性炭毡的吸附性能略优于活性炭布,活性炭纤维的吸附能力并不随着活性炭织物厚度的增加而线性增强。     

改性棕榈纤维活性炭对活性染料的吸附性能

为了探究棕榈纤维在处理印染废水中的应用,将MgO通过共沉淀-灼烧氧化法负载于棕榈纤维活性炭,利用FE-SEM、FTIR、真密度测定法表明棕榈纤维活性炭孔道及表面存在MgO。通过静态吸附实验,研究了棕榈纤维活性炭改性前后对于活性艳红X-3B染料的吸附性能,考察了不同染料初始浓度下MgO改性棕榈纤维活性炭（MgO/PAC）对染料的吸附动力学,以及在不同pH下对染料的吸附性能。实验结果表明：MgO改性可显著提高吸附性;经镁与碳以摩尔比2.5:1改性的棕榈活性炭对染料活性艳红X-3B的吸附量提高约8倍;MgO改性棕榈纤维活性炭对活性艳红X-3B的吸附符合伪二级动力学模型,颗粒内扩散不是吸附过程的唯一速率控制步骤,整个吸附过程是由多种动力学吸附机理共同作用的结果。     

多孔醋酸纤维素纳米纤维的制备及其对染料的吸附

采用静电纺丝法制备醋酸纤维素纳米纤维,研究了纺丝液溶剂对醋酸纳米纤维形貌结构的影响,并将制备的纳米纤维置于染料中研究其吸附染料的能力。结果表明,通过静电纺丝可成功制备醋酸纤维素纳米纤维,纺丝液溶剂对醋酸纤维纳米纤维形貌结构有较大影响。采用丙酮和二氯甲烷混合溶剂时,制备的纳米纤维表面具有多孔结构,且随着二氯甲烷含量的增加,多孔效果增强,多孔结构的纳米纤维具有良好的吸附染料能力。     

复合静电纺超细聚丙烯腈纳米纤维的制备

为获得比常规静电纺丝纤维直径更细的聚丙烯腈（PAN）纳米纤维,采用复合静电纺丝方法制备了聚丙烯腈/醋酸丁酸纤维素（PAN/CAB）复合纳米纤维,再溶解掉复合纳米纤维中的CAB组分,得到超细PAN纳米纤维并对其进行氨基化改性后用于吸附直接红23（DR23）染料。研究了PAN和CAB的混合比例、纺丝溶液质量分数和纺丝液挤出速度3个因素对所得ＰＡＮ 纳米纤维直径的影响,并比较了常规静电纺和复合静电纺制备出的PAN纳米纤维改性后的染料吸附量。实验结果表明：该方法制得的PAN纳米纤维的平均直径在50~80 nm范围内,其中当PAN和CAB的质量比为15:85、纺丝溶液质量分数为15%、纺丝液挤出速度为1.5 mL/h、纺丝电压为10 kV、接收距离为20 cm时,得到的PAN纳米纤维的平均直径为50 nm;改性后纳米纤维对DR 23的平衡吸附量达833mg/g。     

活性炭纤维对水中靛蓝的吸附性研究

研究了活性炭纤维（ACF）对水中靛蓝的吸附试验。与颗粒状活性炭（GAC）相比，活性炭纤维吸附靛蓝的速度快，在短时间内就能达到平衡。     

放电强化活性炭纤维脱硫研究

活性炭材料用于烟气脱硫具有明显的优势,它既没有二次污染问题．又可以回收硫资源。本文针对国内外对活性炭的一系列研究以及改性方面的研究,提出了一种通过高压放电产生等离子体改性活性炭纤维以提高活性炭纤维对二氧化硫（SO2）吸附性能的新方法。实验研究了放电改性前后活性炭纤维的表面物理性质和化学性质的变化;探讨了放电电压、放电距离等因素对改性后的活性炭纤维脱硫效果的影响．并用吸附量进行表征。     

功能粘胶纤维的耐酸碱性

为定量了解新型功能粘胶的耐酸碱性能,为后续纺织印染加工和产品开发提供必要的参考,文章选取了两种典型的功能粘胶纤维:珍珠粘胶纤维和安芙丽阻燃粘胶纤维,采用不同浓度的氢氧化钠、醋酸溶液进行处理,并测试处理后纤维的断裂强度和断裂伸长率。结果表明,添加阻燃成分和珍珠粉的功能粘胶酸碱处理前后的强度和断裂伸长率均比常规粘胶小。当氢氧化钠浓度达到0.75 mol/L和醋酸浓度2.41 mol/L时,珍珠粘胶和安芙丽阻燃粘胶的强度和伸长率虽有较大损失,但仍有良好的强度和断裂伸长率,分别在1.71 cN/dtex和13.6%以上。     

