肋片增强式梯级相变储热系统放热特性的三维数值

梯级相变储热技术已被证明是解决相变材料导热性能差的重要方法。已有的关于梯级相变储热系统的数值研究通常是基于一维或二维数学模型完成的,大部分的研究聚焦于系统的储热过程。本工作设计了一种肋片增强型三管式梯级相变储能系统,并建立了三维数值模型。然后研究了系统放热过程中各级PCM的性能变化规律,探究了传热流体进口温度和PCM初始温度对系统放热速率的影响规律。结果表明,在放热过程中,各级PCM相变不会同时发生,受到储热材料的相变温度和潜热的影响最大。传热流体进口流速的增大会提高相变材料的放热速率,但随着流速的进一步增加,放热速率的提高程度明显减弱。相变材料的初始温度对显热放热过程具有一定的影响,但对于潜热放热阶段影响较小。     

组合相变材料柱状储热单元的储热特性实验研究

主要研究由硬脂酸,切片石蜡和月桂酸三种相变材料组合的圆柱储热单元的储热特性,测试结果表明,与单一相变材料的储热单元相比,组合相变材料的付热单元的储热速率明显提高。     

潜热储热系统强化传热研究进展

近年来,潜热储热系统在太阳能和工业废能的利用中发挥着极其重要的作用,因此用于潜热储热的相变材料受到普遍关注.文章对国内外潜热储热系统众多强化传热技术进行了综述与讨论.     

新型分叉翅片强化管壳式储能罐储热性能北大核心CSCD

针对相变材料的质量和最大储热能力因翅片占据相变储能装置的部分体积而下降的问题,实现翅片结构优化具有重要意义。本工作在传统纵向翅片的基础上根据分叉形状提出了一种新型翅片来提高管壳式相变储能罐的储热性能,并针对该装置中相变材料带自然对流的熔化过程进行了三维数值模拟研究,分析了翅片数量、传热流体的入口温度和流速对相变材料熔化过程的影响。研究结果表明:与具有同等体积和数量的纵向翅片相比,新型分叉翅片显著加快了管壳式相变储能罐的蓄热过程。与无翅片和纵向翅片相比,新型分叉翅片使相变材料的熔化时间分别缩短了59.9%和23.4%,平均储热速率分别提高了142.1%和31.4%。在不改变翅片体积的前提下,增加翅片的数量可以减少相变材料的熔化时间,提高平均储热速率,但当翅片数量超过6时,对储热性能的进一步改善效果不明显。提高传热流体的入口温度和流速不仅可以缩短相变材料的熔化时间,也可以增加总储热量和平均储热速率。研究结果可为管壳式储能装置的结构优化和太阳能的高效利用提供一定的参考价值。     

列管式相变储热单元的优化模拟CSCD

列管式换热器具有结构牢固、传热面积大、材料使用适应性强等优点,是相变储热领域应用较为广泛的一种换热器。但由于大部分相变材料热导率偏低,导致换热器的换热性能较差,因此提高相变储热器的储热效率,是目前国内外研究的热点。本工作对列管式相变储热单元进行了二维非稳态模拟优化,研究了换热器结构、翅片数目及中心距3种参数对储热性能的影响,并探讨了熔化过程中相变材料的温度和液相率变化趋势。研究结果表明,与圆形换热器结构相比,正方形换热器储热性能更优;相比于无翅片的储热换热器,添加翅片后储热性能得到显著提升,相变材料熔化时间缩短66％;对中心距而言,在一定范围内,随中心距减小进出口降压增大,但储热性能相应提高。     

储热技术研究进展与展望

储热技术在解决可再生能源间歇性问题和提高能源利用效率等方面发挥着重要作用。本文针对储热技术的研究进展,分别从材料、装置、系统、政策干预等方面进行了综述。针对储热材料的性能提升,本文对构建复合型储热材料的配方研究、材料特性的微观模拟研究,及其相关的制备技术进行了总结。此外,随着高温熔融盐储热材料在光热发电系统中的广泛应用,本文对其产生的高温腐蚀行为与腐蚀防护技术进行了概述。储热装置方面,本文重点介绍了板式、填充床式和管壳式储热单元的强化传热方法。储热系统与应用方面,本文对基于相变储热和热管理、热化学储热、液态空气储能的应用研究进行了概述。最后,储热技术的发展离不开适当的政策干预,因此本文对不同国家针对储热技术制定的相关政策进行了报道。     

