非金属矿加工专利文摘(国内)

用铝型材厂工业污泥制造堇青石与莫来石耐火材料的方法(CN1448366A)步骤为：(1)以铝型材厂污泥、粘土、石英、滑石粉为主原料,合成堇青石与莫来石材料,合成温度为1300～1420℃,合成最高保温时间为2．0～10．0h;(2)各粒级合成料组成质量分数：粗粒度合成料30％～50％,中粒度合成料20％～30％,细粒度合成料为30％     

尼泊金乙酯、丁酯合成工艺的改进

改进了尼泊金乙醋、丁酯的浓硫酸催化合成工艺。分别用９５％乙醇替代无水乙醇合成乙酯；用丁醇替代苯作共沸脱水剂合成丁酯。乙酯和丁酯的收率分别为９８．２％、９８．４％。     

吡啶盐酸盐的合成工艺

介绍了吡啶盐酸盐的两种合成工艺,哟啶和盐酸的液液合成法及吡啶和氯化氢气体的气液合成法。液液合成法收率８５％,气液合成法收率９２％。     

水胺硫磷合成工艺研究

通过优选相转移催化剂和溶剂,减少水胺硫磷合成副反应的发生,合成收率达90％～92％。     

高含量硫酸氧钒催化合成草甘膦的工艺研究

合成了高含量硫酸氧钒并用其催化合成出高含量固体草甘磷。草甘膦含量≥９５％,收率≥７４％。     

白屈氨酸合成方法的改进

改进了白屈菜酸和白屈氮酸的合成工艺。以丙酮和草酸二乙酯为原料,经过克莱森缩合,合成了白屈菜酸,再与氨水反应得白屈氨酸。在合成白屈菜酸时,简化了合成步骤,取得产品收率85．3％（文献：88％）;在合成白屈氮酸时,考察了氨水用量对产物收率的影响,比文献报道的合成方法提高反应温度80℃,缩短反应时间40h以上,产品收率90％。     

硫酸催化合成对羟基苯甲酸乙酯及丁酯的工艺改进

改进了尼泊金乙酯，丁酯的浓硫酸催化合成工艺。分别用９５％乙醇替代无水乙醇合成乙酯。用丁醇替代苯作共沸脱水剂合成丁酯。乙酯和丁酯的收率分别为９８．２％和９８．４％。     

高效杀虫剂吡蚜酮的合成

研究了乙酸乙酯法合成了中间体２,３,４,５－四氢－３－氧－４－氨基－６－甲基－１,２,４－三嗪（以下简称氨基三嗪酮）,３－氰基吡啶法合成吡蚜酮。中间体合成收率６０．４％,产品合成收率９３．１％,产品纯度９６．７％。     

6710工业色谱用于尿素合成气相分析

尿素工艺要获得最佳操作条件,必须通过合成气相分析来间接了解合成液相的组成,以指导工艺操作,达到提高合成率、节约能源的目的。而对气相进行多组分分析,应优先考虑使用工业色谱。尿素合成气相温度为180℃,压力为140kgf/cm~2,成分为:NH_3 67％、CO_2 21％、H_2 1.8％、O_2 1.2％、N_2 5％、H_2O     

固体酸催化合成肉桂酸系列酯

比较以硫酸盐和阳离子交换树脂分别为催化剂合成肉桂酸酯。硫酸盐中以硫酸高铈为催化剂效果较好,合成肉桂酸乙酯的合适酸醇摩尔比为n（酸）：n（醇）=1：5,催化剂用量占物料总质量的15％,反应时间5h,转化率为92％,在此条件下合成其他肉桂酸的酯类,转化率在90％以上。阳离子交换树脂中D072为催化剂效果较好,合成肉桂酸乙酯的适宜酸醇摩尔比为n（酸）：n（醇）=1：6．25,催化剂用量占物料总质量的18％,反应时间5h,转化率为92％,在此条件下合成其他成肉桂酸酯,转化率在92％～96％。硫酸高铈重复使用3次,D072催化剂可重复利用8次以上。     

Development of an ultraviolet constant angle Mie scattering detector toward the determination of aerosol growth kinetics in the transition and free molecular regime

