载体对FCC汽油加氢脱硫催化剂性能的影响

主要介绍了载体的种类及性能对FCC汽油加氢脱硫效果的影响。指出在制备FCC汽油加氢脱硫催化剂时,应选择具有适当酸碱度的物质作为载体,保证催化剂具有较高的加氢脱硫／加氢选择性,从而使脱硫后的FCC汽油满足低硫含量高辛烷值的要求。     

催化裂化汽油脱硫技术进展

随着环保法规的日益严格,对汽油的质量要求越来越高,全世界都在为降低汽油硫含量而不懈努力。降低汽油硫含量是改善空气质量的有效手段。脱硫技术已经成为各炼油企业的关键技术。汽油中的硫化合物主要来自FCC(流化催化裂化)汽油,因此FCC汽油脱硫技术的研究与开发具有重要意义。目前,减少FCC汽油硫含量的技术主要有：FCC原料油加氢脱硫、FCC汽油加氢脱硫、溶剂萃取脱硫、催化裂化脱硫、氧化脱硫、生物脱硫和吸附脱硫等。笔者综述了国内外FCC汽油脱硫技术进展。     

催化裂化汽油脱硫技术进展

催化裂化汽油（FCC）具有高硫含量的特点,因此降低FCC汽油中的硫含量是非常重要。而催化裂化汽油（FCC）脱硫技术分为加氢脱硫和非加氢脱硫,本文主要介绍这两类脱硫技术的机理,并对国内外汽油脱硫技术的进展加以综述。     

FCC汽油加氢改质催化剂及改质工艺

研究开发出了适于FCC汽油加氢改质的选择性加氢脱硫催化剂和辛烷值恢复催化剂,并在300 mL绝热装置上,分别以全馏分FCC汽油或切割后的重馏分FCC汽油为原料,进行了FCC汽油加氢改质工艺的系统研究,结果表明：单独采用辛烷值恢复工艺或辛烷值恢复-选择性加氢脱硫组合工艺不能完全满足FCC汽油加氢改质的要求;而单独采用选择性加氢脱硫工艺或选择性加氢脱硫-辛烷值恢复组合工艺可以满足全馏分FCC汽油或切割后重馏分FCC汽油加氢改质的要求。将全馏分FCC汽油切割后进行加氢改质可以得到硫含量更低的改质产品或直接生产符合国Ⅳ标准的清洁汽油。     

FCC汽油加氢脱硫工艺研究进展

为了应对日趋严峻的环境问题,对汽油硫含量的要求越来越严格,而加氢脱硫技术是目前降低汽油硫含量最切实可行和最为有效的手段.综述了国内外有关FCC汽油加氢脱硫工艺的研究进展.现有的FCC汽油加氢脱硫工艺主要有两条技术路线:一是深度加氢脱硫后再恢复辛烷值(如Oct-Gain和Isal);二是选择性加氢脱硫(如Prime-C+...     

催化裂化汽油加氢脱硫技术研究

主要介绍了原油中硫化物种类和催化裂化(FCC)汽油加氢脱硫反应原理,介绍了9种FCC汽油后处理脱硫工艺技术,其中催化加氢脱硫技术(HDS)在工业中得到了广泛应用,而吸附脱硫、氧化脱硫等新型工艺技术则显示出较好的发展前景。     

催化裂化汽油加氢脱硫技术研究

介绍了国内外典型的选择性加氢脱硫技术和具有辛烷值恢复功能的非选择性加氢脱硫技术的研究进展和工艺特点,并概述了目前工业上常用的FCC汽油加氢脱硫催化剂的基本情况。对FCC汽油加氢脱硫技术的发展趋势进行了预测。     

FCC汽油加氢脱硫工艺技术研究进展

为满足清洁汽油的新标准,国内外研究了各种各样的脱硫技术,主要有选择性加氢脱硫技术以及非选择性加氢脱硫技术。本文介绍了国内外典型的加氢脱硫工艺技术,对FCC汽油加氢脱硫工艺技术未来的发展提出了个人的看法。     

FCC汽油选择性加氢脱硫工艺研究进展

加氢脱硫(HDS)是实现FCC汽油馏分脱硫的有效途径,但是传统工艺在脱硫的同时,由于大量烯烃加氢饱和造成辛烷值损失严重.采用选择性加氢脱硫工艺,可以减少辛烷值损失.本文介绍了国内外FCC汽油选择性加氢脱硫工艺的研究进展.     

FCC汽油脱硫技术新进展

综述了FCC汽油不同脱硫技术现状和发展趋势,着重介绍了FCC汽油选择性加氢脱硫和加氢处理／辛烷值恢复技术。对选择性加氢技术与加氢处理／辛烷值恢复技术的差异、应用条件和工艺以及其他脱硫技术等也进行了讨论。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。