LNG发动机最佳点火提前角的模拟优化仿真

在某系列天然气发动机点火控制系统基础上,提出利用神经网络在线优化点火提前角,从而解决天然气发动机在使用过程中因磨损、老化等造成最佳点火提前角发生变化的问题,达到提高天然气发动机的动力性和燃气经济性的目的。首先通过Matlab/simulink建立的LNG发动机模型,编写标定程序,得出初始点火提前角,然后设计神经网络。优化策略为在稳定工况时,利用自适应神经网络在线修正,得出实时最佳点火提前角;在工况变化较快时直接读取MAP图,得到点火提前角。最后利用GT-POWER搭建天然气发动机模型进行仿真并与实测数据进行比较。     

基于BP神经网络控制天然气发动机点火提前角

点火提前角控制是天然气发动机控制的最重要内容之一,精确控制点火提前角涉及到发动机运行的动力性和经济性。对此,开发采用BP神经网络控制的方法来实现天然气发动机的点火提前角控制问题,并基于发动机平均值模型进行了神经网络的MATLAB在线仿真。结果表明:点火提前角最大绝对误差0.4°CA,最大相对误差1.5%,该优化控制模型能准确地获取天然气发动机最佳点火提前角。     

M15发动机性能模拟研究

采用GT-Power软件建立模型,模拟某VVT汽油机的工作过程,分析在汽油机上直接燃用M15燃料时动力性下降的原因,并以恢复原机动力性能为目标进行优化,把优化后的M15发动机与原机性能进行对比,指出优化原汽油机点火提前角可以提高M15发动机的动力性能。     

摩托车电感点火系统对发动机及整车排放性能的影响

设计开发了微机控制电感点火试验装置,根据预先给定的点火提前角曲线对发动机点火时刻进行精确控制。将电感点火器装在发动机进行性能试验,在摩托车整车上进行工况法排放试验,得到较好的试验效果,发动机性能有所提高、整车排放数值有所降低。     

启动时如何预防人身伤害

(1)首先要调整好发动机的喷油(或点火)提前角,防止因为喷油(或点火)时刻过早造成曲轴反转,这是预防启动发动机时发生意外人身伤害的关键技术措施。     

小型航空二冲程煤油发动机小负荷试验研究

将1台点燃式二冲程气道喷射汽油机改造为缸内直喷煤油发动机,在3000r/min小负荷工况下进行了点火提前角、喷气结束角、过量空气系数对性能影响的试验研究。结果表明,喷气结束角为50°和80°（上止点前）时,适当增大点火提前角,能使功率增加、油耗降低,但点火提前角不宜过大,否则会造成HC和CO排放量的增加;点火提前角为15°和30°（上止点前）时,适度提前喷气结束时刻,可以使功率增加、油耗和排放降低;另外,偏浓混合气有利于提高功率输出,偏稀混合气有利于降低排放。     

汽车发动机电控燃油喷射系统

汽油机电控喷油系统是国外汽车工业70年代出现的一项高科技产品,该系统用传感器采集发动机工况参数,输入电脑(控制单元)来控制最佳喷油量和最佳点火时刻,使发动机的空燃比和点火提前角得到最优化控制,从而大大减少排气污染,降低油耗,提高功率和行驶性能。目前发达国家90％的轿车都采用了此项技术。     

发动机关键配气相位角的分析与优化

发动机的四个配气相位角中,排气提前角和进气晚关角最为重要。运用AVL BOOST软件建立了某款汽油发动机的数值仿真模型,根据台架实验数据对模型进行了标定。保持原气门重叠角和升程不变,按每5°CA的间隔分别对排气提前角和进气晚关角进行改变,研究不同排气提前角和进气晚关角对发动机不同转速扭矩和功率的影响规律,确定最佳的排气提前角和进气晚关角。经过优化发动机的最大扭矩提高了5.39N·M,最大功率提高了2.82kW。     

二冲程煤油发动机整机建模与初始点火提前角计算分析

针对二冲程汽油发动机改燃烧航空煤油后,初始点火提前角需重新标定的问题,利用GT-Power对以煤油为燃料的二冲程发动机进行整机建模。通过数值计算分析了转速、负荷、进气压力、进气温度和空燃比对点火提前角的影响,得出除转速和负荷外,进气温度对点火提前角的大小影响明显。针对不同的工况条件,充分考虑动力性而忽略经济性与排放性的前提下,通过计算获取了发动机初始点火提前角;通过仿真数据与实验结果对比验证了其一致性。     