Abstract

The measurement of aerosol growth kinetics at ever smaller sizes toward the transition and free molecular regime is of interest to provide for validation of theoretical predictions. Such measurements remain challenging to accomplish, particularly those occurring in the kinetic regime. Toward this goal, an instrument based on the ultraviolet constant angle Mie scattering (UV-CAMS) method was developed. The instrument utilizes adiabatic expansion to cause supersaturation and drive aerosol growth. Aerosol particles growing by water condensation are illuminated with a pulsed UV laser at 337?nm wavelength and a reference laser with red light (wavelength of 632?nm). The scattered light fluxes at 30° are measured simultaneously and are then compared with size resolved Mie scattering calculations providing aerosol growth measurements. The growth curves obtained from UV match those from the red laser. These measurements allow us to see the first Mie peak for UV scattering for particles in the 500?nm range. This is an almost two-fold resolution increase compared to the smallest particles that can be seen via red laser scattering in similar conditions (first Mie peak above 900?nm).     

A Newly Designed and Constructed Instrument for Coupled Infrared Extinction and Size Distribution Measurements of Aerosols

Although atmospheric particles are often non-spherical, Mie theory is commonly used to acquire aerosol optical depth, composition, and transport information from satellite retrievals. In the infrared (IR) region, the radiative effects of aerosols, usually modeled with Mie theory, are subtracted from satellite spectral data to determine key atmospheric and oceanic properties. To gain a better understanding of the infrared radiative effects of aerosols and the methods used to model them, an instrument has been designed to simultaneously measure infrared extinction spectra and particle size distributions obtained from a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and an aerodynamic particle sizer (APS). Infrared extinction spectra are simulated with Mie theory using the measured particle size distributions and available literature optical constants. As a result, the errors associated with using Mie theory to model the infrared extinction of mineral dust aerosol can be quantitatively examined. Initial results for this instrument are presented here. For ammonium sulfate, the Mie theory simulation is in good agreement with our measured extinction spectrum. This is in accordance with the nearly spherical shape of ammonium sulfate particles. However, for illite, an abundant clay mineral, there is poor agreement between the experimental spectrum and the Mie simulation. This result is attributed to particle shape effects.     

Measurement of aerosol size distribution function using Mie scattering—Mathematical considerations

This paper analyzes the applications of Mie scattering to measure the size distribution function (SDF) of aerosols. Measurement of SDF by Mie scattering usually involves solving the Fredholm integral equations of the first kind based on discrete inputs with uncertainties (e.g., extinction measurements at multiple wavelengths or at multiple angles). A set of inputs which are not mutually independent within the measurement error implies that redundancy exists in the measurements and not all the measurements provide useful information for solving the integral equations. To avoid such redundancy, this paper develops a method to analyze the dependency among the kernel functions associated with Mie scattering. Applications of this method are demonstrated and the results provide valuable insights into the optimization of SDF measurement based on Mie scattering, in terms of minimizing the number of measurements needed and revealing the optimal wavelengths and angles to perform the measurements.     

The van de Hulst approximation for light scattering and its use for transmittance predictions in transparent ceramics

The in-line transmittances of transparent spinel and YAG ceramics with a low volume fraction of monosized spherical pores calculated via the exact Mie solution and the so-called van de Hulst approximation are compared. It is shown that the transmittances calculated via the van de Hulst approximation are in surprisingly good qualitative agreement with the exact Mie solutions. In particular, all relevant trends and features of transmittance-versus-wavelength-and-pore-size plots are correctly predicted, so that the van de Hulst approximation may be considered as a perfect tool for material design and process optimization purposes. It avoids the “unphysical” results that can occur in the Rayleigh and Fraunhofer approximations for pores sizes beyond their validity and is much simpler than the Rayleigh-Gans-Debye approximation. Tables listed in the Appendix to this paper allow the reader reconstruct the exact Mie solution results from the easily calculated van de Hulst approximation, if required.     

