水化加入物对镁白云石高温烧结性能及显微结构的影响

研究了Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２及白云石水化泥浆加入物对镁白云石高温烧结性能及显微结构的影响。结果表明，以水化泥浆形式加入的Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２及白云石改善了镁白云石的高温浇结性能，烧结料具有均匀的显微结构，抗水化性能良好。     

技术陶瓷压制粉的喷雾干燥及表面活性剂的应用

本文比较系统介绍电子陶瓷压制粉的喷雾干燥，并为了改善喷雾干燥工艺，对不同制品如：铁氧体、热敏电阻、介电陶瓷等类喷雾泥浆中加入不同表面活性剂，对它的性能影响进行了研究。     

硅溶胶结合浇注料的流变性能研究

对高纯硅溶胶电熔莫来石细粉泥浆的流变性能研究表明：这种泥浆是存在触变结构的高浓度胶溶悬浮体系，在受较低剪切力作用时产生的是粘滞流动，总的表现符合Ｂｉｎｇｈａｍ流变方程。研究还表明：少量超细粉的加入不改变泥浆的流变模型，但能有效地改善其流变性能，不同的超细粉影响力不同，且这种改善作用有一最佳加入量（活性ＳｉＯ２超细粉影响力大于活性Ａｌ２Ｏ３微粉，其最佳加入量分别为２％和１０％），超过这一加入量将导致流变常数上升，使其流变性恶化。     

添加剂对卫生陶瓷泥浆性能的影响

提高和改善泥浆性能是注浆成形陶瓷产品生产过程中的技术关键 ,也是陶瓷工作者长期研究的课题之一。控制泥浆质量从而提高产品质量就要求泥浆有较大的流动性、适宜的触变性、较高的渗透性和坯体干燥强度等性能。改善和提高泥浆性能的方法除了调整泥浆组成外 ,添加适量的外加剂是一种经济、简单易行的方法。本文以湖北省枝城卫生陶瓷厂的泥浆作为研究对象 ,加入不同的添加剂 ,分析添加剂种类、数量对泥浆性能的影响 ,以期得到提高和改善泥浆性能的最佳方案 ,从而指导生产。1　实验本实验泥浆配方和原料由湖北省枝城卫生陶瓷厂提供 ,泥浆化学…     

甘油三酸脂对硅溶胶的分散作用

通过对硅溶胶泥浆的流变性实验确定了硅溶胶泥浆的流变模型，验证并分析了加入少量经过低温氧化过的甘油三酸脂（ＧＴＯ）不改变硅溶胶泥浆的流变模型，但能有效地改善其流变性能。因此，ＧＴＯ可作为硅溶胶结合浇注料的高效减水剂。     

问：卫生陶瓷注浆成形泥浆常用的电解质是什么？为什么其加入量需随季节的变化而调整？

答：电解质是泥浆加工生产中不可或缺的物质，可以调节泥浆的性能。泥浆中电解质的加入量和随着季节的变化调整加入量对泥浆的性能以及坯体的质量有很大的影响。也就是说，电解质对卫生陶瓷的生产是否稳定起到很重要的作用。目前我国生产卫生陶瓷注浆泥浆所用的电解质主要还是水玻璃和纯碱。     

探讨添加剂对南方北方泥浆的作用机理

泥浆性能好坏，直接影响注浆成型，而提高和改善泥浆性能，是注浆成型陶瓷产品生产过程中的技术关键和陶瓷界长期研究的课题之一，本文通过南方北方两类泥浆流变和成形性能的作用效果，研究泥浆添加剂与泥浆性能间相关性的部分结果，并对其作用效果及作用原理进行探讨，得出结论，为国内开发新型高分子添加剂提供有益的理论依据。     

新型添加剂Pc-67在高档白瓷注浆中的应用

笔者公司生产的高档闩瓷注浆产品所出现的粘模、开裂、毛孔等问题，致使产品质量不稳定，严重影响了牛产进度的进行。为了改进泥浆性能，提高产品的质量。笔者在泥浆中试用了新型陶瓷添加剂Pc-67，取得比较理想的效果，泥浆的稳定性和流动性改进比较明显，产品质量也大幅提高。试验表明，当泥料干重为10kg、腐植酸钠加入量为0．1％、P...     