影响发动机最佳点火提前角因素的对比分析

发动机点火提前角影响汽车发动机的动力性、经济性、排放等性能指标,为加深对最佳点火提前角受相关因素影响的理解,本文对发动机最佳点火提前角的影响因素进行了梳理与分析。     

A study on characteristics and control strategies of cold start operation for improvement of harmful exhaust emissions in SI engines

Emission regulations for automobiles have become more stringent and the improvement of emission during cold start has been a major key issue to meet these regulations. Among many kinds of factors that affect cold start operation, ignition timing is crucial to improve emission characteristics due to the influence on exhaust gas temperature. Recent progress in variable valve timing allows optimized valve event strategies under various ranges of engine operating conditions including cold start. This study investigates effects of ignition and exhaust valve timing on exhaust gas temperature, combustion stability and emission characteristics through cold start bench tests of an SI engine. Experimental results show that exhaust valve timings and ignition timings significantly affect exhaust gas temperature and stability of engine operation under cold start condition. Exhaust valve timing also affects CO and NO_x emission due to changes in residual gas fraction of the combustion chamber. Ignition timing mainly affects exhaust gas temperature and HC emission. A control strategy, advanced exhaust valve timing and retarded ignition, is plausible in order to achieve reduction of exhaust emission while maintaining stability under cold start operation of SI engines.     

发动机辅助制动性能仿真研究

通过对发动机辅助制动工作过程进行理论分析,建立了发动机辅助制动计算模型,根据辅助制动相关参数（包括排气门开度、发动机转速和排气背压等）,对发动机辅助制动进行了单因素和多因素条件下的仿真研究及试验验证。结果表明：随着发动机转速的升高,缸内压力增大,且压力峰值更靠近上止点;制动扭矩随转速的升高而增大,减压制动时制动扭矩最大,发动机制动时制动扭矩最小;发动机转速一定时,泄漏制动和减压制动分别有一对应的最佳排气门开度值,并且转速越高,排气门开度最佳值越大,排气背压越高,制动扭矩越大。     

Feasibility and performance study of turpentine fueled DI diesel engine operated under HCCI combustion mode

In the present investigation a volatile fraction of Pinus resin called Turpentine has been experimented in a direct injection diesel engine under HCCI combustion mode. The engine chosen to experiment is a single cylinder DI diesel engine and modified in such a way to ignite Turpentine in a diesel engine under HCCI mode. As the Turpentine has a higher self ignition temperature the ignition of Turpentine in regular diesel engines with auto-ignition is not possible. Hence, suitable modification is made in the engine to ignite Turpentine in a diesel engine like diesel fuel. The modified engine has ECM controlled fuel spray and an air preheater in the suction side of the engine. The combined effort of adiabatic compression and supply of preheated air ignites turpentine by auto-ignition and its timing of ignition is precisely controlled by changing intake air temperature. This investigation revealed that the engine operated with turpentine performed well with little loss of brake thermal efficiency. And, emitted comparatively lower emissions such as NO_x and smoke and proved that the turpentine is a best suited fuel for HCCI operation.     

某型柴油机EGR阀异响故障分析及优化

本文针对某四缸直列轻型柴油机配套整车时,在长下坡路段,当柴油机点火开关关闭、排气制动开启时出现的柴油机异响问题进行系统分析,采用时频分析方法,结合柴油机性能变化情况,分析两者之间的关联性,确定异响根源来自于EGR阀本体,最后提供了两套EGR阀改进方案并进行了验证,试验表明最终改进方案效果非常明显,达到了消除异响目的。     

多点电喷天然气汽车发动机进气干涉现象的数值解析

首先采用多维数值模拟的方法解析了从天然气喷射阀喷出的突发天然气喷流的发展过程,并由纹影试验验证了这个数值解析方法的可行性。在此基础上,解析了单进气阀和双进气阀发动机进气歧管内天然气的喷射和反射过程。结果表明,大量天然气与进气阀冲突后向进气歧管入口方向反射并造成进气阀附近气体压力升高;若进气歧管较短时,天然气-空气混合气反射到歧管入口并造成各缸混合气分配不均匀是完全可能的;即使较长的进气歧管时,由于发火顺序不同,各缸间的进气干涉程度也不一样,这将引起各缸实际的进气充量发生变化。     

