单位电量CO_2排放强度与单位产值CO_2排放强度关系初探

电力单位产值CO2排放强度是全国单位产值CO2排放强度的重要组成部分,其既与电力行业排放绩效即单位发电量CO2排放强度有关,也与全社会能源效率、电气化水平、资源与市场情况等因素相关。本文系统分析了有关指标的统计特征、国际对比、影响因素及趋势预测,指出"十二五"及"十三五"期间,不论是单位电量CO2排放强度,还是电力单位产值CO2排放强度,其下降幅度都是有限的,需要理性看待并科学设置规划指标。     

降低CO_2排放的中国能源发展路径分析

低碳经济发展越来越多地受到世界各国的广泛关注。环境、气候变化问题,已经成为整个人类面临的最严峻挑战。本文通过分析中国CO2排放的基本状况,并运用计量经济模型,对中国能源消费的环境效应影响、中国能源消费产生的CO 2的影响因素进行定量化分析,探讨了中国能源行业高耗能、外部不经济的主要因素。最后,提出了适合中国可行的降低CO 2排放的能源发展路径。     

中国居民生活用能现状及展望

居民生活用能分析是能源政策研究中的重要组成部分。文章运用活动分析法借助于LEAP模型，对1999年中国居民能源消费情况进行了描述和分析，总结出中国居民生活能源消费的特点，并且针对未来发展趋势，提出了对策建议。     

我国居民生活用能特征研究

本文揭示了我国居民生活能源消费的主要特征:(1)居民生活能源消费量总体呈上升趋势,其在全社会能源消费总量中所占比重却持续下降。(2)城镇和农村居民生活用能特征有很大不同,城镇居民人均生活能源消费量增长极快,农村居民能源消费结构却仍以煤炭为主,引导居民部门能源消费应该对城乡居民有所侧重。(3)各区域居民生活能源利用效率存在明显差异,东部沿海地区能源利用效率最高、中部地区最低,要提高各区域生活能源利用效率,需根据各区域不同用能特征规划能源政策。     

中国城市二氧化碳排放研究

城市CO2排放占全球人为排放的绝对主体。我国由于城市建制和城市清单系统的不足,导致很难核算真正城市意义的CO2排放量。本文建立狭义城市边界和城市碳排放范围,并且基于GIS模型,初步核算了2005年中国地级市CO2直接排放(尺度1)和CO2总排放(尺度1+尺度2),分别为17.70亿t和27.34亿t,直接排放占总排放的64.73%。中国地级市CO2总排放占当年全国总排放量的48.90%。     

2020年我国水泥行业CO_2排放趋势与减排路径分析

我国水泥行业的CO2排放仅次于电力行业,约占全国排放总量的15%。分析水泥行业的CO2排放趋势和减排路径对实现我国温室气体排放控制目标有着重要的现实意义。本文从影响水泥行业排放的主要影响因素着手,分析了水泥产量和单耗的现状及未来发展趋势,计算了水泥行业的历史排放、发展趋势以及减排潜力,指出了实现减排潜力面临的挑战和障碍,以及相应的措施建议。     

能源洁净利用与CO2排放控制技术

温室气体CO2的大量排放而引起的全球变暖、温室效应问题，越来越引起世人的关注。针对由于化石燃料燃烧利用过程中排放出的大量CO2对生态环境造成的危害，探讨了多种CO2排放控制和分离回收技术。对于能源高效清洁利用、CO2排放控制和分离回收有着重要的借鉴作用。     

气体燃料对减缓CO2排放的贡献

简述了以甲烷为主要成分的天然气、煤层气等气体燃料的性质与优势；认为气体燃料将会发展成世界最重要的一次能源。文章重点指出：使用气体燃料，采用燃气－蒸汽联合循环发电、热电冷（或热电）联产以及燃气高热值热水锅炉等高效的能源转换系统与设备，可以大大提高能源利用率，与使用其它石化燃料相比，可为减缓CO2排放作出明显贡献。     

中国道路交通二氧化碳排放研究

本文评述了全国及区域水平道路交通CO2排放研究的不足和困难,提出道路交通CO2排放的研究方法,并与研究文献和公开资料进行比对。中国2007年全国道路交通CO2排放为3.77亿t,占交通运输部门CO2排放的86.32%。分析了各省道路交通CO2排放量与GDP和城镇居民人均可支配收入的相关性,结果显示,各省(市、区)道路交通CO2排放量和GDP关联性显著,与城镇居民人均可支配收入相关性不明显。     

二氧化碳排放因素分解实证研究

基于Kaya恒等式基本原理,采用LMDI分解法构建了CO2排放影响因素的扩展分解模型,以山西省为例,系统量化分析了1998～2008年间CO2排放影响因素,并针对现有的CO2减排政策,提出了加快发展低碳燃料LCT和CCS技术,从"源头"和"终端"上控制CO2排放.实例结果表明,CO2排放量呈逐年增长态势,经济增长与能源强度变化为影响CO2排放的重要因素,该模型对影响CO2排放的相关因素完整的分解和系统量化有效,可供制定节能减排措施、决策借鉴.     

