Confidentiality performance of spectral-phase-encoded optical CDMA

Enhanced security has often been cited as an important benefit of optical code-division multiple-access (O-CDMA) signaling but has seldom been analyzed in detail. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the degree of confidentiality that can be provided by spectral-phase-encoded O-CDMA. Two eavesdropping detector structures are presented that can theoretically break the confidentiality of spectral-phase-encoded signals by detecting the code words in use by a specific user. One of them, an optical beat detector, is quantitatively analyzed to determine the probability of correctly detecting user code words. The confidentiality of user signals is shown to be vulnerable to such a detector if an eavesdropper can isolate a single user signal with a sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). At lower SNRs, combining multiple bits is shown to dramatically increase the probability of an eavesdropper correctly detecting user code words; even for codes long enough to strain implementation capabilities (e.g., 2048 code elements), the probability of correct detection is shown to rise from negligibly low values to virtually 100% by the combining of less than 100 transmitted bits at the eavesdropper's receiver.     

基于信道相关性的物理层安全性能分析

针对物理层安全研究中主窃信道具有相关性的场景,研究了主窃信道间的相关性对系统安全性能产生的影响,推导得到了遍历保密容量及中断概率的精确计算式,以及主窃信道的信道状态差异较大和较小这2种场景下的渐近计算式,并通过仿真验证了理论分析的正确性.研究结果表明,信道相关性会造成遍历保密容量的损失,但信道相关性强并不一定表明通信中...     

Conversion and Matched Filter Approximations for Serial Minimum-Shift Keyed Modulation

Serial minimum-shift keyed (MSK) modulation, a technique for generating and detecting MSK using series filtering, is ideally suited for high data rate applications provided the required conversion and matched filters can be closely approximated. Lowpass implementations of these filters as parallel inphase- and quadrature-mixer structures are characterized in this paper in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) degradation from ideal and envelope deviation. Several hardware implementation techniques utilizing microwave devices or lumped elements are presented. Optimization of parameter values results in realizations whose SNR degradation is less than 0.5 dB at error probabilities of 10^-6.     

Shifted carrier-hopping prime codes for multicode keying in wavelength-time O-CDMA

In this paper, we study the use of shifted carrier-hopping prime codes (CHPC) for multicode keying in wavelength-time optical code-division multiple-access (O-CDMA) systems. By using the code's good properties of zero autocorrelation sidelobes and cross-correlation functions of at most one, each user is assigned M=2/sup m/ shifted copies of its own code matrix to represent m data bits per symbol with minimal interference. The advantages of our scheme are that: 1) a lower baud rate O-CDMA system can now support a higher bit rate; 2) no network synchronization is required; 3) no M-fold increase in code cardinality is needed, as compared with standard M-code keying; 4) the numbers of optical encoders and decoders can be reduced from M to one per user, a major hardware cost savings; and 5) user code confidentiality is enhanced, as compared with the transmission of one code matrix for each data-bit one in conventional "on-off keying" O-CDMA schemes. Finally, our performance analysis shows that there is a tradeoff between the error probability and the choice of M.     

一种基于时空编码的物理层安全算法

针对多天线窃听系统的物理层安全问题,提出一种基于时空编码的预编码算法。首先,合法接收者发送训练序列用于发送者估计主信道状态信息,而窃听信道的状态信息合法用户均未知;其次,发送者利用均匀信道分解的方法提取主信道状态信息的特征参数,生成发射端预编码矩阵和合法接收端均衡矩阵,收发联合加密处理提高物理层安全;最后,利用 Monte Carlo方法进行仿真实验,数值分析表明,该算法在窃听者天线数目增多时能够实现非负的保密容量,即使窃听信道质量较好时,窃听者的接收性能仍维持在很差的水平,误码率高达0.5。     

Video transmission in optical fiber communication systems usingpulse frequency modulation

A design procedure has been developed to determine the required operating conditions for a pulse-frequency modulation (PFM) system (modulation index, required system bandwidth, and receiver carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) for a specified receiver SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) and number of clicks per second. The PFM processing gain (=SNR/CNR) was measured to be 40 dB for a modulation index of β=2.5, which agrees closely with the theory. The theoretical processing gain advantage of PFM over FM is 15.9 dB for a modulation index of β=2.5 with receiver bandwidth B_rx =50 MHz     

匿名CLPKC-TPKI异构签密方案

异构签密可以保证不同公钥密码系统之间数据传输的机密性和不可伪造性。本文定义了从无证书公钥密码环境到传统公钥密码环境（CLPKC→TPKI）异构签密方案的形式化模型,并利用双线性对提出了一个CLPKC→TPKI异构签密方案。在随机预言模型下,基于计算Diffie-Hellman和修改逆计算Diffie-Hellman困难假设,证明方案满足内部安全的机密性和不可伪造性。同时,方案满足密文匿名性,可以有效地保护收发双方的身份隐私。方案使用不同的密码系统参数,更接近于实际应用环境。与已有异构签密方案相比,方案的效率较高,适合于收发双方身份保密和带宽受限的应用需求。     

