The resistance of compressed spun concrete members reinforced by high-strength steel bars

The expediency of using precast spun concrete columns and other members of annular cross sections reinforced by high-strength steel bars is discussed. Test material properties and production, curing and testing procedures, response factors and ultimate compressive stresses of plain and reinforced spun concrete specimens are presented. The strength and strain features of compressed tubular reinforced concrete members are considered. Modeling of a bearing capacity of eccentrically loaded members of annular cross sections is based on the concepts of bending with an concentrical force and compression with a bending moment. The comparison of modeling and test data of concentrically and eccentrically loaded members is analysed.     

Behavior of square concrete columns reinforced with Prefabricated Cage System

Behavior of normal strength concrete columns reinforced with a new reinforcement, termed Prefabricated Cage System (PCS) is investigated. A total of 16 small-scale PCS and rebar reinforced column specimens were constructed and tested under monotonic axial displacement. The experimental results indicate that the overall behavior of rebar and PCS reinforced specimens are comparable prior to achieving the peak column load. In general, PCS specimens are more ductile and absorb more energy than similar rebar specimens after the peak load is reached. The effect of different parameters, such as the steel tube thickness, number of longitudinal reinforcements, transverse steel spacing, and crossties on the specimens’ strength and deformation capacity are investigated. A confined concrete model is proposed and used to predict the load–displacement response. The theoretical load–displacement relations obtained from the proposed model are compared with those obtained from the Mander et al. (J Struct Eng 114(8):1804–1826, 1988) confinement model.     

Analysis of geopolymer concrete columns

Ordinary portland cement (OPC) has been traditionally used as the binding agent in concrete. However, it is also necessary to search for alternative low-emission binding agents for concrete to reduce the environmental impact caused by manufacturing of cement. Geopolymer, also known as inorganic polymer, is one such material that uses by-product material such as fly ash instead of cement. Recent research has shown that fly ash-based geopolymer concrete has suitable properties for its use as a construction material. Since the strength development mechanism of geopolymer is different from that of OPC binder, it is necessary to obtain a suitable constitutive model for geopolymer concrete to predict the load–deflection behaviour and strength of geopolymer concrete structural members. This article has investigated the suitability of using an existing stress–strain model originally proposed by Popovics for OPC concrete. It is found that the equation of Popovics can be used for geopolymer concrete with minor modification to the expression for the curve fitting factor, to better fit with the post-peak parts of the experimental stress–strain curves. The slightly modified set of stress–strain equations was then used in a non-linear analysis for reinforced concrete columns. A good correlation is achieved between the predicted and measured ultimate loads, load–deflection curves and deflected shapes for 12 slender test columns.     

型钢再生混凝土偏压柱受力性能试验及承载力计算

为了研究型钢再生混凝土柱在偏心压力作用下的力学性能,设计9个试件进行偏心受压单调加载试验,考虑了再生骨料取代率、相对偏心距2个变化参数。通过试验,观察了该类新型构件的受力破坏过程及形态,获取了应力分布、变形情况、极限承载力、荷载-变形全过程曲线、再生混凝土受压破坏极限压应变值等重要数据;并分析了取代率和相对偏心距对试件极限承载力的影响规律。研究结果表明:型钢再生混凝土柱的偏压破坏过程及形态与一般型钢混凝土柱相似,根据偏心距的不同,表现为大偏心受压破坏和小偏心受压破坏两种形态,试件极限承载力随着相对偏心距的增大而减小,而再生骨料取代率的变化对承载力的影响作用不明显。基于修正平截面假定推导了型钢再生混凝土偏压柱的正截面极限承载力计算公式,计算值与试验值吻合较好。     

高轴压比配筋PVA纤维增强混凝土柱抗震性能试验研究

为提高钢筋混凝土柱在高轴压比下的抗震性能,采用聚乙烯醇（PVA）纤维增强混凝土代替普通混凝土是可选择的措施之一。设计6个剪跨比为4的钢筋混凝土柱试件,其中4个试件采用PVA纤维增强混凝土,另外2个对比试件采用普通混凝土,进行拟静力试验以研究高轴压比下的抗震性能。通过改变轴压比和纤维掺量,在水平循环往复荷载作用下,观测试件裂缝开展及破坏过程,研究滞回性能、骨架曲线、延性性能及耗能能力。试验结果表明:高轴压比下,PVA纤维增强钢筋混凝土柱破坏时,裂缝开展缓慢,纤维的桥接作用有效地抑制了裂缝的开展;纤维增强混凝土柱主要表现为延性破坏模式,极限位移角约为普通混凝土柱的1.47倍~1.53倍,表明其具有良好的塑性变形能力和损伤容限;PVA纤维增强钢筋混凝土柱的耗能比约为普通混凝土柱的1.82倍~1.95倍,表明其耗能能力显著提高,抗震性能优越。     

