戊二醛偶联组氨酸修饰金电极测定铜离子的研究

本文主要研究了一种基于戊二醛偶联组氨酸修饰金电极的方法 ,并以该修饰电极为工作电极利用方波伏安法建立了一种检测痕量铜离子的新方法。在铜溶液中搅拌富集 ,铜离子与修饰电极表面的组氨酸形成配合物吸附在电极表面 ,在磷酸缓冲液 (pH 6 8)中 ,该配合物具有良好的电化学响应。在对不同浓度的铜离子进行检测时发现在 1× 10 - 1 2 ～ 1 8× 10 - 1 1 mol/L和 5× 10 - 7～ 2 1× 10 - 5mol/L之间方波伏安还原峰电流与铜离子浓度呈现良好的线性关系 ,其最低检测限可达 0 5× 10 - 1 2 mol/L ,并对可能的检测机理进行了探讨     

DNA-碳纳米管／聚苯胺复合膜选择性测定多巴胺

构建了DNA-碳纳米管/聚苯胺复合膜修饰的玻碳电极,研究了抗坏血酸(AA)存在下多巴胺(DA)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,发现DNA-碳纳米管/聚苯胺复合膜对多巴胺有明显的电催化作用.在0.1mol/L磷酸缓冲溶液(pH7.0)中,用方波伏安法(SWV)测得氧化峰电流与DA浓度在0.1～30×10-5mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系.该修饰电极用于样品DA的检测,结果满意.     

多巴胺在聚甘氨酸化学修饰电极上的催化氧化及其痕量测定

用方波伏安法研究了多巴胺在电聚合甘氨酸膜修饰电极上的电化学行为,该修饰电极对多巴胺的氧化具有明显的催化作用,氧化峰电位负移,氧化电流明显增大,使得测定灵敏度显著提高.本文通过实验选择了最佳聚合时间,最佳pH条件,讨论了温度的影响以及反应机理.该电极有较宽的线性范围:2.5×10-7～1.2×10-4mol/L,检出限(信噪比=3)为8.0×10-9mol/L.对5×10-5mol/L多巴胺平行测定8次相对标准偏差为1.4%,该电极有效地排除了抗坏血酸的干扰,具有良好的稳定性和重现性,被用于样品中多巴胺的测定.     

聚4-氨基丁酸修饰碳纳米管掺杂碳糊电极的制备

以4-氨基丁酸(4-ABA)为修饰剂,制备了4-ABA修饰碳纳米管掺杂碳糊电极(P-4-ABA /CNTPE),研究了多巴胺(DA)在此修饰电极上的电化学行为,并用于DA的检测。在pH 2.0的BR缓冲溶液中,DA在P-4-ABA/CNTPE电极上产生一对灵敏的氧化还原峰。其氧化峰电流与DA的浓度在8.0×10-5～5.3×10-7mol L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,检测限为2.0×10-7mol L-1。所修饰电极具有较好的重现性、稳定性,应用于针剂中多巴胺含量的测定,结果令人满意。     

银、L-半胱氨酸修饰电极同时测定多巴胺和抗坏血酸

采用电聚合的方法将银、L-半胱氨酸先后修饰到电极表面,制备了银、L-半胱氨酸修饰电极fPLC／Ag／GCE）。研究了多巴胺和抗坏血酸在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,构建的电极可实现对多巴胺和抗坏血酸的同时检测。实验表明：在扫速为120mV／s,pH=3．0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液（PBS）中,多巴胺产生一对氧化还原峰,其氧化峰和还原峰的电位分别为0．447V和0．409V;而抗坏血酸只产生一个明显的氧化峰,其峰电位为0．238V。多巴胺和抗坏血酸的AEpa=0．209V,不需要分离便可对两者进行同时检测。在最佳条件下,测定多巴胺和抗坏血酸的线性范围分别为1．00×10-6～2．50×10-4mol/L和7．50×10-6--1．00×10-3mol／L．检出限分别为5．0×10-7mol／L和2．5×10-6mol／L。该方法可用于多巴胺和抗坏血酸的同时测定。     

