国外新技术文摘

日本新的模板体系CPF可望在欧洲推广四位英国模板专家在日本参观了一种新的模板体系,被称之为控制渗透模板—CPF。它是由过滤和排水材料以及结构支撑所组成。这种过滤材料可使空气与水通过,但足以阻止水泥颗粒损失,排     

微细颗粒物在过滤介质中过滤特性的CFD-DEM模拟

基于CFD-DEM（离散单元法）方法模拟了微细颗粒物在纤维过滤介质中的气-固两相流动特性,模拟时,充分考虑了颗粒群组成、粒径分布、颗粒间及颗粒与纤维间的反弹作用以及颗粒团聚等因素,分析了纤维过滤中颗粒群的运动特性和微细颗粒的沉积形式。结果表明：采用CFD-DEM模拟过滤介质的过滤过程以及微细颗粒在介质表面沉积过程和形式的方法是方便且可行的,模拟结果与前人的实验观测结果基本吻合;在过滤过程中,表面过滤的贡献较大,大部分的颗粒在介质表面即被捕集,进入到介质内部的部分粒径较小的颗粒经深层过滤作用而被捕集;大量的颗粒捕集是由颗粒-颗粒捕集机制来实现的;不同颗粒体系的颗粒群其过滤效果也有所差别,对于本文所研究的过滤介质模型,多颗粒体系的过滤效率比单一的颗粒体系的过滤效率高20%左右。     

三轴应力路径下珊瑚砂的颗粒破碎模型

基于不同轴向应变下平行试样的三轴试验结果,分析了珊瑚砂在三轴排水与不排水条件下颗粒破碎随加载的演化过程,探讨了现有的颗粒破碎能量模型和基于应力的Hardin破碎模型的局限性.为了更好地分析颗粒破碎中间发展过程的特征,将引起颗粒破碎的机制分解为压缩和剪切两部分,并分别建立了与之相对应的破碎模型.压缩机制是指在等应力比条件...     

透水模板布水泥浆淤堵过程模拟分析

因依据现有过滤介质堵塞理论模型,建立出的透水模板布(CPFL)淤堵过程与颗粒过滤过程的关系均是定性的,并无法进行定量分析,故本文采用综合渗透排水能力测定仪,模拟混凝土浇筑时CPFL的淤堵过程,测试并计算得出CPFL淤堵过程中混凝土中多余水分通过CPFL的渗排速度v,CPFL淤堵程度f,时CPFL淤堵过程进行定量分析。     

三轴试验条件下钙质砂颗粒破碎影响因素研究

针对钙质砂颗粒易破碎的特点,对取自南海某礁的钙质砂进行大量三轴试验,研究钙质砂在不同围压、粒径、级配、密实度、排水条件和含水率条件下的颗粒破碎情况,分析以上因素对钙质砂颗粒破碎的影响。试验结果表明:钙质砂颗粒破碎受围压影响显著,与粒径并没有明显相关性;级配越好的钙质砂破碎越小;密实度增大会导致颗粒破碎加剧;不同排水条件下钙质砂颗粒破碎受有效围压影响;颗粒破碎随含水率增加而变大。     

车库顶板排水保护系统施工技术

该技术介绍了一种车库顶板排水保护系统,利用合成材料薄膜压型成的排水板构造排水层,聚酯无纺布过滤水土,KD-1020型(HDPE)排水保护板具有排放土壤内渗水、防植物根系穿刺、层内排水疏导排泄、隔热、隔振、卷材防水系统软保护等功能于一体的体系。     