喷射FRP加固震损钢筋混凝土柱抗震性能试验

通过12组72件喷射纤维/树脂复合材料(FRP)试样的拉伸强度试验,研究了纤维种类、树脂基体材料、纤维体积分数、纤维混杂比及纤维长度等因素对喷射FRP拉伸强度、弹性模量和断裂伸长率等性能的影响。通过8根钢筋混凝土(RC)柱试件的拟静力试验,研究了喷射玄武岩纤维/树脂复合材料(BFRP)和混杂玄武岩-碳纤维/树脂复合材料(BF-CFRP)加固震损RC柱的抗震性能,分析了喷射FRP层厚度、纤维混杂比、柱预损程度和柱轴压比等对加固试件的极限承载力、抗侧变形能力、刚度退化特征和滞回特性的影响。结果表明:玻璃纤维与乙烯基酯树脂基体的协同工作性能最优,而玄武岩纤维具有耐久性高、延性好、与乙烯基酯树脂基体协同工作性能好等优良性能,可以作为玻璃纤维的良好替代品;玄武岩纤维混杂少量比例的碳纤维作为树脂基体增强材料,可以有效提高喷射FRP的拉伸强度和变形性能;震损RC柱经喷射FRP加固后,可以基本恢复其震损前设计极限承载力,并有效提高其延性和耗能能力。该加固方法可以对地震区已震损RC柱进行快速加固,有效防止整体结构在余震中发生倒塌等严重破坏。      

单轴对称十字型钢混凝土中长柱偏压性能试验研究

为研究单轴对称十字型钢混凝土中长柱偏心受压性能,进行8根单轴对称十字型钢混凝土中长柱偏压试验,分别研究不同加载方向十字型钢偏心率和荷载偏心率对试件破坏模式、侧向挠度、荷载-挠度曲线和极限承载力的影响规律,建立该组合柱正截面受压承载力计算方法。结果表明:根据荷载偏心率的不同,组合柱表现出小偏心受压破坏和大偏心受压破坏两种形态,组合柱截面应变符合平截面假定。正向偏心时,十字型钢偏心率增大,试件极限承载力和变形能力小幅降低;负向偏心时,十字型钢偏心率对发生小偏心受压破坏的试件偏压性能影响较小,发生大偏心受压破坏的试件极限承载力随十字型钢偏心率增加略有提高;荷载偏心率增大,试件初始刚度和极限承载力降低。将单轴对称十字型钢偏于安全地换算成H型钢,采用规范JGJ 138?2016计算换算截面试件偏压承载力,计算结果偏于保守,采用该文提出的方法计算的试件偏压承载力与试验值吻合较好。     

Effects of polymer–cement ratio and accelerated curing on flexural behavior of hardener-free epoxy-modified mortar panels

This experimental study reports the applicability of hardener-free epoxy-modified mortar panels to permanent forms as precast concrete products. Hardener-free epoxy-modified mortars are mixed using a Bisphenoal A-type epoxy resin without any hardener with various polymer–cement ratios and steel fiber reinforcement, and subjected to different curings. Hardener-free epoxy-modified mortar panels are prepared with same polymer–cement ratios and steel fiber reinforcement on trial, and tested for flexural behavior under four-point (third-point) loading. The effects of polymer–cement ratios and curings on strength properties of hardener-free epoxy-modified mortars, and on the flexural strength, flexural stress-extreme tension fiber strain relation, flexural load–deflection relation of hardener-free epoxy-modified mortar panels were examined. The adhesion in tension (to placed concrete) of the hardener-free epoxy-modified mortar panels was also tested. As a result, the hardener-free epoxy-modified mortar panels develop a high flexural strength, large extensibility and good adhesion to the placed concrete. The epoxy-modified mortar panels are more ductile and have high load-bearing capacity than unmodified mortar panels and can be used as precast concrete permanent forms in practical applications.     