含碳二元系相变储热材料储热性能分析选择北大核心CSCD

相变储热技术与聚光太阳能发电技术相结合可以提高太阳能的利用率,减缓化石燃料燃烧带来的环境压力。本文通过分析相变储热材料的选择标准,对筛选出具有研究价值的含碳二元系相变储热材料的性能特别是热物理性能进行分析。研究发现,硅、硼、铝、铬、铁单质材料与碳元素形成的二元化合物或固溶体具有较高的熔点,形成的含碳二元系相变储热材料在高温相变储热领域应用前景广阔。在含碳二元系相变储热材料中,Fe-C二元合金可满足高温相变储热系统1100~1500℃的相变储热要求,当合金为含碳4.3%的Fe-C共晶成分时,Fe-C二元合金的相变潜热理论值为611 kJ/kg,热导率约为(40±16)W/(m·K),相变温度为1148℃,具有相对其他合金成分更为优异的综合储热性能可用于聚光太阳能热发电系统储热。     

基于复合相变材料储热单元的储热特性

对基于复合相变材料储热单元的储热性能进行了研究。建立了复合材料和储热单元体内部的二维传热模型,考察了复合材料物性和结构尺寸及传热流体操作条件(流体流速)对单元体储热性能的影响,对比了两种不同结构单元体的储热性能,并搭建实验平台进行了实验对比研究。对比结果表明,模型结果与实验结果趋于一致,验证了模型的准确性。复合材料物性和结构尺寸及传热流体操作条件对单元体储热性能有较大的影响。相比较单管储热单元体,同心管储热单元体有着更优的储热特性,在相同的操作条件下,同心管储热单元体的储热、放热时间较单管储热单元体分别减少10%和15%。     

水平多管式换热器内部相变石蜡储热特性实验研究

设计并搭建了水平多管式相变储热系统,以水为传热流体(HTF)、石蜡为相变材料(PCM),通过实验对储热系统的具体蓄热特性和不同操作条件下HTF与PCM之间的传热特性进行定量分析,评估了HTF体积流量和进口温度对紧凑型低温相变储热系统功率输入、吸热完成时间以及储存能量的影响。该系统主要由一个聚碳酸酯壳和水平定向的多管换热器以及石蜡组成,其中石蜡相变温度约为41℃。结果表明：随着HTF进口温度或体积流量的增加,吸热完成时间减少,平均吸热功率增大,且增加速率都随着进口温度的增大而变小;HTF体积流量分别为4.5,6.0和7.5 L/min时,吸热过程耗时300.7,252.9和226.7 min;在58,64和70℃的进口温度下,吸热完成时间分别为270.1,226.7和204.9 min;提高HTF进口温度,会导致换热结束时石蜡温度与HTF出口温度出现越来越靠近的趋势,而在提高HTF体积流量时,却呈现相反的趋势。     

组合式相变材料组分配比与储热性能研究

采用焓法对组合式相变材料(PCM)储热系统的相变过程进行了数值计算,分析了组合式相变材料中各个PCM组分质量分数的变化对系统储热性能的影响。结果表明,对于组合式相变材料储热系统,存在着最优组分配比,使得系统的储热性能达到最佳。     

Three—Dimensional Heat Transfer Analysis for A Thermal Energy Storage Canister

IlltroductionSolar dynamic power modules (SDPM) with phasechange material (PCM) is a vital solution to ensureuninterrupted power supply for low-earth orbitapplication. The advantage of SDPM is its longerlifehme and higher efficiency. Longer lifetime results insubstanhal savings in hardware replacement, launch, andon-orbit installation costs. Because of SDPM's higherefficiency, its solar collection area is only about 25percent of that for a PV system. This would allowspacecraft operatin…     

