表面镀钨层对金刚石/铜复合材料热导率的影响

采用真空微蒸发-扩散镀技术,在金刚石表面镀覆不同厚度的钨层,并结合真空熔渗法制备金刚石铜复合材料。通过X射线衍射分析镀覆层相结构,采用扫描电镜观察镀覆层表面微观形貌和复合材料中金刚石与铜界面结合形貌,分析金刚石表面镀钨层组织、结构及厚度对金刚石/铜复合材料热导率的影响。结果表明:金刚石表面镀覆钨能改善与基体的润湿性;随着镀覆层均匀性和厚度增加,复合材料热导率先增加后减小;完整均匀的镀覆层可以获得较高界面热导。     

复合镀覆Ti—Ni金刚石的钎焊应用

镀覆技术的研究进展表明：经过真空微蒸发镀钛、钨的金刚石单晶或聚晶,可以采用化学镀或电镀的方法在钛或钨镀层上进一步镀覆镍、钴、铬等金属,这种复合镀层与金刚石界面强力冶金结合,并且可以采用各种钎焊方法实现金刚石与多种金属基体的焊接。复合镀覆的金刚石可用于各类表镶工具的制造,获得高出刃、高磨粘结合强度,使金刚石表镶工具的使用寿命和加工效率大幅度提高。     

金刚石粉体表面CVD法镀钨的工艺研究

目的增强金刚石与基体的界面结合能力。方法首先对金刚石粉体进行"除有机物→除油→粗化→烘干"处理。采用自制化学气相沉积装置,研究了以H_2和WF_6为反应气体在金刚石表面CVD法镀覆钨工艺。使用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(SEM)等检测方法,分析了金刚石粉体镀层钨的微观形貌、成分、组织结构,对镀层包覆金刚石粉体相关性能进行了初步测试。结果在粒径约为223.6mm的金刚石表面获得均匀致密镀覆层的最佳工艺参数为:沉积温度670℃,沉积时间2 min,H_2通入量1 L/min,WF_6消耗量2 g/min。沉积温度为580℃时,获得的均匀致密钨镀层的厚度为150 nm,且镀层杂质含量较少。将镀覆钨的金刚石和普通金刚石分别与铜粉热压烧结后进行抗弯强度测试,结果显示含镀覆钨的金刚石试样抗弯强度提高了38.6%。加入镀钨金刚石压块的热膨胀系数比加入普通金刚石的有所降低,并且加入的镀钨金刚石粉体越多,压块的热膨胀系数越低。结论镀钨后的金刚石颗粒的表面性能得到改善,与基体的结合能力得到提高。     

金刚石真空微蒸发镀钛的一些延伸产品及应用

以真空微蒸发镀覆技术为核心，围绕各类高性能超硬材料工具的不断开发应用，目前已经形成了超硬磨料镀覆金属化系列产品。包括镀覆单一金属的超硬磨料，如镀钛、镀钨的金刚石；镀覆合金的超硬磨料，如镀钛－铬合金的金刚石；真空微蒸发镀覆之后再经电镀形成的多层复合镀超硬磨料，如复合镀Ti-Ni具质量、降低制造成本和新产品开发有显作用。     

金刚石表面复合镀层结构及可钎焊性研究

本通过对金刚石表面镀覆Ti及Ti Ni等不同镀层研究，研究了不同镀层条件下金刚石可钎焊能力，利用XRD，EDS等研究了金刚石与镀层，镀层与焊料之间的结合关系，研究表明，表面具有金属性质的镀覆Ti Ni镀层的金刚石可焊性大幅度提高，与焊料金属润湿良好，复合镀层的贡献显，这主要得益于Ti镀层与金刚石的冶金结合及Ni镀层更为优异的抗氧化能力，进而可改善金属结合剂金刚石工具的使用性能。     