The impact of household consumption on energy use and CO2 emissions in China

In this paper, the consumer lifestyle approach is applied to analyze the impact of consumption by urban and rural households on energy use and CO₂ emissions for different regions and income levels in China. Grey Model is used to compare the relationship between energy consumption, consumption expenditure and CO₂ emissions for different lifestyles. The results show that direct energy consumption is diverse for urban households and simple for rural households in China. Direct energy consumption and CO₂ emissions are increasing faster for urban than for rural households. Indirect energy consumption and CO₂ emissions for urban households are much greater than the direct consumption values. The total indirect energy consumption and CO₂ emissions differ by regions and the structures are different, but the latter differences are not obvious. The impact of household income is enormous. Indirect energy consumption and CO₂ emissions are higher for high-income than for low-income households. The structural difference for indirect energy consumption and CO₂ emissions for households with different income levels is significant. The higher the income, the more diverse is the energy consumption and CO₂ emission structure. The structures for indirect energy use and CO₂ emissions are diverse for urban households, but simple for rural households.     

能源需求与二氧化碳排放分析决策支持系统

本文将情景分析思想和投入产出方法相结合,提出并设计开发了基于投入产出的能源决策支持系统;阐述了其设计原理及结构组成;通过对该系统的开发和应用表明,将情景分析和投入产出相结合为能源需求和相应二氧化碳排放预测提供了一条有效的途径。     

The impact of lifestyle on energy use and CO2 emission: An empirical analysis of China's residents

Based on the application of a Consumer Lifestyle Approach (CLA), this paper quantifies the direct and indirect impact of lifestyle of urban and rural residents on China's energy use and the related CO₂ emissions during the period 1999–2002. The results show that approximately 26 per cent of total energy consumption and 30 per cent of CO₂ emission every year are a consequence of residents’ lifestyles, and the economic activities to support these demands. For urban residents the indirect impact on energy consumption is 2.44 times greater than the direct impact. Residence; home energy use; food; and education, cultural and recreation services are the most energy-intensive and carbon-emission-intensive activities. For rural residents, the direct impact on energy consumption is 1.86 times that of the indirect, and home energy use; food; education, and cultural recreation services; and personal travel are the most energy-intensive and carbon-emission-intensive activities. This paper provides quantitative evidence for energy conservation and environmental protection focused policies. China's security for energy supply is singled out as a serious issue for government policy-makers, and we suggest that government should harmonize the relationships between stakeholders to determine rational strategies.     

中国减排CO2的初步分析

我国的一次能源以煤炭为主,所以必须实施煤炭现代化利用的能源发展策略,逐步替代现有以直接燃烧为主的能源利用系统。本为结合最新数据对中国的CO2排放源进行初步分析,对我国各行业煤炭消费和CO2排放构成进行预测,指出发电行业是我国推动CO2减排的重点,对我国CO2减排路线图提出了设想。     

The impact of CHP generation on CO2 emissions

The combined generation of heat and power (cogeneration) is praised by many as a technique for reducing the emissions of CO₂ in industrialized nations. This is generally true but not always. In this article we discuss the impact of some major variables on the CO₂ emission reduction capacity of cogeneration. Two sets of variables are predominant: the characteristics of the CHP process and the composition of the electricity generation sector. We highlight the interaction between the two sets of variables with the help of diagrams.     

Iron and steel manufacturing technologies in India: estimation of CO2 emission

Iron and steel manufacturing is heavily energy intensive and polluting. CO₂ emissions per tonne of liquid steel have been estimated for six steel manufacturing technologies which are commercially available in India. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

应用Na2O2吸收控制汽车尾气中CO2排放物

简述了汽车排放污染物的种类、危害及各种相应的减排控制措施,针对CO2这一温室气体提出了通过Na2O2吸收的解决方案,并给出了CO2吸收器的基本构造和反应机理,同时也指出了这一方案在实际运行中存在的问题。