Phase change and heat transfer characteristics of a eutectic mixture of palmitic and stearic acids as PCM in a latent heat storage system

The phase change and heat transfer characteristics of a eutectic mixture of palmitic and stearic acids as phase change material (PCM) during the melting and solidification processes were determined experimentally in a vertical two concentric pipes energy storage system. This study deals with three important subjects. First is determination of the eutectic composition ratio of the palmitic acid (PA) and stearic acid (SA) binary system and measurement of its thermophysical properties by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Second is establishment of the phase transition characteristics of the mixture, such as the total melting and solidification temperatures and times, the heat transfer modes in the melted and solidified PCM and the effect of Reynolds and Stefan numbers as initial heat transfer fluid (HTF) conditions on the phase transition behaviors. Third is calculation of the heat transfer coefficients between the outside wall of the HTF pipe and the PCM, the heat recovery rates and heat fractions during the phase change processes of the mixture and also discussion of the effect of the inlet HTF parameters on these characteristics. The DSC results showed that the PA–SA binary system in the mixture ratio of 64.2:35.8 wt% forms a eutectic, which melts at 52.3 °C and has a latent heat of 181.7 J g⁻¹, and thus, these properties make it a suitable PCM for passive solar space heating and domestic water heating applications with respect to climate conditions. The experimental results also indicated that the eutectic mixture of PA–SA encapsulated in the annulus of concentric double pipes has good phase change and heat transfer characteristics during the melting and solidification processes, and it is an attractive candidate as a potential PCM for heat storage in latent heat thermal energy storage systems.     

Thermal performance of a solar cooker based on an evacuated tube solar collector with a PCM storage unit

The thermal performance of a prototype solar cooker based on an evacuated tube solar collector with phase change material (PCM) storage unit is investigated. The design has separate parts for energy collection and cooking coupled by a PCM storage unit. Solar energy is stored in the PCM storage unit during sunshine hours and is utilized for cooking in late evening/night time. Commercial grade erythritol was used as a latent heat storage material. Noon and evening cooking experiments were conducted with different loads and loading times. Cooking experiments and PCM storage processes were carried out simultaneously. It was observed that noon cooking did not affect the evening cooking, and evening cooking using PCM heat storage was found to be faster than noon cooking. The cooker performance under a variety of operating and climatic conditions was studied at Mie, Japan.     

Numerical analysis of charging and discharging performance of an integrated collector storage solar water heater

This work aims to evaluate the energy and the exergy performance of an integrated phase change material (PCM) solar collector with latent heat storage in transient conditions. A theoretical model based on the first and the second laws of thermodynamics is developed to predict the thermal behaviour of the system. The effect of natural convection on heat during the melting process is taken into account using an effective thermal conductivity. Influence of PCM thicknesses on the melt fraction, on the energy stored and on the exergy destroyed are studied during charging and discharging processes. Results indicate that the complete melting time is shorter than the solidification time. The latent heat storage system increases the heating requirements at night and reduces the exergy efficiency.     

Heat storage in direct-contact heat exchanger with phase change material

This paper describes the development and performance of a direct-contact heat exchanger using erythritol (melting point: 391 K) as a phase change material (PCM) and a heat transfer oil (HTO) for accelerating heat storage. A vertical cylinder with 200-mm inner diameter and 1000-mm height was used as the heat storage unit (HSU). A nozzle facing vertically downward was placed at the bottom of the HSU. We examined the effects of flowrate and inlet temperature of the HTO using three characteristic parameters of heat storage – difference between inlet and outlet HTO temperatures, temperature effectiveness, and heat storage rate. The temperature history of latent heat storage (LHS) showed three stages: sensible heat of solid PCM, latent heat of PCM, and sensible heat of liquid PCM. Further, the operating mechanism of the DCHEX was proposed to explain the results. The average heat storage rate during LHS was proportional to the increase in flowrate and inlet temperature of HTO. Thus, latent heat can be rapidly stored under large HTO flowrate and high inlet temperature in the DCHEX.     

