Laying the foundations for a World Wide Argument Web

This paper lays theoretical and software foundations for a World Wide Argument Web (WWAW): a large-scale Web of inter-connected arguments posted by individuals to express their opinions in a structured manner. First, we extend the recently proposed Argument Interchange Format (AIF) to express arguments with a structure based on Walton's theory of argumentation schemes. Then, we describe an implementation of this ontology using the RDF Schema Semantic Web-based ontology language, and demonstrate how our ontology enables the representation of networks of arguments on the Semantic Web. Finally, we present a pilot Semantic Web-based system, ArgDF, through which users can create arguments using different argumentation schemes and can query arguments using a Semantic Web query language. Manipulation of existing arguments is also handled in ArgDF: users can attack or support parts of existing arguments, or use existing parts of an argument in the creation of new arguments. ArgDF also enables users to create new argumentation schemes. As such, ArgDF is an open platform not only for representing arguments, but also for building interlinked and dynamic argument networks on the Semantic Web. This initial public-domain tool is intended to seed a variety of future applications for authoring, linking, navigating, searching, and evaluating arguments on the Web.     

On the World Wide Web

ABSTRACT

An analysis of Web citations was performed to examine three aspects of scholarly and research communication: use of authoritative information, use of correct citation style, and availability of the cited sources for the purpose of verification. Results of the study indicate that a database or a repository of Web citations needs to be established.     

The World Wide Web

Abstract

The World Wide Web is increasingly being used by libraries as a way to extend traditional services to patrons. The Web can also be used as a tool to facilitate communications between library professionals and to deliver presentations, organize exhibits, and develop demonstration projects. The allocation of personal Web work space on a library server provides librarians with a means to experiment with using the medium and a place to publish information of interest to the library profession. This paper explores the uses of the Web to enhance communications between library professionals and addresses some of the issues associated with such uses.     

BASAR: a framework for integrating agents in the World Wide Web

At GMD's Human Computer Interaction Research Division, we are working on a system called BASAR (Building Agents Supporting Adaptive Retrieval). BASAR, a Smalltalk-based program that runs on Unix platforms, involves intelligent agents that actively support construction and management of a user's personal information space. Possible agent tasks include supporting navigation and browsing; simplifying information retrieval; sorting, organizing, and indexing user-jobs; and filtering information from large databases. BASAR's interface is based on the concept of indirect management. That is, computer agents support human users in a cooperative process where both agents and users can initiate communication, monitor events, and perform tasks     

ANATAGONOMY: a personalized newspaper on the World Wide Web

This paper describes a personalized newspaper on the World Wide Web (WWW), called ANATAGONOMY. The main feature of this system is that the newspaper is personalized without asking the users to specify their preferences explicitly. The system monitors user operations on the articles and reflects them in the user profiles. Differently from conventional newspapers on the WWW, our system sends an interaction agent implemented as a Java applet to the client side, and the agent monitors the user operations and creates each user's newspaper pages automatically. The server side manages user profiles and anticipates how interesting an article would be for each user. The interaction agent on the client side manages all the user interactions, including the automatic layout of pages. Our system has page multiple layout algorithms and the user can switch from one view to another anytime, according to the preference or machine environment. On one of the views, the user can even see all the articles sequentially without performing any operations. We evaluated a scheme in which the user scores each article explicitly, and a scheme in which all the personalization is done automatically. The results show that automatic personalization works well when some parameters are set properly.     

Structured Cooperative Authoring for the World Wide Web

Alliance is a structured cooperative authoring application that allowspeople spread out across different locations to work together on documentproduction and maintenance. It uses the World Wide Web as an infrastructureto accomplish distributed document management, asynchronous group awareness,and communication and cooperation among distributed authors. A particularfeature of Alliance is that it can handle temporary disconnections from thenetwork without disrupting the cooperative editing. In this article wereport our experience in designing and implementing Alliance, focusing onthe mechanisms that needed to be developed in order to support cooperativeauthoring using the Web.     