孔隙水运移特性及对尾矿细观结构作用机制试验研究

 利用自行研制的尾矿细微观力学与形变观测试验装置,研究尾矿充水过程、荷载作用和排水过程中孔隙水的运移特征及其对尾矿细观结构作用机制。结果显示：尾矿水位线实际达到高度大于计算获得的水位线高度;受荷载作用,充水条件下各层尾矿颗粒沉降位移显著大于未充水条件下相同位置颗粒的沉降位移;充水条件下尾矿颗粒沉降位移随荷载的增加可分为线性增长阶段、显著增长阶段和稳定阶段,显著增长阶段出现在200～400 kPa荷载下;受荷载与孔隙水的作用,尾矿细观结构会形成曲折复杂供水运移的通道,该通道的形成过程发生在尾矿颗粒沉降位移的显著增长阶段;孔隙水夹带尾矿小颗粒运移,对尾矿颗粒分布有一定的影响;尾矿颗粒沉降位移与细观结构受排水影响较小,其变化主要在排水初期。最后,提出水的毛细管作用下尾矿坝实际浸润线的概念与计算方法,研究孔隙水与荷载综合作用下尾矿细观结构变形破坏机制,为深入探索水引起的尾矿坝灾变机制及稳定性评价等具有重要的实际意义。     

新型高温煤气净化技术的试验研究

开发了高温煤气净化新工艺,进行了自行研制的脱硫剂在流化床气化条件下的气流床脱硫和流化床再生工艺、脱硫剂的硫化和再生过程动力学行为研究.通过移动颗粒床-表面过滤板复合除尘器和CANDLE陶瓷除尘器,在高温煤气净化前后,进行了高效除尘.进行了气体中碱金属和重金属含量分析.     

粗集料性质对排水沥青混合料性能的影响分析

粗集料的强度和颗粒形状特性对排水性沥青混合料的性能影响较大,而且在高温和重载条件下更为显著。通过大量的室内试验分析了粗集料压碎值和针片状含量对排水性沥青混合料性能的影响。测试结果表明,压碎值高、针片状颗粒含量多的粗集料会造成排水性沥青混合料的排水功能、抗飞散性能、抗水损坏性能的下降。     

颗粒滤料与纤维滤料组合过滤研究

颗粒滤料与纤维滤料组合过滤结合了颗粒滤料具有深层过滤和纤维滤料具有高精度过滤的特点,这种组合滤池避免了其他组合滤池存在的缺陷,具有较好的过滤特性和反冲洗特性。试验结果表明:在进水浊度为10～80 NTU,滤速9～20 m/h的条件下,这种组合滤池运行稳定,固体悬浮物质量浓度去除率≥95%,截污量可达24 kg/m3。与单独采用石英砂和纤维滤料的滤池相比,其具有过滤速度快、周期长、截污量大、水头损失小、反冲洗耗水耗气量小等特点。     

Field monitoring of wicking geotextile to reduce soil moisture under a concrete pavement subjected to precipitations and temperature variations

Wicking geotextile can reduce water contents in pavement layers under unsaturated conditions due to capillary action through grooves of wicking fibers. Reduction of soil water content under the pavement can minimize pavement distresses. So far, there have been limited use and verification of the wicking geotextile in reducing water content of soil under concrete pavements in the field. In this field study, moisture sensors were installed in three test sections under a newly-built concrete pavement during its re-construction. The base course in one test section had a higher percentage of small particles than those in other two sections. The wicking geotextile was used between the base course and the subgrade in two test sections while a nonwoven geotextile was used in one test section. All test sections were subjected to precipitations and temperature variations. Field monitoring data showed that the wicking geotextile reduced the volumetric water content (VWC) of an aggregate base more than the nonwoven geotextile and its wicking ability decreased as the content of small particles increased. In addition, the wicking ability of the wicking geotextile decreased as the temperature decreased due to the reduction in the evaporation rate and the increase in the water retention capacity of the soil at low temperatures.     

Laboratory tests to evaluate effectiveness of wicking geotextile in soil moisture reduction

A new type of woven geotextile, referred to as wicking geotextile, was developed and introduced to the market. Since this wicking geotextile consists of wicking fibers, they can wick water out from unsaturated soils in a pavement structure thus resulting in an increase of soil resilient modulus and enhance performance of roadways. In this study, a physical model test was developed to evaluate the effectiveness of the wicking geotextile in soil moisture reduction for roadway applications. A test box with a dimension of 1041 mm in length, 686 mm in width, and 584 mm in height was used in this study. Two HDPE plastic panels were used to separate the box into two sections, one containing a dehumidifier and the other backfilled with soil. The dehumidifier was adopted to collect the water, which was wicked out from the soil by the wicking geotextile and evaporated into air. Test results show that (1) the wicking geotextile wicked water out from the soil even at the moisture content close to the optimum moisture content and (2) the comparison of soil moisture contents before and after rainfall demonstrated that the wicking geotextile maintained the soil moisture contents after rainfall close to those before rainfall and had an effective distance for the soil moisture reduction.     