CaCl2对提高泥浆厚化系数的生产试验

1引言在卫生洁具的生产过程中，有时泥浆会出现厚化系数很低的情况，这对生产操作和产品质量都会带来较大的影响。如果通过调整配方和减水剂都达不到较为满意的效果，便可考虑加入触变剂来调节浆料的性能。下面是对加人CaCl2后泥浆性能变化的初步探索。2试验和分析2．1小试为了方便实验，先配制浓度为10％的CaC12溶液，取泥浆1000rnl，用滴152滴时为10nil的滴管还简加人搅拌的泥浆中。CaC12溶液加入后对泥浆的影响如表1所示。从表1可以看出，CaC12加入后对提高泥浆的触变比粘度显著，其中泥浆A、B调节后粘度和触变处于比较满意的状态。…     

制备卫生陶瓷泥浆及釉浆的几点关键技术

叙述了软质粘土的均化、熔剂原料预先细磨的作用和方法，以及加入聚丙烯酸钠、木质素磺酸钙可改善泥浆和坯体的性能。介绍了CMC在釉浆中的直接人磨法、温水预溶解法、分期加入法、联合使用法的应用方法，探讨了提高釉面质量的途径。     

Characterizing Lecithin Interactions in Chocolate Using Interfacial Properties and Rheology

The functionality of chocolate is based on specific properties including how it flows. Cocoa butter and lecithin are two ingredients that help to control the flow properties of melted chocolate. Lecithin is an emulsifier that has been the preferred method of providing yield stress and viscosity control while reducing production costs by decreasing the amount of cocoa butter needed to achieve similar flow results. In this industrially oriented study, soy, sunflower, and dairy lecithin were compared by quantifying interfacial and rheological properties of lecithin in dark chocolate. Each lecithin source was added up to the 1.0% limit, which is the emulsifier maximum set forth by the Code of Federal Regulations. The compositions of each lecithin source were analyzed for total phospholipid composition, which were used to normalize data based on the total added phosphatides added for all samples. Differences in both phosphatide composition and fatty acid composition were found. Both interfacial tension between oil and water phases and contact angle between a cocoa butter drop and flat sucrose crystal surface decreased as the phosphatide concentration increased for each lecithin source. In terms of rheology, the yield stress first decreased with increasing lecithin content and then began to increase, whereas plastic viscosity continually decreased with addition of lecithin. Significant differences were seen for the different lecithin sources, even when compared on an equivalent phosphatide content. No correlations were found between interfacial properties and yield stress; however, direct correlations were found between both interfacial measures and plastic viscosity.     

Egg-yolk lipid fractionation and lecithin characterization

Egg-yolk lecithin has phospholipid (PL) classes and a FA composition that differ from soybean lecithin and may have unique functional properties. The purposes of this research were to develop an effective method for extracting a sufficient amount to lecithin from fresh egg yolks and to evaluate its functional properties. Ethanol was used to dehydrate and partially extract the PL, after which hexane was used to extract the total lipids. A phase separation of the combined extracts resulted in neutral and polar lipid fractions. An acetone precipitation of PL from the final polar lipid fraction was necessary to remove the residual neutral lipids, especially cholesterol. The purity of PL in the lecithin product was 95%. Surface tension reduction, emulsion stability, and oxidative stability studies were conducted to characterize the functional properties of egg-yolk lecithin. Egg-yolk lecithin and soy lecithin had similar surface activities, as evaluated by the surface tension reduction in an aqueous system and the critical micelle concentration. Soybean lecithin created a more stable emulsion than egg-yolk lecithin. However, egg-yolk lecithin was more oxidatively stable than soybean lecithin.     

Investigation of nanovesicle liposome powder production from soy lecithin by spray drying

ABSTRACT

Aiming to produce stable nanosize liposome vesicles (～100?nm), in a powder form, this study investigated the use of combined microfluidization–spray drying processes, using lactose as a stabilizing agent for vesicles during the process of dehydration. To determine the effective amount of lactose for stabilization, the vesicles were prepared at three different ratios (1:1, 1:3, and 1:5) of lecithin:lactose. The physicochemical properties of the nanoliposome powder and its reconstituted solution with water were evaluated over a storage period of 90 days at water activity below 0.3. The results demonstrated that upon addition of appropriate amount of lactose (1:3 or 1:5 of lecithin:lactose ratio), the aggregation of nanoliposomes was prevented and their size was maintained at lower than 130?nm during storage. Peroxide values of all nanoliposome formulations during the storage period remained below 3?meq/kg and there was no change in L*, a*, b* color parameters. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed over-representation of lecithin on the power particle surface as compared to the bulk composition.     

Synthesis and characterization of polylactic acid-lecithin-starch bioplastic film

Plastic-induced environmental issues could be solved using biomaterials, such as polylactic acid (PLA) film. PLA film is a costly solution suggesting the need to add less expensive starch. However, PLA and starch do not mix due to their diverging water behavior. In this study, we evaluated the impact of lecithin as a compatibilizer in varying ratio of PLA and starch film. The results show that inclusion of lecithin in PLA/starch composite leads to enhanced mechanical properties compared with the composite without lecithin. All films' thermal properties were stable but the thermograph of PLA/starch display two peaks whose distance is impacted by lecithin. In addition, morphology and functional group fingerprints revealed that the addition of lecithin improved the interfacial adhesion between the two polymers. Lecithin influenced the positioning and dispersion pattern of starch granules and distinct transmittance characteristics. The improved compatibility of PLA/starch makes the resulting films less susceptible to water penetration and dissolution. This work demonstrated the possibility of using lecithin as emulsifier between PLA and starch which could expand the application of PLA/starch film especially in packaging industries and bale net wrapping.     