苯羟基乙酸修饰电极的研制及应用

本文研制了苯羟基乙酸修饰电极的制备及电化学性质。修饰电极对抗坏血酸(AA)的氧化还原有明显的催化作用,AA 的氧化电位负移了280mV。在 pH9.6BR 缓冲溶液中,以200mV 为工作电位,AA 在修饰电极上的响应电流与 AA 的浓度在3×10～(-6)10~(-3)mol/L 范围内呈良好的线性关系,检测下限为1.2×10~(-7)mol/L。在此电位下,多巴胺(DA)对 AA 的测定无干扰,电极的重现性良好,可用于实际样品 AA 的测定。     

聚4-氨基丁酸修饰碳纳米管掺杂碳糊电极的制备及其对多巴胺的测定

以4-氨基丁酸(4-ABA)为修饰剂,制备了4-ABA修饰碳纳米管掺杂碳糊电极(P-4-ABA/CNTPE),研究了多巴胺(DA)在此修饰电极上的电化学行为,并用于DA的检测.在pH 2.0的BR缓冲溶液中,DA在P-4-ABA/CNTPE上产生一对灵敏的氧化还原峰.其氧化峰电流与DA的浓度在8.0×10-5 mol/L ～ 5.3× 10-7 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检测限为2.0×10-7 mol/L.所修饰电极具有较好的重现性、稳定性,对抗坏血酸(AA)和尿酸(UA)具有较好的抗干扰能力.应用于针剂以及人体实际尿样中多巴胺含量的测定,结果令人满意.     

基于青霉胺自组装膜的生物传感器及其应用研究

研究了青霉胺自组装膜在金电极上的电化学特性.在pH7.3的磷酸缓冲溶液中,利用差分脉冲法考察了多巴胺与尿酸在此修饰电极上的电化学行为.该电极可用于多巴胺与尿酸的同时测定,两者在修饰电极上的电位差可达到380 mV,且互不干扰.多巴胺与尿酸的氧化峰电流分别在1.0×10-4至1.0×10-3 mol/L,8.0×10-4至4.0×10-3 mol/L范围内与其浓度的大小呈良好的线性关系,检出限分别为6.5×10-6,2.1×10-5 mol/L.青霉胺自组装电极稳定性好,选择性高,可用于实际样品的测定,结果满意.     

石墨烯修饰电极对抗坏血酸和多巴胺的同时检测

通过将电化学聚合的聚赖氨酸膜(PLL)修饰的玻碳电极浸入氧化石墨烯(GO)溶液中4h,利用电化学方法将电极上吸附的氧化石墨烯进行还原(ERGO),然后滴涂聚阳离子电解质(PDDA)制得PDDA/ERGO/PLL/GC修饰电极。研究了抗坏血酸和多巴胺在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,结果表明在PDDA和石墨烯的共同作用下,使得抗坏血酸(AA)和多巴胺(DA)的氧化峰电位负移,两者的氧化峰电位差达到140mV。利用微分脉冲伏安法考察了抗坏血酸和多巴胺的同时测定,AA的线性范围是0.2～2mmol/L,DA的线性范围是1～230μmol/L。该修饰电极具有良好的稳定性和重现性。     

菲酐-纳米金修饰电极同时检测抗坏血酸、多巴胺和尿酸的研究

多孔结构的3,4,9,10-茈四甲酸二酐（PTCDA）作为骨架,用抗坏血酸做还原剂制备纳米金（GNPs）,制备了高催化活性的PrC—GNPs复合纳米材料。将该材料用于玻碳电极的修饰（GCE）,制得PTC—GNPs复合材料修饰的电极（PTC—GNPs／GCE）。该修饰电极能够同时对尿酸（UA）、多巴胺（DA）和抗坏血酸（AA）进行检测。分别使用循环伏安法（CV）和差分脉冲伏安法（DPV）对UA、DA和AA和在修饰电极上的电化学行为进行研究。实验结果表明,在pH=5．0的PBS缓冲体系中,该修饰电极对UA、DA和AA的线性响应范围分别为0．002～0．462mol／L、0．002～0．352mol／L和0．04～1．54mol／L。该传感在临床医学检测领域具有一定的应用前景。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.