Fine fraction filtration test to assess geotextile filter performance

The proper design of the openings of a geotextile filter requires a balance between providing upstream soil particle retention and avoiding excessive geotextile clogging. While this balance can be reasonably achieved quite well for most soil types and hydraulic conditions, it is different when the flowing liquid is turbid (containing a large amount of suspended particles) and/or under high, or dynamic, hydraulic gradients. This paper presents a test method to assess the behavior of individual soil particles in a slurry form as they approach, encounter and interact with a geotextile filter.

The paper describes the concept and details of the test method, called the fine fraction filtration (F³) test, and presents data on five different geotextiles which were evaluated using three different soil types. It was seen that soils with particle sizes larger than the geotextile's opening structure can build a stable upstream network; soil with particle sizes smaller than the geotextile's opening structure can pass through the geotextile; and intermediate particle size conditions can give rise to excessive clogging. An additional series of tests were conducted using the same five geotextile filters but now using a pre-placed upstream soil filter above the geotextiles. Clogging conditions generally occurred albeit within the soil column rather than within the geotextile.

The F³ test is felt to be a meaningful test for those conditions where the upstream soil particles are not in intimate contact with the geotextile filter. In such cases, the test method can probably be considered to be a performance test. For other, more typical soil placement conditions, the test method can be considered to be a very challenging indext test.     

Evaluation of moisture reduction in aggregate base by wicking geotextile using soil column tests

This study investigated the distance effect on water reduction by the wicking geotextile in a base course experimentally using three sets of soil column tests. In each set of tests, two soil columns were constructed by compacting well-graded aggregate over a non-wicking woven geotextile and a wicking geotextile. A portion of the geotextile specimen was extended outside of the soil column for evaporation. The changes of the water contents in the soil column were monitored by volumetric water content sensors installed at various depths. The experimental results indicate the capillary drainage by the wicking geotextile effectively reduced water content within the soil column up to a distance from the wicking geotextile (i.e., approximately 200 mm for this specific aggregate with 10% fines). The test results also show that the wicking geotextile could reduce more water content of the aggregate below its optimum water content at a faster rate than the non-wicking geotextile.     

Influence of particle shape on the shear strength and dilation of sand-woven geotextile interfaces

The influence of particle shape on the mechanical behavior of sand-woven geotextile interfaces over a wide domain of soil density and normal stress is studied. A uniformly graded angular fine sand, and a blend of well rounded glass beads with identical particle size distributions, were selected as granular material. Experiments revealed the impact of particle shape on peak and residual friction angles as well as the maximum dilation angle of interfaces between both granular media and woven geotextile. It was observed that the residual friction angles of interfaces between angular sand/glass-beads and woven geotextile are very similar to the residual friction angles of angular sand and glass-beads in soil–soil direct shear test. It is understood that the peak friction angle and maximum dilation angle of angular sand-woven geotextile were slightly lower than corresponding values for angular sand in soil–soil direct shear test. While the peak friction angle and maximum dilation angle of angular sand-woven geotextile interface decrease with the increase in normal stress, experiments showed that these factors are insensitive to normal stress for glass beads-woven geotextile interfaces, at least for the range studied herein. All interfaces with woven geotextile as the contact surface exhibit an abrupt loss of shear strength in the post-peak regime of behavior. Finally, a unified stress-dilation law for the angular sand-woven geotextile, glass beads-woven geotextile, and angular sand-roughened steel interfaces is obtained.     

