太子河上游本溪段纳污能力核定

利用河流一维水质模型核定太子河上游本溪河段纳污能力,该河段五个水功能区化学需氧量(COD)纳污能力为6 520.44t/a,氨氮纳污能力为254.12t/a。纳污能力的核定为太子河流域水资源开发利用及保护管理提供科学依据。     

重点河流纳污能力计算与污染物限排控制

根据大连市水功能区水质现状评价结果 ,选取达标率较低的复州河、大沙河作为研究对象,化学需氧量、氨氮为主要污染指标,选定相应的水质模型,设计参数,计算重点河流的水体纳污能力,并计算入河污染物的控制排放总量。结果表明:复州河水体纳污能力化学需氧量和氨氮分别为823.36t/a和40.55t/a,大沙河水体纳污能力化学需氧量和氨氮分别为2 021.67t/a和89.02t/a。     

太湖流域省际边界地区入河污染物总量控制

通过评价太湖流域省际边界地区水环境状况,分析区域污染源情况。在此基础上,采用水量水质模型核算该地区水功能区纳污能力。结果表明:该区域现状COD、NH3-N污染负荷量分别为11.07万t/a7、124 t/a,而该区域COD和NH3-N的纳污能力分别为8.07万t/a和4 009 t/a,现状COD和NH3-N的污染负荷分别是水域纳污能力的1.4倍和1.8倍,超过该区域水环境的承载能力。最后确定了污染物限制排污总量,提出了水资源保护建议。     

千岛湖现状污染负荷分析与限制排污总量研究

根据千岛湖水质现状和水功能区划,确定2015年和2020年千岛湖水质保护目标的污染物浓度,核算现状污染负荷量。将现状CODMn、NH3-N和TP污染负荷量作为千岛湖CODMn、NH3-N和TP的纳污能力,即千岛湖湖区CODMn、NH3-N和TP指标纳污能力分别为16420 t/a、2225 t/a和434 t/a。采用狄龙模型核算千岛湖TN指标的纳污能力,2015年千岛湖TN质量浓度目标值为0.88 mg/L,对应湖区限排总量为3468 t/a;2020年将千岛湖TN质量浓度目标值进一步提高至0.8 mg/L,此时对应湖区TN限排总量为3176 t/a。     

焦作市黄河流域水环境模拟及水资源保护研究

采用二维水流水质模型对焦作市黄河流域河道水环境进行了数值模拟,并计算了河道的纳污能力。结果表明:CODMn和NH3-N是最突出的超标污染物,概化的老蟒河、涝河、义井南、温县污水处理厂排污口附近的水质较差,黄沁交叉口附近的水质良好;针对目前水质情况,通过河道的纳污能力模拟计算,确定入河污染物总控制量为190.92 t/a,2010年、2020年、2030年3个水平年污染物削减量的分摊比例为2∶3∶5。     

小型城市湖泊纳污能力核算中设计水文条件研究

在缺乏长系列水文观测资料的情况下,设计水文条件是制约小型城市湖泊纳污能力核算的重要因素。以武汉市江汉区北湖为研究对象,以降雨径流系数法和水量平衡原理为基础,确定了小型城市湖泊纳污能力核算的设计水文条件并核算了湖泊纳污能力。研究结果显示:北湖COD、总磷和氨氮的纳污能力分别为11.26,0.063 t/a和0.92 t/a,现状条件下污染物入湖量分别为6.94,0.035 t/a和0.35 t/a,污染物入湖量小于湖泊纳污能力,与湖泊水质达标状况相符。表明通过降雨径流系数法和水量平衡原理构建的设计水文条件确定方法可以用于小型城市湖泊的纳污能力核算。     

河北省水功能区纳污能力及限制排污总量研究

依据<河北省水功能区划>,以COD和NH3-N为控制指标,根据入河排污口分析评价结果,合理确定水质模型和水质目标、设计流量等相关参数,应用水质模型计算了水功能区水域纳污能力和应削减量.结果表明,河北省水功能区水域纳污能力COD和NH3-N分别为7.76万t/a和0.34万t/a,仅为现状入河量的21.7%和8.1%;C...     

