从电子材料到光子材料

电子、光子材料是信息技术的基础材料。结合信息技术（以计算机和通讯为主）的进步来考察从电子材料到光电子材料和光子材料的发展。在下一世纪（兆元世纪），电子材料和光子材料仍奖是全信息科技的架构材料，两者还有天然分工和互补性。     

材料设计研究的3个视角

目的 从设计师、材料特性以及用户体验维度提出材料设计研究的3个视角.方法 采用文献梳理、理论阐述和案例分析的方法对材料设计研究进行系统性整理.结论 材料设计研究的视角包括设计师式的材料探究和材料思维、材料特性和科学选材策略、材料体验和材料驱动创新方法.3个视角有助于厘清材料设计研究的理论和方法,有助于从思维、材料以及体验3个层面构筑材料的研究体系,为未来的材料设计研究提供可行的实践和理论方向.     

“绿色材料”的新发展

说明绿色材料的定义，并从循环材料，净化材料、绿色能源材料、绿色建材，以及绿色材料评价等方面综述其国外的发展动向和存在的问题。     

环境材料发展与展望—第三届国际环境材料大学综述

从环境材料及其生态产品，生物降解材料，材料再生及再循环利用，降低环境负担性的材料加工工艺和技术，环境保护工程材料，生命周期评估等方面介绍了国际上关于环境材料研究的最新进展及发展趋势。     

舰船用高技术新材料的发展

现代科学技术的发展使舰船装备的面貌产生深刻的变化,而高技术新材料又是舰船装备现代化的物质基础,因而在舰船材料的研究与开发中占有很重要的位置。本文综合评述舰船用新型结构材料（新金属结构材料、先进树脂基复合材料、结构陶瓷材料和高温结构材料）和先进功能材料（隐身材料、减振与消声材料、水声换能材料、超导材料、贮氢材料和永磁材料）的发展和应用趋势,并对我国舰船新材料的发展提出意见和建议。     

隐身材料的研究进展

根据隐身原理，概述了隐身材料的研究现状和发展概况。重点介绍了雷达隐身材料、红外隐身材料、激光隐身材料，以及多波段复合隐身材料现状及研究进展。肯定了目前隐身材料方面取得的一些进展，指出今后隐身材料的发展会向着质轻、带宽、高效、耐久的方向发展，而且多波段兼容的隐身材料也会是未来隐身材料发展的趋势。     

机械合金化技术在功能材料中制备的应用

机械合金化(MA)是20世纪70年代初发展起来的一种合成材料的新工艺,用此工艺已经制备出了许多新材料.综述了机械合金化技术在制备电触头材料、超导材料、热电材料、电极材料、稀土永磁材料、储氢材料等功能材料方面的应用,并展望了今后的研究发展趋势.     

台湾功能材料产业与研究概况

本文简要地介绍目前台湾功能材料产业与研究的情况，其中包括化合物半导体、电子构装材料、电子功能陶瓷材料、高温超导体、磁记录材料、稀土永磁材料、发光材料和传感器等。     

综合

1 电子信息材料，2 高性能结构材料，3 新型功能材料，4 新型能源与环境材料，5 新技术、新工艺、新装置     

二十一世纪初的材料科学技术

根据目前材料科学技术的动态,提出以下观点：信息时代的信息功能材料仍是最活跃的领域;能源功能材料将取得突破性进展;生物材料在生命科学的带动下将有很大发展;智能材料与智能系统将得到更多的关注;随着资源的枯竭,环境的恶化,环境材料将日益受到重视;高性能结构材料的研究与开发是永恒的主题;材料制备工艺及测试方法是制约材料能否得到广泛应用的重要因素;纳米材料科学技术将成为21世纪初最活跃的领域;21世纪将逐步实现按需设计材料。最后对不同类型材料的发展前景作了简要估计。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from