MBR工艺处理海水养殖废水的研究进展

MBR具有污染物去除效果好、颗粒物分离效率高、占地面积小、污泥产率低、利于培养耐盐微生物以及易于实现一体化控制等特点,加之膜技术提高和成本降低,使用MBR法处理海水养殖废水得到广泛关注。针对处理海水养殖废水的MBR工艺,对近年来相关研究成果分析评价,包括传统MBR工艺与改良、各种条件下MBR系统内微生物特性、影响运行效果的参数控制以及水力学特征等方面,并对其发展前景做了展望。为该工艺的发展利用提供参考。     

A/O生物接触氧化工艺处理海水养殖废水

针对海水养殖废水产生量大、营养盐含量较低、盐度较高的特点,以砾石和沸石为填料,采用A/O生物接触氧化工艺对模拟海水养殖废水进行处理,重点研究了水力停留时间(HRT)和回流体积比(R)对处理效果的影响。结果表明,在HRT为12~48 h、R为50%~200%时,A/O生物接触氧化工艺的脱氮效果均呈现先上升后下降的趋势。HRT=24 h、R=100%是反应器运行的优化条件,在此条件下氨氮和无机氮的平均去除率分别达到92.9%和71.9%。系统对COD的去除则几乎不受HRT和R的影响,COD去除率始终保持在90%以上。A/O生物接触氧化工艺可以用于海水养殖废水的处理。     

海水养殖珍珠新品种--海水养殖彩色珍珠

阐述了石子聪海水养殖彩色珍珠的工艺特征及宝石学特征,介绍了国际市场上珍珠的种类.通过将石子聪海水养殖彩色珍珠与其它养殖珍珠的宝石学特征的鉴别与对比,认为两者在表面光泽、光性特征、多色性、折射率、特殊性质等方面无多大区别,并认为石子聪海水养殖彩色珍珠的颜色丰富,颜色的成因特殊,其彩色物质成分主要分布于原珠的珠核以及珠核表面,是一种新型的海水养殖珍珠.     

海水养殖中氨氮的电化学氧化及残余氯和三卤甲烷的生成

以实际养殖海水中的氨氮为研究对象,采用电化学氧化技术对废水中的氨氮进行去除。分析了氨氮的去除效果,电化学处理过程中产生的残余氯以及三卤甲烷的生成,并考察了电化学技术处理海水中氨氮所需的能耗。结果表明,电化学氧化技术可以有效地将氨氮转化成氮气去除。增加电流密度和水力停留时间可以增加残余氯浓度,但处理实际养殖海水的过程中生成三卤甲烷的量也会增多。另外,电化学技术去除实际养殖海水中的氨氮需要的能耗很低,表明电化学氧化技术可以应用在海水废水的处理。     

脱硫海水膜法曝气恢复试验研究

分别以空气和纯氧为曝气气源,采用自制聚丙烯中空纤维膜接触器为核心的曝气工艺装置,系统地考察脱硫海水初始pH、稀释体积比、曝气时间及纯氧曝气等因素对脱硫海水恢复效果的影响。结果表明,以空气为曝气气源,处理pH在2.70～5.20的脱硫海水,在曝气气水体积比为1/2～1/1、稀释体积比为3/1～5/1的工艺条件下,曝气时间为20 s,即可使脱硫海水水质指标迅速恢复,达标排放;应用纯氧曝气,相同工艺条件下,脱硫海水恢复效果优于空气曝气。研究结果初步证实了膜法曝气工艺用于处理沿海电厂海水烟气脱硫系统排放海水的可行性。     

我国海水养殖尾水在线监测技术进展及展望

海水养殖尾水排放对海洋生态环境带来了巨大的压力，而在线监测技术为有效实现养殖尾水排放管控提供了新途径。本文系统梳理了我国海水养殖尾水在线监测技术进展，指出了国内海水养殖尾水在线监测技术发展方向和面临的主要问题，并提出了相应的对策。可为我国海水养殖尾水在线监测技术研究和应用提供参考，有助于推动我国海水养殖尾水排放监管工作的开展，提升我国海水养殖业的可持续发展水平。     