长江口河段水环境现状分析

以2002年9月底长江口综合整治开发规划水文、水质原型观测资料为依据,运用W值法分析评价长江口河段水质污染现状及其空间分布特征。监测结果表明,长江口河段总体水质属Ⅲ类,个别断面达到了Ⅳ类和Ⅴ类,有多项水质指标出现超标。主要污染因子为TN、CODMn、总铅、氯离子和石油类等。长江口北支水质劣于南支、北港和南港;南支南岸水质劣于北岸;城市江段水质劣于非城市江段;低平潮期水质劣于高平潮期;浅水区水质劣于深泓区;下游水质劣于上游。影响长江口河段水质的污染物既有无机物又有有机物;污染源既有生活污染源又有工业污染源;既有固定源又有流动源;既有点源又有面源;既有随径流流入的又有随潮流带入的。     

上海市水功能区纳污能力和分阶段限排总量研究

以COD、NH3-N为控制指标,应用一维感潮河网纳污能力模型计算上海市水功能区水域纳污能力。结果表明,上海市水功能区COD和NH3-N的纳污能力分别为79.96万t/a和7.56万t/a。以水功能区水质和污染物入河量分析评价结果为基础,制定水功能区分阶段达标目标,并从空间和时间上分解,提出每个水功能区分阶段限制排污总量控制方案。     

长江泰州段水域纳污能力研究分析

研究水域纳污能力可以为水资源保护和水环境管理提供决策依据。本文根据长江泰州段水功能区分布的实际情况,分析水域纳污能力,结果表明:长江泰州段对化学需氧量的纳污能力为36977t/a,对氨氮的纳污能力为1908t/a。     

长江口盐水入侵对海平面上升的响应特征

基于MIKE3软件建立了潮流作用下长江口三维水动力及盐度输运数学模型, 采用实测潮位、流速、流向以及盐度资料对模型进行了验证。运用验证好的数学模型对海平面上升后长江口枯季盐水入侵进行了模拟, 从而分析海平面上升条件下长江口枯季盐水入侵的响应特征, 得出以下结论:海平面上升1 m后, 北支上段、南支、南北港以及南北槽的盐度均上升, 南支平均盐度均超过0.45 psu, 北支中下段的盐度却明显减小;海平面上升后潮汐的作用更强, 北支下段底层层化现象减弱, 北支径流动力增强, 表层层化现象增强, 表层Richardson数达150;南槽Richardson数底部减小, 表层增大, 但垂直结构趋势变化不明显。     

Numerical simulation of water quality in Yangtze Estuary

In order to monitor water quality in the Yangtze Estuary, water samples were collected and field observation of current and velocity stratification was carried out using a shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP). Results of two representative variables, the temporal and spatial variation of new point source sewage discharge as manifested by chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the initial water quality distribution as manifested by dissolved oxygen (DO), were obtained by application of the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) with solutions for hydrodynamics during tides. The numerical results were compared with field data, and the field data provided verification of numerical application: this numerical model is an effective tool for water quality simulation. For point source discharge, COD concentration was simulated with an initial value in the river of zero. The simulated increments and distribution of COD in the water show acceptable agreement with field data. The concentration of DO is much higher in the North Branch than in the South Branch due to consumption of oxygen in the South Branch resulting from discharge of sewage from Shanghai. The DO concentration is greater in the surface layer than in the bottom layer. The DO concentration is low in areas with a depth of less than 20 m, and high in areas between the 20-m and 30-m isobaths. It is concluded that the numerical model is valuable in simulation of water quality in the case of specific point source pollutant discharge. The EFDC model is also of satisfactory accuracy in water quality simulation of the Yangtze Estuary.     

长江口洪季水动力对海平面上升的响应特征

考虑到海平面上升对长江口水动力构成的严重威胁,该文基于MIKE21软件建立了长江口二维水动力数学模型,采用实测潮位、流速以及流向资料对模型进行了验证。对相关文献和IPCC报告进行总结归纳,得到2100年海平面保守上升值约为0.5 m。运用验证好的数学模型对海平面上升0.5 m后长江口洪季水动力进行了数值模拟。计算结果表明:海平面上升后,涨潮时间增长,落潮时间缩短;海平面上升0.5 m后,长江口南北支、南北港以及南北槽高潮位增加了0.43 m–0.46 m,高潮位增幅沿程向上减小,北支上段涨潮动力受阻较明显(潮位增幅较大);海平面上升0.5 m后,北支流速增幅比南支大,北支上段落潮流量增幅达82.8%,对北支水道的发展有利。总体而言,海平面上升对目前长江口沿岸的标准构成了一定威胁,但对已经衰退的北支水道有利。     

Hydrodynamic and morphological processes in Yangtze Estuary: State-of-the-art research and its applications by Hohai University

This paper presents a review of the state-of-the-art research and its applications developed at Hohai University relating to the hydrodynamic and morphological processes in the Yangtze Estuary.Longitudinal, lateral,and horizontal flow circulations have been revealed based on the measurements with acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCP).The hydrodynamic mechanism at diversion points as well as the changing patterns of flow and sediment flux in the Yangtze Estuary has been investigated through long-term data analysis.A field survey has been carried out to detect the saltwater intrusion from the North Branch to South Branch. Different numerical models of flow motion, sediment transport, and saltwater intrusion have been developed to simulate the complicated processes and to evaluate the effects of engineering projects. The morphological processes of wetlands over a time scale of decades have been analyzed with an established database. Ideas for further research on the bio-geomorphological model system and long-term evolution mechanisms are put forward.     