Wavelength-time codes with maximum cross-correlation function of two for multicode-keying optical CDMA

In this paper, a new family of wavelength-time codes with expanded code cardinality and the maximum cross-correlation function of 2 (i.e., /spl lambda//sub c/=2) is constructed and analyzed. One application of the large code cardinality of our /spl lambda//sub c/=2 codes is multicode-keying wavelength-time optical code division multiple access (O-CDMA), in which each user is allocated with multiple code matrices, instead of just one code matrix in the conventional ON-OFF keying (OOK) O-CDMA. System throughput is increased because a lower baud rate O-CDMA system can be used to support higher bit-rate transmission since each code matrix is used to represent a "symbol" of several data bits. User code confidentiality is improved because of symbol transmission. The performances of two multicode-keying O-CDMA schemes with the new /spl lambda//sub c/=2 wavelength-time codes are also analyzed. The results in this paper show that there is a tradeoff between the performance and the number of code matrices per user.     

基于解码转发CR-NOMA协同系统物理层安全性能分析

分析了认知无线电（Cognitive Radio,CR）非正交多址（Non-orthogonal Multiple Access,NOMA）网络中的物理层安全性能。考虑到现有窃听者,支持NOMA的CR通过Nakagami-m信道以解码转发协作模式传输数据。为了分析CR-NOMA物理层安全性能,通过连接中断概率和安全中断概率的闭式表达式来评估CR-NOMA的安全性能。此外,通过蒙特卡罗模拟仿真以验证推导出的分析结果,并深入分析了参数对系统性能的影响。     

基于FPGA的激光雷达回波信号数据采集卡设计

回波信号数据采集设备是激光雷达系统的关键部分。为了提高信噪比,回波信号数据采集设备应当具有滤波和高速数据累加功能,为了满足不同重复频率激光雷达的探测需求,累加过程的采集深度和累加次数等参数应当是可配置的。使用FPGA作为主控设备,实现了一个采样率为20 MHz,具有滤波和硬件累加功能,且参数可配置的通用回波信号数据采集卡 (DAQ card)。测试结果表明,在不同重复频率的触发信号下,采集卡实现了基本的参数配置功能和累加功能,其信噪比为71.9 dB。与国外某回波信号数据采集设备相比,采集卡在高重复频率激光雷达中具有更远的探测距离和更高的信噪比。     

Enhanced Physical Layer Security for Cooperative NOMA Network with Hybrid-Decode-Amplify-Forward Relaying via Power Allocation Assisted Control Jamming

This paper introduces the hybrid-decode-amplify-forward (HDAF) cooperative relaying into a control jamming aided NOMA network under Rayleigh-flat-fading channel conditions. In HDAF, the relay switches between AF and DF modes based on SNR threshold to forward the information signal to the corresponding NOMA users in the existence of an eavesdropper. We first characterize the secrecy performance of the considered network in terms of secrecy rate at both NOMA users analytically under different jamming scenarios. Further, to improve the secrecy rate, Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm-based power allocation is adopted to optimize the powers of jammer, relay, and NOMA users for which maximization of secrecy rate is chosen as the cost function. Moreover, the impact of different numerical parameters such as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), jammer-to-eavesdropper distance, and relay-to-eavesdropper distance on the secrecy rate is investigated at both NOMA users by employing different jamming schemes. The MATLAB based simulation results validate the efficacy of proposed power allocation over fixed power allocation, CJ over other jamming schemes, and application of HDAF relaying for physical layer security enhancement of NOMA enabled cooperative network.

     

高信噪比云与气溶胶探测仪成像系统设计

为获取高信噪比的气溶胶遥感数据,针对光谱仪成像系统链路分析了影响云与气溶胶探测仪信噪比的关键因素。结合光谱仪成像电路系统的响应模型,确定了电子学系统信噪比的表达式,针对可见探测器和红外探测器。提出了模块化的高信噪比成像光谱仪电路系统的设计方法,并描述了云与气溶胶探测仪成像电路系统从总体设计到模块设计的完整研制方案。对云与气溶胶探测仪进行辐射定标试验,试验结果表明:可见单机各通道在典型辐亮度条件下最小信噪比为50.9 dB,红外单机各通道在典型辐亮度条件下最小信噪比为62.3 dB,满足指标要求。针对可见探测器和红外探测器的成像电路系统设计方法对其他光谱仪电路系统设计具有借鉴意义。     

A new DNA cryptosystem based on AG codes evaluated in gaussian channels

This paper proposes a new cryptosystem system that combines DNA cryptography and algebraic curves defined over different Galois fields. The security of the proposed cryptosystem is based on the combination of DNA encoding, a compression process using a hyperelliptic curve over a Galois field \(GF\left( 2^{p}\right) \), and coding via an algebraic geometric code built using a Hermitian curve on a Galois field \(GF\left( 2^{2q}\right) \), where \(p> 2q\). The proposed cryptosystem resists the newest attacks found in the literature because there is no linear relationship between the original data and the information encoded with the Hermitian code. Further, the work factor for such attacks increases proportionally to the number of possible choices for the generator matrix of the Hermitian code. Simulations in terms of BER and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are included, which evaluate the gain of the transmitted data in an AWGN channel. The performance of the DNA/AG cryptosystem scheme is compared with un-coded QPSK, and the McEliece code in terms of BER. Further, the proposed DNA/AG system outperforms the security level of the McEliece algorithm.     

