含氮硼酸酯与磷酸酯添加剂在PAO10中的摩擦特性协同效应

合成一种含氮硼酸酯润滑油添加剂二羟乙基十八胺硼酸酯,利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察其分别和磷酸三丁酯、磷酸三甲酚酯复配后在基础油PAO10中的摩擦学性能;采用扫描电子显微镜对磨损表面形貌进行分析。结果表明:合成的含氮硼酸酯与磷酸酯复配后表现出比其单剂更优异的抗磨减摩性能,两者在摩擦学性能上具有很好的协同效应;极压性能随着磷元素含量的减少而变差;含氮硼酸酯与磷酸酯复配后可使摩擦副表面磨痕变浅,磨斑减小。     

润滑油添加剂的复合作用对接触疲劳的影响

作者利用四球机改装的快速滚动接触疲劳试验机 ,采用触逐级加载法强化试验 ,研究了硼酸酯、氯化石蜡和二烷基二硫代硫酸锌 (ZDDP)添加剂复合作用对 45钢滚动接角疲劳的影响。试验结果认为 ,硼酸酯与氯化石蜡和 ZDDP复配 ,在保证油品极压性能的前提下 ,因减摩 ,缓蚀作用而提高金属材料的接触疲劳寿命。并指出 ,研究复合功能添加剂各种性能之间的相互作用和综合效果 ,是改善润滑油添加剂影响零件接触疲劳寿命的有效手段。     

纳米蛇纹石粉末与柴油机油抗磨减摩剂协同润滑性能研究*

为提升高强化柴油机润滑油的润滑性能,将纳米蛇纹石粉末与极压抗磨剂ZDDP和有机钼减摩剂MoDTC相互复配,采用环块式摩擦试验机研究不同添加剂之间的协同润滑性能,分析摩擦因数、磨损量以及摩擦产物组成等受添加剂组成的影响规律。结果表明:蛇纹石粉末与MoDTC和ZDDP复配能够降低润滑油的摩擦因数与磨损量,并减少摩擦表面划痕;蛇纹石粉末在摩擦副表面形成摩擦自修复涂层,提高摩擦表面硬度和抗磨性能;蛇纹石粉末与MoDTC和ZDDP复配时,蛇纹石粉末促进了MoS_2在摩擦表面的生成,进一步降低了摩擦因数,表明蛇纹石粉末与MoDTC和ZDDP起到协同减摩的作用。     

固体添加剂、摩擦改进剂在锂基润滑脂中的应用研究

针对常用复合锂基润滑脂存在的润滑极压抗磨性不足等问题,研究不同固体添加剂、摩擦改进剂对复合锂基润滑脂极压抗磨减摩性能的影响。结果表明,固体添加剂对复合锂基润滑脂极压抗磨性能影响较大,其中PTFE和二硫化钼组成的复配剂可使润滑脂得到优异的极压和抗磨性能;摩擦改进剂Priolube 3986复酯和硬脂酸复配具有协同作用,可明显增强润滑脂的抗磨减摩性能;固体添加剂和摩擦改进剂对润滑脂的润滑作用可以优势互补,全面提升润滑脂综合性能。     

固体添加剂和摩擦改进剂对锂基润滑脂性能的影响

针对常用复合锂基润滑脂存在的润滑极压抗磨性不足等问题,研究不同固体添加剂、摩擦改进剂对复合锂基润滑脂极压抗磨减摩性能的影响。结果表明,固体添加剂对复合锂基润滑脂极压抗磨性能影响较大,其中PTFE和二硫化钼组成的复配剂可使润滑脂得到优异的极压和抗磨性能;摩擦改进剂Priolube 3986复酯和硬脂酸复配具有协同作用,可明显增强润滑脂的抗磨减摩性能;固体添加剂和摩擦改进剂对润滑脂的润滑作用可以优势互补,全面提升润滑脂综合性能。     