The behaviour of FRP wrapped HSC columns under different eccentric loads

The majority of columns are subjected to a combination of an axial load and a bending moment in one or two directions. With a few exceptions, most of the research in the area of FRP wrapped columns have concentrated on the behaviour of concentrically loaded columns. This paper presents results of testing nine reinforced high strength concrete columns. The column specimens are circular in shape with 205 mm diameter and 925 mm height. Concrete compressive strength was 65 MPa. All columns were reinforced with steel. Three columns were not wrapped, three columns were wrapped with three layers of carbon FRP and three columns were wrapped with three layers of E-Glass FRP. From each of the three groups, one column was tested concentrically, one column was tested with a 25 mm eccentric load and one column was tested with a 50 mm eccentric load. Results of testing the columns have shown that the carbon FRP is most effective in increasing the strength and ductility of columns.     

部分预制装配型钢混凝土柱火灾后偏压试验研究

通过6个试件的火灾后偏压试验以及1个试件的常温下偏压试验,对配置活性粉末混凝土外壳的部分预制装配型钢混凝土（Partially Precast Steel Reinforced Concrete,PPSRC）柱和空心预制装配型钢混凝土（HollowPrecast Steel Reinforced Concrete,HPSRC）柱的火灾及火灾后偏压性能进行了对比分析。研究了受火时间、偏心率和核心混凝土强度对PPSRC柱及HPSRC柱的火灾下内部温度分布及火灾后剩余承载力、变形能力等方面的影响,并基于试验结构,对火灾下试件截面温度场进行了数值模拟分析。试验结果表明:火灾升温过程中试件截面测点温度存在明显的温度平台,火灾后试件的活性粉末混凝土外壳未发生爆裂现象,混凝土对型钢具有较好保护作用;模拟结果表明,截面温度及温度变化幅度由表及里逐渐降低,核心混凝土受到良好保护作用,温度相对较低;在偏压荷载下,火灾后试件的偏心受压破坏过程以及破坏形态和常温下类似,剩余承载力随火灾升温时间的增长和偏心率的增大而降低,随核心混凝土强度的增大而升高,试件的延性随核心混凝土的强度增大而增大。     

侵蚀环境下FRP条带加固锈蚀钢筋混凝土圆柱轴心受压试验

通过侵蚀环境下碳纤维增强聚合物(CFRP)复合材料条带和玻璃纤维增强聚合物(GFRP)复合材料条带加固锈蚀钢筋混凝土圆柱试验,分析了侵蚀环境对混凝土强度、纤维增强聚合物基复合材料加固锈蚀柱的极限荷载和荷载-轴向位移曲线的影响。结果表明,混凝土强度受冻融环境影响较大,受干湿环境影响较小;纤维增强聚合物(FRP)复合材料加固锈蚀柱的轴向极限荷载与冻融循环次数、钢筋锈蚀率及FRP复合材料种类有关,随冻融循环次数分别增加到25次、50次、75次,GFRP复合材料条带和CFRP复合材料条带加固锈蚀钢筋混凝土圆柱的轴向极限荷载分别降低了10.97%、13.37%、16.04%和5.95%、4.66%、4.33%;FRP复合材料加固锈蚀柱的刚度和耗能受侵蚀环境种类、侵蚀环境作用次数、锈蚀率及FRP复合材料种类的影响。在试验研究的基础上,通过理论分析侵蚀环境下混凝土强度损伤系数和锈蚀钢筋强度退化方程,提出了侵蚀环境下FRP复合材料条带加固锈蚀钢筋混凝土圆柱轴心受压承载力计算方法。      