The use of Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the optical properties of polyester fabric treated with titanium dioxide nanopigments

The current study utilises Monte Carlo simulation and Mie scattering theory to estimate the reflectance spectra of fabric coated with titanium dioxide nanopigments of various diameters and concentrations. Image processing was carried out and experimental data were gathered to evaluate the performance of Monte Carlo simulation. The distribution and location of the nanopigments on the surface of fabric were determined using the Monte Carlo method. Reflection of the fabric was calculated based on Monte Carlo simulation with the partitive mixing method and Mie theory. According to the experimental and simulation results, the reflectance of coated samples was increased by increasing the concentration and number of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. There was a good match between the results obtained by Monte Carlo simulation and the experimental results. For coated samples (dTiO₂: 500 nm), the root mean square error between measured and predicted reflectance by the Monte Carlo and partitive mixing method and by Monte Carlo and Mie theory was 0.022 and 0.0078, respectively. The results indicate that the performance of the Monte Carlo and Mie method was better than that of the Monte Carlo and partitive mixing method. According to t-test analysis, there was no statistically significant difference between the experimental data and Monte Carlo simulation.     

烷烃混合物二元相互作用参数的新型关联式

针对偏离二参数对应状态原理的复杂流体,以Mie势能函数和London色散力理论为基础,引入基于Joffee和Stewart虚拟临界规则的Leland分子形状系数,推导得到状态方程中二元相互作用参数k_ij的新型关联式.取Mie势能函数的参数n为3时,无需经过实验数据返算,关联式可直接计算和预测烷烃混合物k_ij;除了物质的临界性质外,k_ij还是温度、组成、摩尔体积、偏心因子和离子化势能的函数.将关联式初步应用于Peng-Robinson状态方程计算烷烃类混合物的临界压力,计算值与实验值平均偏差小于2.40％,取得满意的结果.     

A study of diameter, polydispersity and refractive index of dow latex 642-6 by light-scattering method

Mie scattering at two different wavelengths was used to determine the mean diameter, the polydispersity and the refractive index of Dow Latex 642-6. The experimental intensity curves were compared with computer-calculated Mie scattering curves, for different diameters, width of the size distribution and refractive indices, in order to find the combination of the above parameters for which the theoretical calculations and the experimental data would be in the best agreement. The mean diameter and the refractive index were found by the positions of the scattering extrema. The size distribution was found by the intensity ratio of the scattering extrema.     

Absorption Enhancement of Coated Absorbing Aerosols: Validation of the Photo-Acoustic Technique for Measuring the Enhancement

A photo-acoustic absorption spectrometer (PAS) and a cavity ring down aerosol extinction spectrometer (CRD-AES) were used, in conjunction with Mie Theory, to measure the refractive index (RI) of absorbing polystyrene spheres (APSS). The PAS and CRD-AES were also used to measure the absorption and extinction enhancement after these APSS were coated in oleic acid. The experimental enhancements were then compared to predictions from coated-sphere Mie Theory. The measured absorption and extinction enhancements both agreed with modeled enhancements to within an average of 5%. A filter-based absorption technique (particle soot absorption photometer, PSAP) was also used to measure the absorption by the APSS and showed a significant size-dependent bias, as evidenced by the filter-based method measuring significantly lower absorption for both uncoated and coated APSS compared to the PAS. These results suggest the validity of applying photo-acoustics to measure the absorption enhancement created by semi-volatile atmospheric species coating absorbing particles.     

利用锥形孔板测量气液二相流量

利用一种改进的防堵孔板和沿程管段的组合装置,基于考虑滑移比影响的均相流模型,应用伯努力方程和连续性方程推导出影响气液二相流干度的因素为p和Δp1-2/Δp3-4,建立了干度的测量模型;并通过支持向量机(SVM)以p和Δp1-2/Δp3-4作为输入变量,干度为输出值,得到干度的测量相对误差≤3.6%,在结合林氏流量测量模型后,在实验测量参数范围内,总质量流量的测量相对误差≤8.3%。实现了运用一个节流件完成流量的双参数测量,并完成了锥形孔板流出系数的标定和林氏模型中参数θ的拟合公式,分析得出它是影响林氏模型测量误差的重要因素。     

香紫苏精油化学成分的研究

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法从陕西栽培的香紫苏花序得到精油 ,再用GC -MS分析 ,从精油中共检出 45种组分 ,香紫苏精油的主要成分是 :乙酸芳樟酯 (65 .0 2 3 % )和芳樟醇 (1 6.892 % ) ,其中 1 4种主要化合物 ,占精油含量的 96.46%。此外 ,检测出一种新组分 :邻氨基苯甲酸芳樟酯 ,在香紫苏精油中含量 :0 .0 66%。