新疆罗布麻中多糖提取工艺优化及体外降压调脂活性研究

目的优化新疆罗布麻叶中多糖的提取工艺,研究罗布麻叶粗多糖的体外降压调脂活性。方法选择提取时间、超声功率、料液比进行单因素试验,采用响应面法优化罗布麻叶中多糖的提取工艺。通过红外光谱分析其结构,并研究罗布麻叶中多糖的体外降压、调脂活性。结果罗布麻叶中多糖最佳提取工艺为料液比1:40(m:V),功率400 W,时间100 min,在此条件下,罗布麻叶中多糖含量为0.36%。红外光谱分析显示,罗布麻叶中多糖提取物有α-D-吡喃型多糖,通过体外试验发现罗布麻叶中多糖有明显的降压、调脂活性。结论优化后的工艺简便、合理、可行。罗布麻叶中多糖有降压、调脂活性。     

红曲降压口服液的研制

筛选出高产Monacolin k、低产桔霉素的红曲霉目标菌株,以功能活性物质——Monacolin k为主要指标,对红曲霉固态发酵培养条件及降压活性物质提取条件进行优化,确定最佳培养条件为附加甘油量0.4%,附加硝酸钠量0.2%,装料量50 g/500 mL,32℃培养2 d后28℃培养12 d。超声波提取红曲降压活性物质的最佳工艺为乙醇提取液浓度为45%、浸提温度为65℃、浸提时间为35 min、浸提比为300 mL/（g干曲）。     

刺五加多糖的提取工艺及抗氧化活性研究

目的：研究刺五加多糖(Acanthopanacis senticosi polysaccharides,ASP)的超声提取工艺及不同产地、不同采集时间的刺五加多糖含量及抗氧化活性,确定刺五加的最佳采收地点和时间。方法：采用正交试验优化超声提取工艺参数、苯酚- 硫酸法测定多糖含量;分别用FRAP 法、邻苯三酚自氧化及DPPH 法测定刺五加多糖抗氧化活性。结果：超声提取的最佳工艺条件为：提取温度70℃、提取时间90min、超声功率500W、提取次数3次;不同采集地点的刺五加多糖含量明显不同,其中二参厂产刺五加多糖含量＞大湖产刺五加多糖含量＞兴隆产刺五加多糖含量;而同一采集地点,随着采收时间的推迟,多糖含量在6～8 月呈增加趋势,9 月份以后多糖含量开始下降。抗氧化活性测定结果表明,12 批不同来源的刺五加提取的多糖都具有较好的抗氧化活性,3 种方法测定结果表明二参厂8 月份采集的刺五多糖抗氧化活性最强。结论：优选得到的刺五加超声提取工艺稳定可行;8 月份采自二参厂的刺五加多糖含量和抗氧化活性最高。     

槲寄生总黄酮微波提取工艺及其抗氧化活性研究

目的：优化提取槲寄生总黄酮的最佳工艺条件及测定其体外抗氧化活性。方法：以产品中总黄酮的质量分数为指标,正交试验L9(34)对槲寄生的微波辅助萃取工艺参数进行优化,并测定其体外抗氧化活性。结果：槲寄生总黄酮的最佳提取工艺为乙醇溶液体积分数70%、微波萃取功率500W、固液比1:40(g/mL)、萃取温度70℃,提取率达1.88%。其体外清除DPPH 自由基及·OH 的IC50 值分别为0.036mg/mL 和0.572mg/mL。结论：槲寄生总黄酮抗氧化活性明显,且最佳工艺操作简单快捷,适用于工业化大批量提取槲寄生总黄酮。     

迎春花抑菌活性物提取工艺

目的：优化迎春花花中抑菌活性物质的提取工艺。方法：以抑菌效果为指标,在单因素试验的基础上,确定提取溶剂的体积分数、提取温度和提取时间进行4 因素3 水平正交试验。结果：最佳提取工艺条件为：溶剂为体积分数90% 乙醇溶液,60℃水浴加热2h;提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、藤黄八叠球菌和变形杆菌的的最小抑菌浓度均为0.125g/mL,最小杀菌浓度均为0.25g/mL;提取物经强酸及高温处理后抑菌效果不明显,在碱性环境、紫外光、氧化还原剂处理后抑菌活性稳定;提取物的乙酸乙酯和正丁醇部位具有抑菌活性。结论：本实验所建立的工艺方法可应用于迎春花花中抑菌活性物质的提取。     