27—THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY ON THE BIAXIAL-ROTATION FATIGUE OF FIBRES

The use of a new multi-station tester for fatigue-testing textile fibres in a wide variety of environments by the technique of biaxial rotation over a pin is described. This involves the tension-compression of fibres, which are rotated while bent around a pin, and produces breaks commonly found in many usage situations. By means of this apparatus, two common synthetic fibres, polyester fibre and nylon 6, were fatigue-tested in air at various temperatures and humidities. For comparison, experiments were also performed in tap-water and sea-water at different temperatures. The results indicate that the fatigue life of these fibres can be very sensitive to the nature of the external environment.     

24—THE BENDING STRESS-STRAIN PROPERTIES OF SINGLE FIBRES AND THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY

An investigation is described in which bending stress–strain curves of several keratin and synthetic fibres were obtained up to bending strains as high as 20%. These results suggest that low-stress compressive yielding is occurring at the intrados of the synthetic fibres during bending. The keratin fibres, on the other hand, do not appear to yield in compression, if at all, until much higher stresses are reached. The variations in nominal bending moduli of wool, nylon, and Terylene fibres with changes in temperature and relative humidity were also investigated.     

有机溶剂对回收涤纶碱减量废渣中对苯二甲酸的影响

为了有效回收涤纶碱减量废渣中的对苯二甲酸（TPA）,用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）作为溶剂,蒸馏水为析出剂,并以活性炭为除杂脱色剂,通过溶析结晶的方法从碱减量废渣中回收TPA。采用红外光谱、紫外分光光度计和酸值滴定分析了回收产物的基团、纯度和酸值等。结果表明,废渣与DMF和活性炭与废渣合理质量比分别为1:12与0.6:1。回收的TPA产品纯度接近于标准试剂（纯度≥99.0%）,酸值达到了标准试剂酸值的96.43%,回收率达到86.54%。研究表明：采用DMF溶剂能够有效回收碱减量废渣中的TPA。     

高强轻柔防静电阻燃织物的试验研究

针对目前防静电阻燃织物存在的低强、厚重等缺陷，提出一种将高性能纤维、阻燃纤维、导电纤维等3种主功能各异的纤维以混纺和交织的方式形成某种新型织物的方法，进行了有关的试验．结果表明，由于3种纤维的主功能的兼容和互补，使制取的织物试样不仅具有防静电阻燃的防护功能，而且具有高强轻柔的优良服用性能．     

含芳纶系列阻燃防静电织物的研制

使高性能纤维芳纶分别与3种阻燃纤维混纺，并与导电纤维交织形成特定织物，对织物采用特殊染料和工艺进行染色整理．结果表明，所试制的三种织物的阻燃性能、防静电性能、强度及色牢度分别达到了消防员防护服面料、一般阻燃防护服面料和装饰用布等不同层次的要求，从而有望在相关领域获得应用．     

20—WOOL–POLYMER SYSTEMS: THE EFFECT OF ELASTOMERS ON THE WRINKLE-RECOVERY OF WOOL

The wrinkle-recovery of a wool fabric may be improved by coating the fibres with elastomeric polymers. It is shown that, of those polymers investigated, the most effective were found to be polyether–hexamethylene di-isocyanate polyurethanes and cross-linked silicones. Comparison of the wrinkling behaviour of fabrics and individual fibres indicates that the observed improvement in wrinkle-recovery was due to a coupling of the elastic-recovery forces of the polymer with those of the individual fibres, Inter-fibre bonding is thought to have an adverse effect on the wrinkle-recovery.     

37—THE EFFECT OF THE MODE OF DRYING ON THE FRACTURE MORPHOLOGY OF JUTE FIBRES: OBSERVATIONS BY SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

An investigation is described in which the fracture morphology of jute fibre dried by different means after retting was examined by scanning electron microscopy. It was observed that, in directly dried fibres, an initial transverse crack subsequently develops into an extensive longitudinal one. In indirectly dried fibres, the crack propagation is found to be exclusively across the fibres, like that of the brittle fracture of isotropic materials. The difference in the fracture mode is assumed to be due to the difference between the mode of re-formation of hydrogen bonds in the two cases.     

45—OBSERVATIONS ON THE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF ULTIMATE CELLS OF SOME PLANT FIBRES

The tensile stress-strain relations for nine types of vegetable fibre have been measured, with the fibres in the form of (a) the commercial fibres and (b) the ultimate cells extracted from the fibres. Spiral angles were obtained by an X-ray diffraction method. The experimental results are compared with theoretical predictions.