规模化海水养殖废水处理技术研究进展

随着我国规模化海水养殖业的迅速发展,海水养殖废水排放量日益增加,目前已超过了陆源污水的排放,带来了严重的海洋环境问题,规模化海水养殖废水处理与排放控制已成为当今的研究热点。介绍了我国规模化海水养殖业的发展现状,分析了海水养殖废水的水质水量特点,综述了海水养殖废水处理技术的国内外研究现状,展望了未来我国海水养殖废水处理技术和政策的发展方向,以期为我国海洋环境保护和海水养殖业发展提供参考。     

电絮凝净化海水过程中电流效率和总磷去除率的研究

采用铁电极对电絮凝工艺处理受污染海水过程中电流效率和总磷去除率的变化进行了研究。研究结果表明,在电絮凝工艺处理海水的过程中存在较高的电流效率,电流密度对电流效率的影响高于极板间距的影响;电絮凝工艺对海水中的总磷具有很好的去除效果,总磷去除率能达到80.58%,且总磷去除率随着电流密度的增大和通电时间的延长而增加;总磷的剩余浓度与通电电流呈一级反应关系,并由此拟合出电絮凝处理海水中总磷的动力学方程。     

分散再集中式污水处理是湛江市节能减排的有效途径

通过结合湛江市地方特点,介绍局部分散式生活污水处理及中水回用工艺、海水水产养殖污水处理工艺探讨、集中式污水处理的节能减排,污水处理系统资源利用等问题,指出分散式再集中式的污水处理是节能减排的有效途径.     

微藻净化海水养殖废水研究进展

介绍了海水养殖废水的常规处理方式,包括化学方法和生物方法。然而这些方法存在效率低、二次污染、成本高等问题。基于微藻净化废水能够实现污染物去除和废水资源化利用的显著优势,阐述了微藻净化海水养殖废水的研究现状,并就目前的研究提出了微藻净化海水养殖废水存在的问题。针对这些问题,给出了解决微藻净化海水养殖废水难题的建议,为今后利用微藻提净化海水养殖废水提供了参考。     

微孔陶瓷过滤装置及其在火电厂冲渣水治理工程上的应用

简述了微也陶瓷过滤装置的原理、结构特点；着重介绍了采用此装置处理锅炉冲渣水悬浮物的工艺过程和运行实况。     

1,1,2-三氟三氯乙烷转产为1,1,1-三氟三氯乙烷的新方法

1,1,2-三氟三氯乙烷(CFC-113)是亟需淘汰的消耗臭氧层物质(ODS)之一,而其同分异构体1,1,1-三氟三氯乙烷却属于非ODS物质。介绍了以CFC-113为原料转产为CFC-113a的技术进展,并使用了一种新型添加剂和调节剂,使其转化率达到了99.5%以上,极大地提高了产率。并且省去了精馏的过程,节约了成本。     

超滤法除农药草甘膦水剂中悬浮物

本文小试选择了改性ＰＶＤＦ超滤膜，现场运行确定超滤过程的最佳工艺参数及膜管的清洗维护方法。结果表明超滤法除去农药草甘膦水剂中悬浮物是一种可行有效的方法，并已投入工业化生产。     

Ecological problems due to the use of organic binders in the production of fibrous heat-insulating materials

The standards for maximum permissible emission of contaminating substances into the atmosphere from enterprises producing fibrous heat-insulating materials take into account emissions formed in processing the basic inorganic raw materials and do not reflect emissions of the products of decomposition of auxiliary organic substances participating in the technological process (organosilicon liquids, mineral oils, bitumens). Investigations show that for any technology the main products of the decomposition of these materials are more toxic than the inorganic components of the emissions.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 10, pp. 6–7, October, 1995.     