上海长江口取水口、排污口和水源地规划研究

为有序开发长江口,管控沿江取水口和排污口布局,保障水源地安全,根据长江口水环境容量、水功能区划分,参照长江口水质模型计算结果,将长江口水域划分为取水口分区和排污口分区,提出了取水口、排污口规划布局和调整方案。并进一步提出了上海市水源地规划布局以及长江口水源地战略设想。研究表明,合理布设取水口、排污口,减少陆域入江污染负荷,对于保护长江口水环境具有重要作用;长期坚持"两江并举、多源互补"是上海市长期坚持的水源地战略,进一步完善长江口水源地格局、谋划战略水源地,对于上海乃至长江经济带的可持续发展具有十分重要的支撑作用。     

流域水环境容量计算及分配方法探讨——以濑溪河为例

综合考虑区域人口、社会经济发展和环境治理水平,以污染排放和单位流量污染源断面水质贡献率作为指标,基于公平和效率的原则,同时兼顾环境治理激励,构建了水环境容量及污染物分配模型,并以濑溪河流域(荣昌段)水环境容量分配为例进行了研究。结果表明:相较于等比例分配方法,优化分配方案下流域COD_(Cr)和NH_3-N的剩余环境容量分别增加了266.9 t/a和63.2 t/a,目标削减量的确定也更具公平性,更加符合实际情况。研究结果可为流域水环境容量或污染物总量控制工作提供理论依据和技术支持,同时也对流域精细化管理具有重要的意义。     

Comprehensive analysis on the sediment siltation in the upper reach of the deepwater navigation channel in the Yangtze Estuary

The results from both the field measurements and numerical simulation were reported to comprehensively analyze the sediment siltation in the upper reach of the Deepwater Navigation Channel Project in the Yangtze Estuary after the project has been implemented. In this research, firstly some basic information about the river evolution in the Yangtze Estuary is analyzed, including the variations of water depths in the Hengsha Passage and the inlet cross-sections of the North Passage and the South Passage, and changes of diversion ratios of ebb flow and sediment flux in the North Passage and the South Passage, Then the Delfl3D-FLOW model is applied to simulate the hydrodynamics and sediment transport in the Yangtze Estuary. This model has been calibrated and the simulated results agree well with the measured data of the tidal levels, flow velocities and suspended sediment concentration （SSC）, indicating that the model can well simulate the hydrodynamics and sediment transport of the Yangtze Estuary caused by the Deepwater Navigation Channel Project. The research results show that the development of the Hengsha Passage and decrease of diversion ratio of ebb flow and sediment flux in the North Passage are the main reasons of sediment siltation in the upper reach of the Deepwater Navigation Channel in the Yangtze Estuary.     

长江口和杭州湾潮流数值模拟及水体交换的定量研究

利用无结构三角形网格建立了长江口和杭州湾平面二维有限元潮流数学模型,在模拟了长江口和杭州湾潮流场的基础上计算了欧拉余流场,通过长江口和杭州湾交汇处南汇嘴海区水平断面的水交换通道和垂直断面的水交换通量等分析手段和途径,对长江口和杭州湾的水体交换的范围进行了定量计算和讨论.     

控制长江口北支咸潮倒灌支持南水北调

对上海市原水供应的形势和长江口咸潮入侵的态势进行分析.结果表明,在枯水季节,长江口水源地易受咸潮入侵影响,入侵路径为南支咸潮直接入侵和北支咸潮倒灌间接入侵(水文测验数据表明,后者影响较大);南水北调工程尤其是东线工程建成后,在枯水季节运行将减小长江口径流量,降低长江口水位,从而加剧咸潮入侵长江口水源地.为了既保护长江口南支河段淡水资源,又支持南水北调工程上马,上海市水务局已立项对控制北支咸潮倒灌的工程措施以及合理调度和配置长江水资源的非工程措施进行专题研究.