电火花烧结制品中金刚石表面不同镀层对其性能的影响

本文研究了表面镀覆Ti及Ti Ni的金刚石在电火花脉冲放电烧条件下表面镀层与镀层之间、镀层与金属颗粒之间的放电及熔焊现象，镀层对制品抗折强度及颗粒出露高度的影响。研究表明，表现具有金属性质的镀覆Ti及Ti Ni镀层金刚石能够参与粉末冶金过程中的脉冲放电烧结，增加了金刚石颗粒与基体金属的把持能力，从而大幅度提高了制品的抗折强度及颗粒出露高度，进而大幅度提高了金刚石工具的寿命及锋利度。     

金刚石表面镀层在磨具中的作用机理

采用湿法镀（化学镀、电镀）或真空镀（蒸发镀、溅射镀、离子镀）方法,在金刚石表面镀覆一层铜、镍、钛、钼、钨等金属,或者它们的复合镀层。表面镀覆已经与单晶合成、分选、聚晶烧结、气相沉积一起,成为金刚石多品种专用化发展的五条重要途径之一。镀层赋予金刚石所需要的各种特有的物理化学性能,不仅可以提高金刚石颗粒强度以及与结合剂的结合强度,还有对金刚石表面的宏观隔离保护作用和对金刚石结构的微观侧面支撑作用．从而有利于防止金刚石在使用过程中被氧化和石墨化。特别是在树脂结合剂磨具中,镀层的热导率介于金刚石和树脂之间,可以有效地减缓磨削热脉冲对树脂造成的热损伤,从而显著延长其耐用度,使树脂磨具的使用寿命提高50％-100％。     

熔盐法合成Ti和TiC镀覆层对金刚石热稳定性的影响

金刚石表面金属化处理是提高金刚石制品性能的重要技术手段之一，镀覆层质量对金刚石及其制品的热稳定性和耐磨性都具有重要影响。采用高温熔盐法在金刚石表面成功镀覆Ti和TiC层，利用XRD、SEM对镀覆层的组成和形貌进行表征，并对镀覆后金刚石颗粒的热稳定性进行研究。结果表明：镀覆后金刚石由黄色变为灰黑色，其光学透过率大大降低。在800～900℃镀覆时，金刚石表面会形成Ti和TiC复合镀层，但800℃时的镀层比较稀疏，甚至出现漏镀现象，而在900℃时得到的镀层比较均匀致密；在1 100℃镀覆时，镀覆层为TiC，镀覆层较厚而且出现分层、开裂现象。由于镀覆层的保护作用，金刚石的氧化温度增加，失重率大大降低。尤其是在900℃时镀覆后，金刚石的失重率由原料的91.3%降至镀覆后的9.3%，热稳定性显著提升。因此，熔盐法合成Ti镀覆层的最佳温度为900℃。     

金刚石表面改性单金属镀层的研究进展

在查阅国内外相关文献资料的基础上,综述了金刚石表面碳化物形成元素单金属镀层以及金刚石表面碳化物形成元素的镀覆方法及其发展情况,可为金刚石表面改性的研究和应用提供参考。     

超硬材料系列镀覆产品及应用

以真空微蒸发镀覆技术为核心，围绕各类高性能超硬材料工具的不断开发应用，目前已经形成了超硬磨料镀覆系列产品。包括镀覆一层金属的超硬磨料，如镀钛、镀钨的金刚石；镀覆合金的超硬磨料，如镀钛－铬合金的金刚石；真空微蒸发镀覆之后再经电镀形成的多层复合超硬磨料，如复合镀Ti-Ni的金刚石等。这些系列镀覆产品分别适用于金属粉末烧结工具、钎焊工个和树脂结合剂工具，以于提高工具质量、降低制造成本和新产品开发有显著作用。新近研制成功的一种适用于树脂结合剂工具的刚玉涂覆的超硬磨料，克服了镀镍、镀铜超硬磨料镀覆成本高及使工具变钝的缺点，是树脂工具升级换代的新产品。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。