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1.
    
We investigate train accident data in Japan to elucidate the causes and improve the countermeasures for reducing the number of train accidents. We deal with statistical data on train accidents in the last 15 years, including frequency, types such as derailment and crash, causes and consequences. We review the historical trend of train accidents by applying a statistical modeling approach dealing with both serious accident data and total number of accidents. Probability distributions for explaining this train accident data are shown. We show the results of quantitative data analyses on the train accidents, that occurred at the ground‐level crossing and the relationship among utility type of railway company, equipment at the crossing and consequences of the accidents. Probabilistic mathematical models are used in the analyses. Finally, we try to evaluate the effectiveness of the countermeasures for preventing train accidents.  相似文献   

2.
简要介绍中国高速铁路网的发展规划.列举全世界高速铁路在过去运营过程中出现的几次重大脱轨事故并分析其原因,将这些导致列车脱轨的因素定义为列车运行的复杂环境状态.综述复杂环境下列车安全运行的研究现状和建模方法.简要讨论几种传统的脱轨评价准则,并改进基于轮轨几何接触状态的脱轨评价准则.提出一种研究复杂环境下高速列车安全运行的...  相似文献   

3.
利用小波变换和互相关函数分析了列车横向振动与轨道不平顺输入之间关系。轨道不平顺输入引起了列车横向振动, 为了抑制横向振动并预测其变换规律, 需要研究两者之间关系。首先利用Simulink软件建立了列车横向系统模型, 模拟列车横移、侧滚和摇头振动信号; 然后利用小波变换和互相关函数分析了上述三种振动与轨道方向、水平不平顺输入之间关系。仿真结果表明, 水平不平顺与横移和摇头振动之间的互相关函数大于方向不平顺, 而方向不平顺与侧滚振动之间的互相关函数大于水平不平顺。结果证实了水平不平顺是引起列车横移和摇头振动的重要因素, 方向不平顺是引起列车侧滚振动的重要因素。  相似文献   

4.
加工时间扰动时-类排序问题的性能估计   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
研究一类排序问题的扰动分析。首先给出加工时间扰动时间顺序Fm//Cmax问题的性能估计;然后,给出Johnson排法的鲁棒条件,并给出WSPT排法具有鲁棒性的充要条件。  相似文献   

5.
车体振动加速度是反映车辆振动状态及轮轨接触品质的重要参数;基于NARX神经网络,结合车辆动力学模型,构建了轨道不平顺激励下的车辆振动加速度神经网络预测模型;为提高模型的预测精度,运用遍历法确定了网络的时延阶数、隐节点等模型参数;基于车辆系统SIMPACK模型仿真数据的验证结果表明,模型输出与目标输出具有较高的相关性以及较小的均方根误差值,模型能够较好的预测出车体振动加速度的变化趋势;最后采用实测数据进一步验证了模型的预测性能,证明了构建的神经网络模型可以准确预测车体振动加速度输出,并有良好的泛化效果。  相似文献   

6.
轨道的波浪弯曲不平顺是引起列车振动的直接因素。针对波浪不平顺提出了一种新的检测方法。基于经验模态分解的小波脊线法,滤去原始信号的高频部分,再对低频分量进行EMD处理,提取包含了故障信息的固有模态函数分量(IMF)的小波脊线。通过分析小波脊线的时频域,检测出突变信号发生的时刻。对列车在某线路的实测数据分析,研究结果表明,基于EMD的小波脊线法能方便而有效地检测出信号的突变成分,从而准确地识别轨道的不平顺位置。  相似文献   

7.
    
Requirements are the foundation of the software release process. They provide the basis for estimating costs and schedules, as well as developing design and testing specifications. When requirements have been agreed on by both clients and maintenance management, then adding to, deleting from, or modifying those existing requirements during the execution of the software maintenance process impacts the maintenance cost, schedule, and quality of the resulting product. The basic problem is not the changing in itself, but rather the inadequate approaches for dealing with changes in a way that minimizes and communicates the impact to all stakeholders. Using data collected from one organization on 44 software releases spanning seven products, this paper presents two quantitative techniques for dealing with requirements change in a maintenance environment. First, exploratory data analysis helps one to understand the sources, frequency, and types of changes being made. Second, a regression model helps managers communicate the cost and schedule effects of changing requirements to clients and other release stakeholders. These two techniques can help an organization provide a focus for management action during the software maintenance process. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