Physico-chemical and technological aspects of the inclusion modification of man-made fibres

Conclusions A review has been given of research on the kinetics of fibre-forming processes in spinning by the wet method and on the structure of the gel-fibres which are formed thereupon. The highly developed active internal surface of gel-fibres which have been spun from semirigid polymers into hydrate precipitation baths brings about the possibility of realizing numerous variants of the process of inclusion modification. The essence of this process consists in treating the gel-fibres with aqucous (or nonaqueous) solutions of modifying substances, sorption of which, thanks to the highly developed internal surface of the gel-fibre, is completed very quickly. Subsequent heating of the fibre above the glass point leads to a firm encapsulation of the modifying agent in the polymeric substrate.The kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of such modifying treatments with solutions of inorganic compounds of groups I-VIII of the periodic system of elements, or with organic compounds of various classes, including dyes, has been examined.The effect of sorbent on the structural-mechanical and relaxation properties of the modified fibres has been noted. Processes of inclusion modification may be realized either by batch or continuous schemes.The possibility has been demonstrated of preparing fibres for specific purposes using typical technological equipment.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 8–17, May–June, 1990.     

江西宁村瓷石精选试验研究

1.1 矿区概况与矿石性质宁村瓷石矿区位于景德镇市南东12公里.矿体由细晶岩风化蚀变形成,有两个主要矿体,1号矿体沿走向控制矿体总长约1700米;2号矿体沿走向控制矿体总长约300米.矿石(蚀变细晶岩)呈浅灰色、浅灰绿色,风化后呈灰白色.变余细晶结构、块状构造,后期有石英细脉岩石裂隙充填.矿石中主要矿物有石英(约占25～40%)及少量长石、碳酸盐类矿物及磁铁矿等组成,矿石化学成分平均含量:SiO_275～77.5%,Al_2O_3 14～15%,Fe_2O_3 0.5～0.7%,Na_2O 0.2～1.0%,K_2O 2.5～3.4%.1.2 采样考虑到采样能代表今后5～10年所采矿石的性质,决定     

含苯类有机物的高浓度硫酸废水的固态化处理方法

探讨了用重质碳酸钙粉对含苯类有机物的高浓度硫酸废水进行固态化处理的工艺条件,例如重质碳酸钙粉与废水反应生成灰色固体物质的用量、灰色固体物质煅烧的温度、时间以及废水中硫酸浓度不同时所需重质碳酸钙粉的用量。固态化处理方法不仅工艺简单、操作简便,而且处理过程无废水和有害废气排放,不导致二次污染,具有广阔的应用前景。     

卫生瓷组合浇注成形工艺及其进展

介绍了组合浇注成形工艺的特点,综述了国内外组合浇注工艺概况及国外设计的“立浇平脱”系统的技术控制。通过对比分析,论证了组合浇注将成为今后卫生瓷生产最优越的成形方式。     

Use of electrodialysis to desalinate wash water from the manufacture of viscose textile yarn

Conclusions -- As a result of tests, the possibility of operating an electrodialysis unit under a regime of current reversal to desalinate wash water without preliminary purification from organic substances has been established.-- Basic technological parameters and indices of the desalination process have been determined; ways have been noted for increasing the efficiency of using this unit.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 2, pp. 46–49, March–April, 1993.     

Essential and non essential amino acid content of infant cereals in different stages of industrial processing and its relationship with chemical scores of protein quality

The effect of technological process on essential and non essential amino acids contents in infant cereals, the protein and essential amino acids infant dietary requirements cover by infant cereals, and its quality using some chemical scores has been studied. Mix of raw flours, mix of roasted flours, mix of enzymatically, hydrolysed and drum dried flours and commercial infant cereals of four different types of infant cereals: "Multicereal" and "Wheat" (both with gluten), "Growth" and "Rice and carrot" (both gluten free) were evaluated. The technological process only show a significant effect on lysine, arginine (P < 0.05) and valine (P < 0.01) contents in "Rice and carrot" infant cereal. Protein of any studied infant cereals covers 17.4% of the daily infant requirements in, while for essential amino acids will cover about 25 to 200% until the third year of life. As we expected, the limitant amino acid was lysine in all flours. Chemical scores only were affected by technological treatment in "Rice and carrot" infant cereal, showing the gluten-free infant cereals higher values (36.7-69.5%) than gluten infant cereals (18.1%-30.7%) at the end of the processing. It should be standing out "Growth" infant cereal, because of it has a higher lysine content than other infant cereals due to the main ingredients rice and corn.