纤维对超高性能混凝土残余强度及高温爆裂性能的影响

采用普通原材料制备56 d龄期抗压强度为140~160 MPa的空白组超高性能混凝土、钢纤维超高性能混凝土及混杂纤维超高性能混凝土,测定其遭受高温作用后的残余抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度,并对100%含湿量的混凝土试块进行高温爆裂试验。此外,测定大小2种加热速率对超高性能混凝土高温爆裂行为的影响。结果表明:所配制混凝土的残余抗压强度均随着目标温度的升高呈现先增大再降低的趋势,800℃高温后的残余抗压强度约为常温强度的30%。钢纤维与混杂纤维混凝土的残余劈裂抗拉强度亦呈现先升高再降低的趋势,800℃高温后的残余劈裂抗拉强度分别为常温强度的15.1%和35.4%。空白组混凝土的残余劈裂抗拉强度随着目标温度的升高而单调下降,800℃高温后的强度值约为常温强度的20.3%。7.5℃/min加热速率下,100%含湿量的3种混凝土试块均发生了严重高温爆裂,单掺钢纤维可以改善超高性能混凝土的高温爆裂,但不能避免爆裂的发生,而混杂纤维对超高性能混凝土高温爆裂的改善效果并未显著优于钢纤维。2.5℃/min加热速率下,混杂纤维可避免部分超高性能混凝土试块发生爆裂。      

聚丙烯纤维-钢筋/混凝土管节受力性能试验

顶管施工中钢筋/混凝土管节存在开裂现象,严重影响工程质量与后续营运。鉴于聚丙烯纤维具有改善混凝土抗拉、抗裂性能的作用,本文采用2种聚丙烯细纤维和1种聚丙烯粗纤维,设计了无纤维、单掺粗纤维及混掺三种尺度纤维的3组钢筋/混凝土管试件,进行了三点试验,对比分析管节的开裂破坏形态、荷载挠度曲线和开裂延性指标。并建立纤维混凝土管节三点试验的有限元模型,进一步探究聚丙烯纤维掺量对钢筋/混凝土管节受力性能的影响规律。结果表明,聚丙烯粗纤维可提高混凝土管的抗裂与承载能力,聚丙烯粗、细纤维的协同作用使管达到更高的使用和极限强度。相比无纤维管,混掺多尺度纤维提升管的使用强度和极限强度分别为28.7%和36.4%。此外,数值模拟合理地预测了纤维/混凝土管节的荷载挠度响应,并针对混凝土管节的极限强度值,得到单掺和混掺聚丙烯纤维时粗纤维的最佳掺量。      

FRP筋/珊瑚混凝土柱轴心受压承载力

对8根塑料纤维增强树脂复合材料(FRP)筋/珊瑚混凝土轴心受压柱和1根钢筋/珊瑚混凝土轴心受压柱进行了承载能力试验,试验参数包括配筋率、箍筋间距、长细比和筋材种类。结果表明:相同配筋率下,FRP筋/珊瑚混凝土柱和钢筋/珊瑚混凝土柱的破坏机制不同,但受力性能良好;相同构件尺寸下,增大纵筋直径导致纵筋与混凝土保护层的黏结性能降低;减小箍筋间距有利于提高构件的延性;长细比越大的构件承载力越低。然后,基于筋材压缩性能试验的数据分析及参考文献的对比探讨,建议碳纤维增强树脂复合材料(CFRP)筋名义屈服强度取值为0.34f_y(f_y为筋材的极限抗压强度),对应的理论值与试验结果相近,从而提出适用于CFRP筋/珊瑚混凝土柱的理论计算,为工程实践提供参考依据。      

CFRP筋-高强钢筋/高强混凝土柱的抗震性能

为了研究高强钢筋和碳纤维增强树脂复合材料(CFRP)混合配筋/高强混凝土柱的抗震性能,对CFRP筋-高强钢筋混合配筋的高强混凝土柱进行了低周反复荷载试验和有限元分析,研究了CFRP筋的粘结条件、不同轴压比以及高强混凝土种类等参数对其抗震性能的影响。结果表明:所有的高强混合配筋高强混凝土柱均发生延性破坏;在相同条件下,高强混合配筋混凝土中分别添加了钢纤维活性粉末和钢纤维后,表现出更好的耗能能力和延性;有粘结CFRP筋混合配筋高强混凝土柱比无粘结CFRP筋混合配筋柱的变形能力和承载力分别提高了9.6%和17.1%,但是延性系数降低了22.5%;在延性破坏的条件下,随着轴压比的增加,CFRP筋-高强钢筋混合配筋柱的屈服强度和极限强度明显增大,极限位移和耗能能力也逐渐减小;高强钢筋和CFRP筋配筋率越高,高强混合配筋柱的极限承载力和变形能力越大。      