适用于废热回收的相变蓄热装置数值模拟与实验研究

固-液相变潜热蓄热技术是一种极具前景的工业废热回收方式,通过管壳式换热器可利用相变材料(PCM)吸收工业废热加以储存再用于加热水,从而实现了工业废热的回收利用.对填充高导热多孔筛网的管壳式潜热蓄热单元(LHSU)建立了二维数学模型,并对填充与未填充筛网的蓄热容器一同进行了相变蓄热实验.实验结果表明,填充筛网能够有效改善PCM的传热性能;实验数据和计算值吻合的较好,证明了计算模型的有效性.利用计算模型,对3种PCM(石蜡P116、硬脂酸和软脂酸)蓄热系统进行了数值计算.结果表明,采用软脂酸的蓄热系统热性能最佳,能很好地满足供应生活热水的设计要求.研究结论对蓄热系统的设计和性能优化有一定的指导作用.     

Energy analysis of space solar dynamic heat receivers

Energy analysis of space solar dynamic heat receivers employing solid–liquid phase change storage is developed. The heat receiver is a critical component of a solar dynamic system. Phase change thermal energy storage is used in the heat receiver. The energy analysis presented here can be used to understand the energy transfer in the heat receiver and thermal energy storage in phase change materials (PCM). The heat receiver cavity radiation mathematical model and the working fluid tube heat model are established. Energy loss, energy absorbed by gas, the latent and sensible thermal energy storage in PCM, maximum tube temperature, gas outlet temperature and liquid PCM fraction were calculated. The results are analyzed and could be used in heat receiver design.     

Experimental research on thermal characteristics of PCM thermal energy storage units

To explore thermal management integration in electric vehicles (EVs), a phase change materials (PCMs) thermal energy storage unit using flat tubes and corrugated fins is designed. The investigation focuses on the thermal characteristics of the PCM unit, such as the temperature variation, heat capacity, and heat transfer time, etc. Meanwhile, the heat storage and release process will be influenced by different inlet temperature, liquid flow rate, melting point of the PCM, and the combination order of the units. Under the same inlet temperature and flow rate condition, the PCM unit with higher melting point enters the latent heat storage stage slowly and enters the phase change melting release stage quickly. Furthermore, the heat storage and release rates increase with increasing liquid flow rates, but the effects are diminishing in the middle and later periods. The multiple PCM units with different melting temperatures are cascaded to help recycle low-grade heat energy with different temperature classes and exhibit well heat storage and release rates.     

Thermal energy storage properties of the capric acid–stearic acid binary system and 48# paraffin–liquid paraffin binary system

In this paper, the phase change temperature, latent heat and thermal stability of the capric acid–stearic acid binary system and 48# paraffin–liquid paraffin binary system were experimentally studied. The experimental results showed that the phase change temperature and phase change latent heat change with the content of the component. The phase change temperature of binary mixtures changes in a wide range, so they can be used in different fields by adjusting mixing ratio. The phase change latent heat of fatty acid mixtures is higher than that of paraffin mixtures. The thermal stability of fatty acid mixtures is better than that of paraffin mixtures. The mixtures used in the phase change material (PCM) wall or the PCM floor as energy storage materials are given in the paper.     

An analysis of a packed bed latent heat thermal energy storage system using PCM capsules: Numerical investigation

This paper is aimed at analyzing the behavior of a packed bed latent heat thermal energy storage system. The packed bed is composed of spherical capsules filled with paraffin wax as PCM usable with a solar water heating system. The model developed in this study uses the fundamental equations similar to those of Schumann, except that the phase change phenomena of PCM inside the capsules are analyzed by using enthalpy method. The equations are numerically solved, and the results obtained are used for the thermal performance analysis of both charging and discharging processes. The effects of the inlet heat transfer fluid temperature (Stefan number), mass flow rate and phase change temperature range on the thermal performance of the capsules of various radii have been investigated. The results indicate that for the proper modeling of performance of the system the phase change temperature range of the PCM must be accurately known, and should be taken into account.