Die antioxidativen Eigenschaften von Lecithin

Antioxidizing Properties of Lecithin In various storage trials with sunflower oil and lard the antioxidizing properties of crude soybean lecithin as well as of its alcohol soluble and alcohol insoluble fraction could be proved. The addition of a very small quantity of these phospholipids to the oil after the refining process (prior to this process crude oil contains approx. 2–3% lecithin) improves the stability of these oils. The antioxidizing properties of phospholipids depend on: 1. composition of phospholipids, 2. tocopherol content of the oil. In our trials the alcohol soluble fraction of soybean lecithin performed the best antioxidizing results in sunflower oil by adding not less than 1%. In lard the same effect could already be reached with 0.1% of this fraction. As shown before, lecithin with a special phospholipid composition has antioxidizing properties and its addition in small quantities is beneficial to increase the stability of oils and fats. In new Japanese literature soybean saponines are the most favoured antioxidizing agents. Our trials did not confirm the results of these publications.     

卵磷脂改善瘠性料浆悬浮性的研究

注浆成型是一种应用广泛的陶瓷成型工艺 ,但要浇注出密度高、微观结构均匀的坯体 ,配制稳定性好的浆料悬浮液是关键之一。瘠性料浆由于不具亲水性 ,通常较难获得稳定的浆料 ,而卵磷脂是天然的两性表面活性剂 ,既存在极性基 ,又存在非极性基 ,固体颗粒可以通过卵磷脂的吸附、表面改性使料浆悬浮。本文以氧化铝浆料为例进行了添加卵磷脂改善与提高瘠性料浆的悬浮性的研究 ,并获得了良好的效果     

Effects on aqueous barium titanate tape properties of passivation of barium ion leaching by using dispersants

To passivate a barium titanate (BaTiO₃) ceramic powder surface from Ba²⁺ ion leaching in water, passivation agent layer (PAL) was formed by drying the slurry after adding a commercial polymeric dispersant. By following the several characteristic steps of actual MLCC production process, slip and green properties were compared for two different polymer-adding modes; one is the PAL and the other is the conventional dispersant mode. Compared to the conventional dispersant adding method, PAL mode was the only effective way in reducing the amount of Ba²⁺ leaching. However, slip viscosity and green body properties were not a function of adding mode but a function of dispersant itself, which means using PAL did not deteriorate any of slip and green properties of BaTiO₃.     

Characterization of phospholipids from glyphosate-tolerant soybeans

The phospholipids from three control and two glyphosate-tolerant soybean cultivars were isolated by extraction of soy flakes with hexane and characterized after separation by high-pressure liquid chromatography. In addition, several lots of commercial fluid lecithin were analyzed and the results were compared to values published in the literature. Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidic acid were identified as major components in these cultivars and in the commercial lecithin samples. The results showed that glyphosate-tolerant soybeans yield lecithin comparable and equivalent to conventional soybean cultivars.     

紫外光固化含硫密封剂的制备及性能

以聚硫代醚橡胶为基础胶,利用Thiol-ene点击反应制备了紫外光固化含硫密封剂。考察了光引发剂种类和用量以及烯烃种类、多元硫醇种类等对硫化后密封剂力学性能、热分解温度、玻璃化转变温度的影响。结果表明,相比于光引发剂184,光引发剂1173的固化效果更好,固化后的密封剂热稳定性更佳,且随着光引发剂用量的增加,密封剂的力学性能和热稳定性均下降,光引发剂1173的用量宜为0.03份（质量,下同）。采用三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯（TPGDA）作为固化剂固化的聚硫代醚密封剂力学性能较好,而且随着TPGDA用量的增加,密封剂的力学性能和热稳定性均上升,TPGDA的用量宜为1.00份。多官能度硫醇的加入可提高密封剂的交联度及玻璃化转变温度。     

PROPERTIES OF ENAMEL SLIPS: I,GENERAL PROPERTIES OF CLAYS AND ENAMEL SLIPS*

Five clays used to suspend porcelain enamels and their properties were studied. Fundamental data were first obtained on the clays, which were then milled in different proportions with several types of porcelain enamel frits. The properties of the resulting slips were studied. The pickup weight, that is, the amount of enamel retained on a ground-coated plaque which had been dipped in the slip and allowed to drain, was used as a basis of comparison.