Fracture behaviour of plain and fiber-reinforced concrete with different water content under mixed mode loading

In the present paper, plain concrete and fiber-reinforced concrete are considered from the point of view of the mechanical characteristics, with particular emphasis on the fracture resistance, for different values of the water/cement ratio and different amount and type (metallic or polymeric) of reinforcing fibers. The main mechanical characteristics (such as compressive strength and tensile strength) of the examined materials have experimentally been determined, and several pre-cracked specimens have been tested under three-point bending up to the final failure in order to study the fracture behaviour by also evaluating the fracture energy. Furthermore, the crack paths for static tests under displacement control have been obtained, and the load–displacement deflection curves have been determined for different crack configurations. Assuming the fracture surface characterised by a fractal dimension, some quantitative evaluations of the fracture energy are carried out. Then, the fracture behaviour and the post-peak behaviour of plain and fiber-reinforced specimens are discussed, and the effects of reinforcing fibers are quantified. Some conclusions are finally drawn.     

钢筋套筒挤压连接的预制RC柱抗震性能试验研究

为研究纵筋套筒挤压连接的预制柱抗震性能,完成了7个配箍特征值0.15~0.187、轴压比0.65~0.80、截面尺寸500 mm×500 mm的钢筋混凝土预制柱试件及1个用于对比的现浇柱试件的拟静力试验。结果表明,套筒挤压连接能够有效传递钢筋的拉、压力,预制柱试件与现浇柱试件的破坏过程、破坏形态基本相同,预制柱试件的水平力-位移滞回曲线饱满,偏心受压承载力试验值为计算值的1.26倍~1.42倍,极限位移角为1/42~1/26,抗震性能满足规范要求。套筒挤压连接可用于抗震设计的钢筋混凝土柱的纵向钢筋连接。     

500 MPa级钢筋自密实混凝土偏压短柱受力性能试验及有限元模拟分析

通过对7根500 MPa级钢筋自密实混凝土短柱试件的偏心受压试验,研究了试件的受力特征以及高强钢筋与自密实混凝土之间的协同工作性能。试验结果表明,500 MPa级钢筋在柱中与自密实混凝土协同工作性能良好,试件在偏心受压全过程中基本符合平截面假定。采用ABAQUS软件,建立500 MPa级钢筋自密实混凝土偏压短柱的有限元模型,利用试验实测结果验证模型的适用性与可靠度,并分析自密实混凝土强度、初始荷载偏心距和纵筋配筋率对偏心受压短柱力学性能的影响规律。试验实测值与有限元模拟分析结果表明,500MPa级钢筋自密实混凝土偏压短柱正截面受压承载力可采用《公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范》（JTG D62-2004）中的相关公式计算;为保证一定的安全储备,建议500 MPa级钢筋的设计强度取值为f_sd=f_sd'=420 MPa,材料分项系数取值为γ_s=1.2。     

HRBF500钢筋混凝土柱的受压试验研究

通过对9根钢筋混凝土轴心受压柱和10根钢筋混凝土偏心受压柱进行单向加载试验研究分析,该文建议HRBF500钢筋在轴心受压柱和偏心受压柱中的强度设计值取为f y′=fy=420MPa;由试验数据可知,偏压构件的裂缝宽度值要相对小于受弯构件的裂缝宽度值,建议将规范公式中的钢筋混凝土偏压构件受力特征系数进行折减,提出了构件受力特征系数的建议值,为我国混凝土结构设计规范进一步修订时列入500MPa级钢筋提供了参考依据。     

Shear Strength Evaluation of Concrete Beams Reinforced with BFRP Bars and Steel fibers without Stirrups

This paper presents experimental and analytical investigations on concrete beams reinforced with basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) and steel fibers without stirrups. Independent behaviour of BFRP reinforced beams and steel fiber reinforced beams were evaluated and the effect of combining BFRP bars and steel fiber was investigated in detail. It is found that combining steel fibers with BFRP could change the shear failure of BFRP reinforced beam to flexural failure. Further, the existing analytical models were reviewed and compared to predict the shear strength of both FRP reinforced and steel fiber reinforced beams. Based on the review, the appropriate model was chosen and modified to predict the shear strength of BFRP reinforced beam along with steel fibers.