磷酸三甲酚酯和 ＺＤＤＰ 的极压抗磨协同效应

利用四球试验机考察磷酸三甲酚酯 (TCP)和二烷基二硫代磷酸锌（ZDDP）的极压抗磨性能以及TCP和ZDDP复配后极压抗磨的协同效果。试验结果表明,TCP的抗磨性能要优于ZDDP,但ZDDP的极压性能要好于TCP;在较低的负荷下,TCP与ZDDP复配后能产生一定的协同抗磨效应;ZDDP添加剂可有效地改善TCP的极压性能。     

烷基咪唑-螯合硼酸离子液体摩擦学性能

以1,3-二癸基咪唑为阳离子,双水杨酸螯合硼酸为阴离子开发一类新型的环境友好螯合硼酸酯-烷基咪唑离子液体n-DICB/i-DICB,采用四球试验机考察2种添加剂在三羟甲基丙烷三油酸酯(PETO)基础中的摩擦学性能,采用SEM、EDX和XANES分析磨损表面的形态和摩擦中形成的摩擦膜的化学成分。结果表明：n-DICB/i-DICB具有优异的综合摩擦学性能,可显著提高可生物降解基础油的减摩、抗磨和极压性能;i-DICB的减摩性能和极压性能优于n-DICB,质量分数2.5%的i-DICB可使PETO的摩擦因数和磨斑直径分别降低33.0%和22.1%,最大无卡咬负荷提高66.6%。摩擦过程中,n-DICB/i-DICB形成了由B₂O₃、Na₂B₄O₇、NaBO₃和BN等混合物组成的致密摩擦膜,这是离子液体具有优异的摩擦性能根本原因。     

肼基硼酸酯的水解稳定性及摩擦学性能研究

以水合肼为原料合成硼酸三乙醇肼酯（肼基硼酸酯）;用高斯计算硼酸三乙酯、硼酸三乙醇胺酯、硼酸三乙醇肼酯3种硼酸酯水解前后各化合物中硼原子所带的电荷量;采用敞口法分别测定3种硼酸酯的水解稳定性;利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察合成的肼基硼酸酯在菜籽油中的摩擦学性能。结果表明：合成的硼酸三乙肼酯具有良好的水解稳定性,是硼酸三乙酯的2 800倍,硼酸三乙醇胺酯的2.3倍,并且在低载荷下硼酸三乙肼酯有较好的极压减摩和抗磨性能。利用XPS、SEM考察磨损钢球表面的成分和形成的边界膜结构,结果显示所加入的添加剂都吸附在钢球表面,形成了以B2O3为主的沉积膜和以氮元素为主的吸附膜等组成的润滑膜,阻止了摩擦磨损的进一步进行。     

含氮硼酸酯与有机锡添加剂的抗磨协同机制

利用四球试验机评价了含氮硼酸酯(BNO)和二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸锡(SnDDC)添加剂的极压和抗磨性能,以及它们复配后的极压抗磨性能。结果表明:BNO和SnDDC都具有较好的抗磨性能,当BNO与SnDDC复合后,SnDDC的浓度比例高于BNO时,不仅具有良好的抗磨协同作用,而且没有影响油样的极压性能。磨斑表面扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱分析(EDX)结果表明,在摩擦过程中,金属表面形成的保护膜中锡元素含量的大小,对于该复配体系的抗磨性能有着重要的影响。     

新型有机铋化合物的极压抗磨性能

利用四球试验机评价合成的环烷酸铋的极压抗磨性能以及与硫化异丁烯(T321)、ZDDP、磷酸三甲酚酯(TCP)、氯化石蜡(T301)常用添加剂之间的极压和抗磨协同性能。结果表明,环烷酸铋具有优良的极压抗磨性能,同硫化异丁烯之间有突出的极压协同作用,与ZDDP和氯化石蜡之间也有良好的抗磨协同作用和极压协同作用,可显著提高润滑油的极压性能和改善抗磨性能;但与磷类添加剂(磷酸酯)的协同性较差。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.