InfoMonitor: unobtrusively archiving a World Wide Web server

It is important to provide long-term preservation of digital data even when those data are stored in an unreliable system such as a filesystem, a legacy database, or even the World Wide Web. In this paper we focus on the problem of archiving the contents of a Web site without disrupting users who maintain the site. We propose an archival storage system, the InfoMonitor, in which a reliable archive is integrated with an unmodified existing store. Implementing such a system presents various challenges related to the mismatch of features between the components such as differences in naming and data manipulation operations. We examine each of these issues as well as solutions for the conflicts that arise. We also discuss our experience using the InfoMonitor to archive the Stanford Database Groups Web site.     

WISE: a World Wide Web resource database system

The paper describes the World Wide Web Index and Search Engine (WISE) for Internet resource discovery. The system is designed around a resource database containing meta information about WWW resources and is automatically built using an indexer robot, a special WWW client agent. The resource database allows users to search for resources based on keywords, and to learn about potentially relevant resources without having to directly access them. Such capabilities can significantly reduce the amount of time that a user needs to spend in order to find the information of his/her interest. We discuss WISE's main components: the resource database, the indexer robot, the search engine, and the user interface, and through the technical discussions, we highlight the research issues involved in the design, the implementation and the evaluation of such a system     

Volume leases for consistency in large-scale systems

This article introduces volume leases as a mechanism for providing server-driven cache consistency for large-scale, geographically distributed networks. Volume leases retain the good performance, fault tolerance, and server scalability of the semantically weaker client-driven protocols that are now used on the Web. Volume leases are a variation of object leases, which were originally designed for distributed file systems. However, whereas traditional object leases amortize overheads over long lease periods, volume leases exploit spatial locality to amortize overheads across multiple objects in a volume. This approach allows systems to maintain good write performance even in the presence of failures. Using trace-driven simulation, we compare three volume lease algorithms against four existing cache consistency algorithms and show that our new algorithms provide strong consistency while maintaining scalability and fault-tolerance. For a trace-based workload of Web accesses, we find that volumes can reduce message traffic at servers by 40 percent compared to a standard lease algorithm, and that volumes can considerably reduce the peak load at servers when popular objects are modified     

Caching on the World Wide Web

With the recent explosion in usage of the World Wide Web, the problem of caching Web objects has gained considerable importance. Caching on the Web differs from traditional caching in several ways. The nonhomogeneity of the object sizes is probably the most important such difference. In this paper, we give an overview of caching policies designed specifically for Web objects and provide a new algorithm of our own. This new algorithm can be regarded as a generalization of the standard LRU algorithm. We examine the performance of this and other Web caching algorithms via event- and trace-driven simulation     

WWW上的缓存技术

WWW上的缓存技术被认为是改进Web性能的有效技术之一,总观了缓存系统所要解决的问题,针对需要解决的问题,总结了目前为止所提出的各种缓存策略,最后概括了理想的WWW缓存系统应该具备的性能指标。     

Mosaic and the World Wide Web

The World-Wide Web, an information service on the Internet, uses hypertext links to other textual documents or files. Users can click on a highlighted word or words in the text to provide additional information about the selected word(s). Users can also access graphic pictures, images, audio clips, or even full-motion video through hypermedia, an extension of hypertext. One of the most popular graphics-oriented browsers is Mosaic, which was developed at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) as a way to graphically-navigate the WWW. Mosaic browsers are currently available for Unix workstations running X Windows, PCs running Microsoft Windows, and Macintosh computers. Mosaic can access data in WWW servers, Wide Area Information Servers (WAIS), Gopher servers, Archie servers, and several others. The World-Wide Web is still evolving at a rapid pace. Distributed hypermedia systems on the Internet will continue to be an active area of development in the future. The flexibility of the WWW design, its use of hyperlinks, and the integration of existing WAIS and Gopher information resources, make the WWW ideal for future research and study. Highly interactive multimedia applications will require more sophisticated tools than currently exist. The most significant issue that needs to be resolved is the mismatch between WWW system capabilities and user requirements in the areas of presentation and quality of service     