8.
为解决输电设备检修计划编制中设备自身风险与电网运行风险之间的协调问题,提出了一种基于故障率分级的输电设备检修优化方法.该方法的特征在于按照输电设备故障率指标将其划分为紧急、重要、一般三个等级,通过分析不同等级输电设备检修中的主导风险,优化编制输电设备检修计划,实现设备自身风险与电网运行风险的有效协调.基于IEEE-30节点系统构造的算例表明,该方法不仅能有效消除传统加权综合风险分析方法所存在的关键信息淹没问题,而且有助于降低高故障率设备连锁故障风险,提升电网运行可靠性.  相似文献   

9.
    
Within this paper, the process of statistical safety analysis has been presented, which involves the following steps: formulation of basic principles of statistical safety analysis, initial events analysis, accident sceneries progress analysis, risk calculation, and risk calculation results analysis. On this basis, it has been concluded that the bucket wheel excavator SRs 1200×24/4×0(400kW)+VR safety criteria is the mechanism for the hoist of rotor s arrow failure modes, because in that case whole bucket wh...  相似文献   

10.
张雯  马力  关昕 《计算机工程与设计》2006,27(18):3439-3441
定量风险分析是高质量风险管理中不可或缺的部分,但是传统的关键路径进度分析方法未能有效地考虑项目中的风险。首先引入风险图的概念,使用概率分布来描述项目中的风险,在此基础上详细地论述基于蒙特卡洛模拟技术的进度风险定量分析方法,最后介绍了一种比较成熟的进度风险定量分析工具。从而提供了一套完整的思路实现软件项目进度风险的定量分析,其核心思想也适用于成本风险的定量分析。  相似文献   

11.
The essence of the complex mechanical system can be considered as an open system. There exist coupling relationships between various parts in the system and also between different fault modes, which result in multiple fault propagation paths. Considering the safety, benefits and maintenance loss, parameters such as downtime losses, minimal repair costs, corrective, preventive and opportunistic maintenance costs, should be analyzed comprehensively to investigate the influence of different maintenance strategies.A new risk based opportunistic maintenance (RBOM) model considering failure risk is proposed in the paper. It helps to convert the negative random factors caused by single faults to a favorable opportunity of preventive defense against failure for other slight degraded components in advance, so the overall economic losses could be reduced. The global optimization algorithm is further developed to realize RBOM policy. Case studies are provided to illustrate the proposed approaches, with sensitivity analysis of the position, time, style and criterion of the RBOM strategy. Comparative study with the widely used maintenance policy demonstrates the advantage of the proposed method can significantly reduce the maintenance cost and failure risk, and are expected to bring immediate benefits to the energy industry.  相似文献   

12.
宋春福  周卫东  汪雄海 《计算机工程》2011,37(11):240-241,244
针对城镇排水系统区域泵站调度及其可视化仿真问题,利用模糊控制思想,提出一种以流量进出平衡为基点的区域泵站调度优化策略,依据有色Petri网(CPN)理论,结合排水调度优化过程,建立区域泵站优化调度CPN模型.CPN Tools软件仿真结果表明,该模型动态运行过程符合排水调度控制规律及状态空间分析结果,能实现区域泵站调度...  相似文献   

13.
    
The energy consumption of train operation occupies a large proportion of the total consumption of railway transportation. In order to improve the operating energy utilization rate of trains, a multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MPSO) algorithm with energy consumption, punctuality and parking accuracy as the objective and safety as the constraint is built. To accelerate its the convergence process, the train operation progression is divided into several modes according to the train speed-distance curve. A human-computer interactive particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed, which presents the optimized results after a certain number of iterations to the decision maker, and the satisfactory outcomes can be obtained after a limited number of adjustments. The multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MPSO) algorithm is used to optimize the train operation process. An algorithm based on the important relationship between the objective and the preference information of the given reference points is suggested to overcome the shortcomings of the existing algorithms. These methods significantly increase the computational complexity and convergence of the algorithm. An adaptive fuzzy logic system that can simultaneously utilize experience information and field data information is proposed to adjust the consequences of off-line optimization in real time, thereby eliminating the influence of uncertainty on train operation. After optimization and adjustment, the whole running time has been increased by 0.5 s, the energy consumption has been reduced by 12%, the parking accuracy has been increased by 8%, and the comprehensive performance has been enhanced.  相似文献   