微波法提取黑曲霉抑菌成分的条件优化

目的：优化黑曲霉发酵菌丝体中的抑菌成分微波提取法的最佳工艺。方法：以根癌农杆菌T-37作为指示菌,用滤纸片法测定提取液对T-37菌株的抑菌活性,通过正交试验优化微波提取抑菌成分的最佳条件。结果：优选出的最佳提取工艺为：20ml蒸馏水,固液比1：200,中火处理2．5min。结论：抑菌圈直径可达到40．86mm,该工艺简便、可行。     

革命菜黄酮类化合物提取及其抗氧化性研究

目的：优化提取革命菜黄酮类化合物的最佳工艺条件并测定其体外抗氧化性。方法：采用L9(34)正交试验法研究从革命菜中提取黄酮类化合物的最佳提取工艺,考察乙醇体积分数、浸提温度、浸提时间及料液比四因素对提取效率的影响,并测定其体外抗氧化活性。结果：革命菜黄酮类化合物的最佳提取工艺条件为乙醇体积分数70%、浸提温度65℃、浸提时间3.5h、料液比1:30(g/mL)。在最佳工艺条件下,测得革命菜中黄酮类物质提取量为31.88mg/g;革命菜黄酮类化合物对羟自由基具有明显的清除作用,且随着黄酮质量浓度增加,清除能力增强;对超氧阴离子自由基具有一定的抑制作用。结论：革命菜黄酮类合物抗氧化活性明显,具有开发利用价值。     

响应面法优化薄荷叶总黄酮提取工艺及抗氧化活性

目的：确定薄荷叶中总黄酮超声辅助提取最佳工艺条件,并对其抗氧化活性进行评价。方法：在单因素试验基础上,以总黄酮的提取率为指标,响应面法优化其超声提取条件;并通过其总黄酮对羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的清除作用来研究其抗氧化活性。结果：薄荷叶总黄酮的最佳提取条件：乙醇体积分数80%、液料比40:1、提取时间118min、提取温度62℃,此条件下,薄荷叶总黄酮得率达6.11%。薄荷叶总黄酮对羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基有较强的清除作用,并与总黄酮质量浓度呈一定的正相关关系。结论：利用响应面法分析结果可靠,得到了薄荷叶总黄酮超声辅助提取的最佳工艺条件,且实验结果还表明薄荷叶具有较强的抗氧化活性。     

羊肚菌多糖的提取优化及抗氧化活性研究

摘要：目的 对羊肚菌多糖（Morchella esculenta polysaccharides，MEP）的提取工艺进行筛选优化，获得最佳工艺和最佳活性组分。方法 采用热水浸提（Hot water extraction，HWE）、柠檬酸提取（Citric acid extraction，CAE）、碱提（Alkaline solution extraction，ASE）和低共融溶剂提取（Deep eutectic solvent extraction，DESs）4种方法，获得4种多糖（MEP-W、MEP-S、MEP-A和MEP-D），通过比较选出最佳方法，采用响应面设计获得最佳工艺，采用乙醇分级获得三个组分MEP30、MEP60和MEP80，通过自由基清除试验（DPPH· 和·OH）和还原力测定评估其抗氧化活性。结果 HWE为最佳方法，最佳提取工艺为：时间3 h，液料比44∶1（mL/g），温度83.6℃，提取得率为（8.13±0.38）%。MEP80在三个组分中清除·OH能力和还原力最强，EC50和RP0.5AU分别为0.44 mg/mL和1.52 mg/mL，高于其前体物MEP-W。结论 热水浸提为最佳方法，MEP80为抗氧化活性的最佳组分，值得进一步研究。     

西洋参花多糖闪式提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究

目的：研究西洋参花多糖闪式提取的最佳工艺条件及抗氧化活性。方法：以西洋参花为原料,考察提取电压、液料比、提取时间对西洋参花多糖得率的影响,采用响应面法优化西洋参花多糖闪式提取工艺。通过测定西洋参花多糖对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基的清除作用及总还原力,考察西洋参花多糖的抗氧化活性。结果：通过实验得到西洋参花多糖的最佳提取工艺条件为：提取电压：130 V,液料比：30:1 mL/g,提取时间：100 s。在此条件下,西洋参花多糖得率为11.12%±0.23%,与模型预测值相当;西洋参花多糖体外抗氧化显示其对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基清除率的IC₅₀值分别为1.34、1.42 mg/mL,且具有一定还原力。表明西洋参花具有较强的抗氧化活性,且随着多糖浓度的增加,抗氧化活性不断增强。结论：本实验得到的提取工艺条件具有可行性,可用于西洋参花多糖的提取。西洋参花多糖具有较好的抗氧化活性。本研究可为西洋参花的开发利用提供理论依据。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the