World Wide Web概述

随着网络化时代的到来,人们越来越关注Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ上的各种功能,为此本文对基于Ｉｎｙｔｅｒｎｅｔ的ＷＷＷ网的组织,浏览器,地址编排和工作原理作了简要的概述。     

Enhancing a Newspaper Collection Using the World Wide Web

Abstract

Serial cancellations have reduced the print newspaper collection at the University of Toledo (UT) Library by about one third since 1990. In the meantime, the number of newspapers publishing on the World Wide Web has skyrocketed, prompting UT to investigate accessing newspapers online. The immediate goal of this project is to provide library users with access to online versions of cancelled print newspapers, and eventually to enhance the collection even further with additional electronic newspapers. This article examines the trends in online newspaper publishing, researches the availability of Web sites in relation to the UT newspaper collection, critically reviews the sites found, and discusses the issues surrounding access to an online collection.     

A Multimedia Presentation Toolkit for the World Wide Web

This paper describes the design and implementation of MPRES, a Multimedia Presentation Toolkit for the WWW. The WWW has seen phenomenal growth over the last couple of years. It has become a vast repository of multimedia information that is accessible to virtually anyone having a browser. MPRES is a multimedia presentation system that allows a user to compose and render a presentation consisting of objects referenced by their URLs (Uniform Resource Locators). It uses the concept of dynamic documents to render on a WWW browser, a sequence of multimedia scenarios, having objects of types such as audio, image, plaintext, HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) document and animation. MPRES Author, the authoring subsystem, allows the user to interactively test and compose such a presentation, using the Netscape Navigator to collect multimedia resources from the WWW. A presentation database stores the presentations and provides a convenient frontend for accessing them. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons,Ltd.     

Toward support for hypermedia on the World Wide Web

As organizations rush to embrace the World Wide Web as their primary application infrastructure, they should not bypass the benefit of hypermedia support. The Web's infrastructure can serve as an interface to all interactive applications and, over time, will become the graphical user interface model for new applications. Ubiquitous hypermedia support should become the jewel of the Web environment. Through Web integration, hypermedia could become an integral part of every interactive application. With the proper tools to support hypermedia in Web application development, it will become second nature for developers and individual authors to provide supplemental links and hypermedia navigation. However, as organizations adopt the Web as their primary application infrastructure, designers may use Java and other tools to recreate current application functionality, and not take advantage of the Web's hypermedia-augmented infrastructure. If users, designers, MIS departments and organizations don't demand hypermedia support, hypermedia may get lost in the frenzy of Web integration     

Moving happily through the World Wide Web

Looks at some practical approaches to improving the process of interacting with information distributed over the global information infrastructure, specifically for the World Wide Web. The introduction of NCSA Mosaic changed the way we get information over the Web. With the click of a button, Mosaic's graphical user interface made it possible to browse and retrieve literally any information accessible through the Web. This is true if you know the document's Universal Resource Locator (URL), an identifier expressing its location. You type in this address and sooner or later (depending on document size and traffic at the time), the document appears on your screen. If you do not know the URL, or even which documents contain the requested information, you might want to browse or search the Web. Interacting with information on the Web starts with browsing and searching; continues with selecting, digesting and assimilating information; terminates with generating new information; and begins anew. The user's needs and desires must occupy center stage during development of Web systems and sites. The approach chosen should let users interact easily and effectively with the information contained throughout large arrays of documents. Visualization, computer graphics, and just plain common sense in designing Web pages and presenting information make the process better for users. This article discusses how to construct effective presentations (Web pages)     

互联网中隐私权的问题研究及其保护策略

随着互联网的广泛使用，有关互联网的各种问题引起了人们广泛的重视，其中，隐私权保护问题是焦点之一。本文首先提出了Internet上的隐私以问题，指出对隐私权侵犯的具体形式。接着，从社会生产方式的转变及社会交换关系方面分析了这一问题，指出其根本原因。最后，从技术方面，给出目前几种保护个人隐私权的方法。