低信噪比下突发通信的同步检测

针对低信噪比下突发通信系统的同步检测问题,提出了一种利用接收信号平均信噪比和瞬时信噪比设置动态检测门限的同步方法,实现了信号检测门限的设置与信号脉冲出现时刻噪声能量的自适应匹配,提高了低信噪比下同步检测概率。计算机仿真表明在同步序列长度为63时,信号的有效检测工作信噪比可以降低到-5 dB。该方法适合于低信噪比下运动平台间的突发通信系统。     

认证的密钥交换协议及SVO逻辑证明

在环境受限的无线通信网络环境中,身份认证和会话密钥的协商是确保通信双方能否建立安全会话的关键。为使认证和密钥建立协议中采用的密码技术能适合受限通信环境中的应用,提出一个基于身份的认证的密钥建立协议,并使用SVO逻辑证明设计协议的安全目标。     

A subband coding, BCH coding, and 16-QAM system for mobile radiospeech communications

A combined subband speech coding (SBC), Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) error-correction coding, and 16-level quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) scheme with switched diversity and speech postenhancement is proposed. The system's performance is dramatically improved by deploying some degree of fade tracking capability over fading channels. Further quality enhancement accrues by using appropriate mapping between the SBC speech codec and the Gray coded QAM words. Various BCH codes are utilized to adequately match the error-correcting power to the perceptual importance of the SBC bits. One of the proposed systems operates at 7 kBd and yields good communications-quality speech for channel signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) in excess of 20 dB and encounters a maximum overall system delay of 55.125 ms. A more complex arrangement uses second-order switched diversity to reduce the channel SNR required to around 16 dB and the transmission rate to 5 kBd when the vehicular speed is 30 mph while the system delay is unchanged at 55.125 ms     

Partially coherent DS-SS performance in frequency selectivemultipath fading

The bit-error rate (BER) performance of a direct sequence spread spectrum (DS-SS) signal, operating over a multipath Rayleigh fading channel, is investigated when corrupted by phase noise as well as additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The phase noise arises from phase locked loop (PLL) dynamics and results in imperfect receiver phase estimates whereby the phase errors assume Tikhonov densities. The phase estimates are used by a multipath-combining RAKE receiver for demodulation. Approximate upper-bounds on the bit error probability are obtained and evaluated for different combinations of channel parameters and for various values of the average loop signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Results indicate that for a PLL with loop SNR 10 dB above the system E _b/η₀, the degradation is less than 3 dB, and for a loop SNR of 20 dB above E_b/η₀, the degradation is less than 1 dB     

小波变换在白光干涉数据处理中的应用

采用小波变换方法对分布式寄生偏振耦合测试仪(DPCA)采样数据进行滤波除噪。实验结果表明,通过采用Daubechies小波对采样数据进行5阶分解、除噪并重建信号后,信噪比(SNR)满足测量要求：SNR从65dB左右提高到80dB以上,SNR增益达到15dB以上,提高了光纤陀螺DCPA对保偏光纤绕组中偏振耦合点的检测灵敏度。     

A low-cost multichannel optical transmission system for videosignals

A novel low-cost multichannel optical transmission system for video signals is described. The system uses time-division multiplex pulse-position modulation (TDPPM). The transmitter and receiver are realized in a standard bipolar process while an external low-cost laser and PIN photodiode are used. A maximum of 16 channels can be multiplexed, while achieving a weighted signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 54 dB, a differential gain of 1% and a differential phase of 0.5°. For a launched power of 0 dBm (pulse amplitude), the optical budget for a 45 dB weighted SNR exceeds 20 dB. Besides video signals the system is also capable of handling other signals such as digital coded audio signals or computer data. The feasibility of a four-channel system has been confirmed by measurements     

Comparison of fiber-optic Sagnac and Mach-Zehnder interferometerswith respect to thermal processes in the fiber

The impact of thermal noise in the fiber on the noise power and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of fiber-optic sensors is investigated, and sensors based on the Sagnac and the Mach-Zehnder interferometers are compared. The SNR is almost the same for the two interferometers; the Mach-Zehnder interferometer has slightly higher SNR at low frequencies, whereas the Sagnac interferometer may have a few dB higher SNR at high frequencies. It is also shown that thermal noise may dominate over shot noise for realistic system parameters, in which case a Sagnac interferometer has several advantages over a Mach-Zehnder interferometer