矿物源黄腐酸钾在苹果上适宜施用量的研究

为了探讨矿物源黄腐酸钾对苹果膨大期生长、品质及土壤的影响,确定矿物源黄腐酸钾在苹果生产上的最佳用量,开展了矿物源黄腐酸钾根部冲施试验。结果表明：矿物源黄腐酸钾根部冲施可提高苹果可溶性固形物含量、果实横径、单果重,改善土壤酸化,提升土壤有机质含量;其中,可溶性固形物含量、单果重提高显著,以冲施矿物源黄腐酸钾6 kg/667 m²效果最佳,可溶性固形物含量比对照提高了19.01%,单果重比对照提高了10.07%;产值达到23246.3元/667 m²,比对照经济效益提升了1475.8元/667 m²;利润提升以冲施矿物源黄腐酸钾2 kg/667 m²最高,较对照多1510.9元/667 m²。综合苹果生长性状、产量和经济效益分析,矿物源黄腐酸钾在苹果上的适宜施用量范围为2～6 kg/667 m²。     

75 g/L阿维菌素·双丙环虫酯可分散液剂对苹果黄蚜的田间药效评价

[目的]评价新型杀虫剂75 g/L阿维菌素·双丙环虫酯可分散液剂对苹果黄蚜的防治效果。[方法]于山东烟台开展了连续2年的田间药效试验。[结果]75 g/L阿维菌素·双丙环虫酯可分散液剂37.5、45、56.25 g a.i./hm²处理对苹果黄蚜有良好的防治效果,药后7 d防效均在91.34%以上,且在试验剂量下对苹果安全无药害。[结论]75 g/L阿维菌素·双丙环虫酯可分散液剂对苹果黄蚜防效良好,可作为今后防治苹果黄蚜药剂选择的依据。     

复合生物制剂防治苹果轮纹病

由木霉、枯草芽孢杆菌、荧光假单孢菌组成的复合生物制剂可有效抑制苹果轮纹病菌的生长,田间试验表明。复合制剂防治苹果轮纹病。相对防效为84．2％;与波尔多液交替喷施,防效与化学农药无显著差异,并可增加百果鲜重;用以浸果可以减少贮存期苹果烂果病的发生。     

叶面喷施不同钙源肥料对苹果产量和品质的影响

通过喷施3种不同钙源肥料,探究其对苹果产量、品质的影响。结果表明：喷施各钙源肥料可提高苹果果实硬度、叶片SPAD值、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖等生理指标,但对产量影响不显著。其中喷施黄腐酸钙为最佳处理,较清水对照处理,可使苹果硬度显著提高18.1%,可溶性固形物含量显著提高21.1%,可溶性糖含量显著提高16.2%,同时不增加其可滴定酸含量。     

防治苹果炭疽病药效比较试验

苹果炭疽病是我省苹果的主要病害之一,在多雨年份病害尤为严重,可减产50%以上,严重影响到苹果的产量和品质。为了探索防治苹果炭疽病经济有效的方法,从1983年至1986年在民权县国营农场苹果园进行了病害防治试验研究,现将1985年的田间药效试验结果报道如下。     

如何防治苹果储藏期病害？

当前,已经到了苹果大量采摘的时节,果园里飘着苹果的清香。一些果农想储存苹果,希望以后能卖个好价钱：可又怕存在家里,一旦发生烂果或烂窖,一年的成果就损失了。纷纷来电话询问如何储藏苹果,特别是如何防治储藏期病害。     

新杀菌剂烯肟菌胺（SYP-1620）对苹果病害的防治效果

2005-2006年的田间小区试验结果表明:5%烯肟菌胺乳油和20%烯肟菌胺·戊唑醇悬浮剂(爱可)对苹果斑点落叶病、苹果白粉病和苹果轮纹病均有较好的防治效果,100-200 ga.i./hm2的处理剂量下,间隔10-15d,连续施药4-6次能够有效控制上述苹果病害,防治效果优于多菌灵、代森锰锌等常规药剂,且对供试品种安全.     

氟啶虫酰胺防治苹果黄蚜药效试验

为了明确氟啶虫酰胺对苹果黄蚜的防治效果,分别用浸渍法、喷雾法对苹果黄蚜进行了室内毒力测定和田问药效试验.结果表明:10%氟啶虫酰胺颗粒剂可有效防治苹果黄蚜的发生,防效达90%以上,药效可达14 d,田间适宜使用剂量为250～500 mg/kg.     

一种新的杀菌剂“SPARTCIDE”可湿性粉剂

SPARTCIDE试验代号MK-23,是日本组合和三菱共同研究的一个新杀菌剂。1970年在日本开始用于防治柑桔疮痂病和柑桔蒂腐病的田间试验。1971年对苹果黑星病、苹果黑点病、苹果花腐病、Sooty blotch和苹果斑点落叶病进行了药效试验。1976年在日本通过农业部和林业部注册为SPARTCIDE。SPARTCIDE开始试验用于防治番茄和马铃薯的晚疫病,而且对蔬菜灰霉病有效也可     

苹果渣基高吸水树脂的制备

以苹果渣为主要材料,过氧化氢为引发剂,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,采用微波辐射法制备苹果渣基高吸水性树脂,并得到高吸水性树脂的最佳制备条件为:丙烯酸中和度为70%,苹果渣为单体的50%,交联剂为单体的0.5%,引发剂与丙烯酸摩尔比为0.075∶1,以此条件制备得到的苹果渣基高吸水树脂的吸水倍率可达到298 g/g。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。