14.
通过在目标空间中利用目标本身信息估算个体k最近邻距离之和,作为个体的密度信息,根据个体的密度信息对群体中过剩的非劣解进行逐个去除,以便更好地维护解的多样性,由此给出了一种基于个体密度估算的多目标优化演化算法IDEMOEA。用这个算法对几个典型的多目标优化函数进行测试。测试结果表明,算法IDEMOEA求解多目标优化问题是行之有效的。  相似文献   

15.
    
Software maintenance management can be improved through explicit consideration of the impact of maintenance efforts on project risk, maintainability risk and usability risks, including functionality, performance, financial and software failure risk. The paper illustrates how to analyse the effect of maintenance on software failure risk. I also show how risk analysis can guide important maintenance decisions: determining whether to redevelop software, prioritizing maintenance efforts, allocating resources and planning release schedules. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

16.
汇总过去若干年的电力设备故障数据,运用大数据分析方法,把故障预测技术引入到预防性维修的实践中,提出一种基于大数据的预防性维修策略。首先,根据由状态检测信息得到剩余寿命的预测结果,以预防性维修时的剩余寿命为阀值制定预防性维修策略。然后,根据更新过程理论,建立以电力设备的预防性维修阀值和预测间隔期为优化变量,综合考虑电力设备维修成本、客户满意度、电量销售、停电损失、维修时机选择等约束条件呢,以电力设备平均维修费用最小和电力设备可用度最大为优化目标的预防性维修优化模型。采用人群搜索算法进行优化求解,得到系统最佳的预防性维修阀值和维修预测间隔期。最后,通过引入算例,对所建模型优化仿真求解,得到电力设备最佳的预测周期,在保证电力设备可用度的同时,使电力设备的平均维修费用最小,验证了所建模型的可行性和有效性,从而提高电力企业的整体效益。  相似文献   

17.
本文基于某地区三年内的电力设备运行和维修数据,对设备发生故障、引起维修费用的概率进行解释,提出一种基于生存分析模型的电力设备维修成本优化方法,分析影响电力设备故障和维修的关键性影响因素。针对大量电力设备的历史运行和维修数据,观察设备从投入生产到发生故障之间的时间间隔,分析设备的众多相关数据特征对于设备故障率的影响,建立Cox比例风险分析模型,并在基准生存率的基础上得到生存率函数,对电力设备的故障率和维修成本做出预测。实验结果表明,本文构建的电力设备维修预测模型能够为电力企业维修决策提供有力的理论依据,解决了电网企业停电成本高、临检频繁、维修不足、维修过度、盲目维修等问题,具有广泛的应用和推广价值。  相似文献   

18.
一种新的雷达目标航迹模拟方法   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
雷达目标模拟航迹产生的数据是进行各种雷达数据处理研究的前提。文章提出了一种基于状态方程的航迹模拟方法,该方法是利用目标运动的状态方程及最优控制理论来进行航迹模拟,最大的优点在于产生的数据符合目标运动的特性,更真实的接近空中目标实际运动的轨迹。仿真实验结果表明了该算法的有效性。  相似文献   

19.
从城市公共空间的概念入手,对城市公共空间中的道路设置、铺装设置、公共设施以及植物配置方面存在的危险、有害因素进行分析、辨识;通过这个总结性研究有助于提出合理可行的设计方案,对有效地预防事故发生,减少财产损失和人员伤亡、伤害,降低事故发生率,具有很好的借鉴作用。  相似文献   

20.
航班时刻是我国治理航班延误、管理空中交通流量最为重要的基础数据之一。针对我国枢纽机场运营高峰时段时刻资源紧张、超负荷运行、放行顺序不合理等情况,分析机场航班运行规律和存在问题,在保证正班航班运输需求的基础上,提出基于历史数据的航班时刻优化模型,并改进匈牙利算法求解,以达到航空公司申请时刻调整量和航班地面等待时间整体最小的目标。结合杭州萧山国际机场历史运行数据,验证了航班时刻优化模型的可行性和适用性,对减少地面延误、提高放行正常率、增加机场容量具有重要作用。  相似文献   

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