Analysis of compression ignition combustion in a schnurle-type gasoline engine comparison of performance between direct injection and port injection systems-

A two-stroke Schnurle-type gasoline engine was modified to enable compression-ignition in both the port fuel injection and the in-cylinder direct injection. Using the engine, examinations of compression-ignition operation and engine performance tests were carried out. The amount of the residual gas and the in-cylinder mixture conditions were controlled by varying the valve angle rate of the exhaust valve (VAR) and the injection timing for direct injection conditions. It was found that the direct injection system is superior to the port injection system in terms of exhaust gas emissions and thermal efficiency, and that almost the same operational region of compression-ignition at medium speeds and loads was attained. Some interesting combustion characteristics, such as a shorter combustion period in higher engine speed conditions, and factors for the onset of compression-ignition were also examined.     

全可变气门机构闭环控制试验研究

为进行均质充量压缩燃烧的研究,开发一套进气门升程和相位、排气门升程和相位等4个参数均可独立自由控制的全可变气门机构。同时为研究可变气门技术的控制策略,开发一套全可变气门机构控制策略研究试验平台,包括一台变频调速电动机、液压及润滑系统、全可变气门机构控制单元及其试验管理系统,该平台可在模拟发动机运行的条件下进行气门机构控制策略研究和评价。对可变升程和可变相位闭环控制策略的试验研究结果表明,整套策略可以实现进排气门升程在0～9.7 mm之间、相位在60°范围内连续、快速、稳定的调节,为提高汽油机的效率和实现均质充量压缩燃烧发动机的运行控制奠定了基础。     

A numerical and experimental study on the optimal design for the intake system of the MPI spark ignition engines

A computer program has been developed to predict the engine performance characteristics through the analysis of the flow in the intake and exhaust systems and of the cylinder combustion phenomena for the MPI spark ignition engines. Using the program, a study for the optimal design of the intake system has been performed by varying the factors which can influence the volumetric efficiency, such as the volume of the plenum chamber, the length of the intake manifold and the pipe length between the surge tank and the plenum chamber. Experimental tests have also been carried out to obtain the transient pressure history in the intake manifold and the cylinder, and the variations of volumetric efficiency over the various engine speeds. The result of simulation has been compared with that of experimental test, and the optimal design data for the test engine could be found. The comparison of volumetric efficiency shows good agreement between the simulation and experiment.     

发动机冷试关键技术的研究

发动机作为汽车的核心部件,其装配质量直接影响整车性能,在发动机生产线末端通常都安装有试验设备来对发动机装配质量进行检测。发动机冷试技术作为一种新型的发动机装配质量在线检测技术,具有测试时间短、精度高、成本低、污染少等优点,在国内被越来越多的汽车厂商引入到发动机装配线上。阐述了冷试的概念及故障映像原理,并详细对冷试中扭矩检测、机油压力检测、正时检测、点火检测、进气真空度检测及排气压力检测关键技术进行了研究。     

Comparisons of predicted and measured results on performance and emission of engine effected by intake air dilution and supercharging

An experimental study was conducted on a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine to investigate the effects of diluting intake air, with different gases and increasing intake pressure on combustion process and exhaust emissions. The intake O₂ concentration is changed from 15% to 21% by diluting intake air with different gases (CO₂, Ar, N₂), and the intake pressure is changed from one to two bar by a screw compressor. A modified program for calculating heat release rate, is used to study the characteristics of combustion and exhaust emissions in detail. The main results show that the addition of either CO₂ or Ar to the intake air increases the ignition delay. The variations of ignition delay with CO₂ are much larger than those of ignition delay with Ar for the same O₂ concentration. The emission of NOx decreases with the decrease of O₂ concentration and the smoke level is lower with the addition of the CO₂ than with that of Ar. As the intake pressure is increased, the ignition delay is shortened. Furthermore the high intake air pressure enhances the air-fuel mixing and diffusion combustion, and reduces the premixed combustion, so that NOx emission is decreased without increasing smoke emissions. The addition of CO₂ at high intake pressure, drastically reduces NOx emissions and smoke emission simultaneously at a high load condition, and the addition of CO₂ reduces NOx emissions without affecting the smoke emissions substantially at a low load condition. A zero-dimensional combustion simulation program incorporated with the present heat release correlation and ignition delay correlation is used to predict ignition delay, cylinder pressure and engine power. The results show that the correlations are likely to be adequate for the engine operating under diluted intake air and various intake pressure.