土工布加固软土地基的机理试验研究

土工布与土体的界面摩擦力是衡量其对土体加固效果的关键因素,本文首先根据土工布与土体拉拔摩擦试验的机理,设计并制作了界面剪切测试仪,该试验测试仪具有试验精度高、应用广泛和操作步骤简单的特征,然后采用此测试仪对土工布与砂土的界面摩擦力进行了试验研究,试验参数包括不同的竖向压力、土工布层数和砂土含水率。试验结果表明:增加竖向压力能够显著提高土工布与土体的界面摩擦力;相同竖向压力作用下,土工布层数超过2层时,对其界面摩擦力提高并不显著;相同条件下,当砂土含水率超过5%时,提高砂土含水率能够显著降低土工布与土体界面摩擦力。这些研究结果可为土工布加固土体的设计和施工提供依据。     

粘性土中土工织物抗拉力可靠度数值模拟计算

本文基于建立的非嵌入摩擦界面模型模拟土与土工织物非连续变形界面效应,分析计算粘性土中土筋聚合板抗拉力设计的可靠性问题,按变形控制土筋板抗拉设计值,极限状态方程建立是根据考虑变形的土筋板抗拉力设计值与考虑土性参数变异性的可能发生值之差来表示的,采用可靠度分析的改进一次二阶矩法（ＡＦＳＯＭ）假定粘性土的重度,粘聚力和内摩擦角为互相独立的随机变量,采用数值方法分析计算上土筋抗拉力的可靠度。     

Deformation analysis of geotextiles in soils using the finite element method

This paper introduces a no-tension FEM analysis of the deformations of geotextile-reinforced embankments. The influence of the discontinuous plane between the geotextile and the soil must be taken into consideration in such an analysis. Goodman et al.¹ suggested the introduction of joint elements in order to analyze the influence of the discontinuous plane in the application of the finite element method. In the analysis presented, the above suggestion by Goodman et al. was extended so that the joint elements with a thickness of t were introduced between the geotextile and the soil. The geotextile was converted to plane truss elements which would resist tensile stress but not flexural stress. Pull-out testing was then carried out to study the stress and deformation of the geotextile in the soil. Large model tests were also conducted to study the effect of geotextiles in preventing the formation of bumps at bridge approach banks. The correlation of test results and analytical results obtained by the finite element method was confirmed.     

Investigation of geotextile–soil interaction under a cyclic vertical load using the discrete element method

Geotextiles are often used in roadway construction as separation, filtration, and reinforcement. Their performance as reinforcement in geotextile-reinforced bases depends on geotextile–soil interaction. This paper investigates the geotextile–soil interaction under a cyclic wheel load using the Discrete Element Method (DEM). In this study, soil was modeled as unbonded particles using the linear contact stiffness model, and the geotextile was modeled as bonded particles. The micro-parameters of the soil and the geotextile were determined using biaxial tests and a tensile test, respectively. The influence of the placement depth and the stiffness of the geotextile on the performance of the reinforced base was investigated. The DEM results show that the depth of the geotextile significantly affected the degree of interaction between the geotextile and the soil. Under the applied cyclic vertical load, the geotextile developed a low tensile strain. The effect of the stiffness of the geotextile on the deformation was more significant when the geotextile was placed at a shallower location than when placed at a deeper location.     

大型疏浚土充填袋筑堤技术研究

为缓解砂石资源紧缺、保护生态环境、降低工程造价和高效利用航道疏浚土,以大型疏浚土充填袋筑堤技术应用于连云港港徐圩港区围堤建设为工程实例,通过稳定性分析计算、离心模型试验开展了大型疏浚土充填袋筑堤技术的理论可行性研究,并结合原型试验提出了新型配套施工工艺,形成了相关成套技术。研究表明:袋体土工织物加筋作用良好,堤体及地基稳定性能够满足安全设计;控制疏浚土充填料初始含水率、采用泥浆泵与浓浆泵串联接力的施工工艺,能够提升大型疏浚土充填袋筑堤施工效率,满足正常围堤建设强度需要;低含水率疏浚土充填料排水较快、袋体实际有效厚度较为理想、堤体地基较为稳定,大型疏浚土充填袋筑堤具有其技术可行性。