某卷烟厂生产车间环控和动力系统节能潜力分析

卷烟厂生产车间对温度和湿度都有严格的需求,所以卷烟厂的空调系统和动力系统在全年能耗占比中非常大,这成为卷烟厂的节能重点。对某卷烟厂空调系统包括风系统、水系统、加湿系统、空压系统能耗现状进行了测试和分析。根据卷烟厂热湿负荷特点,为该厂房的节能改造提出合理的技术方案。分析表明,设置变频控制可有效提高风机和水泵的运行效率,过渡季节充分利用新风可有效降低空调系统能耗;加湿系统改为以等焓喷雾加湿为主、蒸汽等温加湿为辅,可节约较多制冷能耗及蒸汽消耗;空压系统热回收节能措施潜力巨大,热回收比例可达80%。     

变风量系统分区设计对某超高层办公建筑空调能耗的影响

以北京地区某超高层办公建筑为例,采用DeST软件模拟计算了不同朝向建筑分区的全年逐时冷热负荷。比较了4种不同变风量空调系统形式的全年供冷、供热量及运行费用。通过对比分析可得,应根据建筑分区负荷特点采用内外区分设空调及新风系统的方案,但是设置热回收新风机组的节能性不佳。     

卷烟厂温湿度的节能控制

卷烟厂生产车间全年要求保持恒温恒湿,空调系统全年运行,运行能耗高.结合卷烟厂的工艺特点,采用多工况分区节能控制,空调系统交风量运行,冷水机组交水温运行等节能技术,实现空调节能运行.     

温湿独立控制技术在卷烟厂房中的应用

针对卷烟厂车间传统组合式空调机组存在的热湿联合处理导致巨大的再热能耗问题,本文提出基于温湿度独立控制思想,对新风进行预处理。组合式空调机组采用高温冷源,新风预处理机组采用独立冷源。夏季设计工况下,可节省60kW的制冷量和避免57kW的再热量。同时,根据被控车间的热湿负荷特性和当地室外气象条件,给出了全年各个工况区域的控制策略。实测结果表明卷烟厂车间内温湿度控制精度达到要求。     

地源热泵与排风多级热回收技术在工程中的综合应用

结合我国南方地区的气候特点,针对实际工程,提出了带排风多级热回收的地源热泵供暖空调与热水供应集成系统。介绍了该系统的节能原理,在分析建筑全年动态负荷特性的基础上计算了系统的节能性。结果表明,该系统全年供暖空调及供热水平均COP为5.3,投资回收期约5.5年,且冷热负荷不平衡率大大降低,具有较好的节能性、经济性和广阔的应用前景。     

天津地区某高层办公楼能耗模拟与节能潜力分析

建筑能耗中供暖空调能耗所占比例约为55%,是实现建筑节能的关键。采用DeST-c模拟了天津地区某新建高层(20层)办公楼能耗,将模拟结果与传统负荷计算结果进行了对比,同时分析了空调系统的风系统和水系统分别采用排风热回收和变流量技术后的节能潜力。对比分析表明与传统负荷计算方法相比,能耗模拟软件计算的全年累计冷热负荷值分别减少43.0%和31.0%,全年累计冷热负荷指标仅为传统负荷计算值的21.0%和26.0%。风系统采用排风热回收技术后,冷水机组总容量从1 800 kW降到为1 500 kW,全年制冷能耗节省5.3万kW·h;水系统采用变流量水系统技术后,理论上每年节省2.5万kW·h能耗。采用排风热回收和变流量两项节能措施后,空调系统总能耗降低约8%,节能效果明显。     

纺织工厂的气流组织与节能

本文以纺织工厂织造车间的空气调节为例,对采用不同气流组织的二个空调系统进行对比分析,并通过小型实验的验证,找出气流组织与节能的关系。一、织造车间的空调热负荷及空调系统 (一)空调热负荷 1.工作区内的空调热负荷它是由织机散热、工作区内的局部照明设备散热及人体散热三部分组成。 2.工作区上方区域内的空调热负荷它是由太阳辐射热及车间的全面照明设     

武汉某展览馆空调系统设计

本文主要根据展览馆项目的负荷计算结果确定了空调冷热源系统的形式,同时简要地介绍了空调末端系统及生活热水系统的形式。接着确定了各类负荷需求下地源热泵机组及泳池除湿热泵机组的联合运行方式,同时根据全年累计冷热负荷计算结果,分析地源热泵系统的地热平衡情况,进一步优化系统运行的方式。     

基于热湿分控模式的电子厂房空调系统节能改造

根据电子元器件生产车间显热负荷大,湿负荷小的特征,结合空调系统及工艺冷却不同的冷冻水温度需求,采用热湿分控空气处理模式对空调系统进行了综合节能改造,构建了高低温双冷源系统,取消了板式换热器及三次冷冻水泵,增加了自控系统对空调系统进行动态优化和运行调节。结果显示,改造后系统全年运行节能率为25.9%~32.8%,不仅能较好地满足生产工艺对环境的需求,且运行稳定,达到了预期的目的。     

四管热泵热回收型空调系统及其能耗分析

简要介绍了四管热泵热回收型空调系统的构造和运行，给出了用于评价整个系统综合性能的系统能效比的定义，分析了系统全年能效比随建筑冷热负荷比Ｋ的变化规律，指出在一定的Ｋ值范围内，四管热泵系统既能够满足不同用户的冷热需求，又能实现节能运行，能效比高于通常的双管热泵系统。     

博西华家用电器有限公司供冷供热系统设计

介绍了厂房供冷供热系统设计。采用多能源联合制冷方式为舒适性空调及不同温度的工艺冷却水提供冷源,冬季采用闭式冷却塔供冷,冷水系统采用二次泵变流量系统,变频控制。制冷站根据季节自动切换制冷方式以取得最佳运行模式,达到节能目的。     

不同地区土壤温度及建筑负荷特性对地源热泵系统的影响

本文以我国不同地区的地源热泵为研究对象,首先对地埋管系统建立了CFD模型,根据各地区的土壤初始温度和热物性进行模拟计算,讨论了几种工况下土壤换热能力及地埋管进、出口温差的变化。而后对某办公建筑匹配不同地区的围护结构参数,利用DeST软件进行模拟计算,得出了各典型城市建筑负荷特性,进一步分析了建筑负荷对地源热泵系统的影响。分析可知无论是从热泵机组效率角度考虑,还是从土壤热平衡角度考虑,低纬度地区均不宜单独使用地源热泵系统进行空调和采暖,应考虑采用辅助冷热源,构建复合型采暖空调系统。     

以城市污水为热(冷)源的供热与空调系统实验研究

城市污水蕴含大量的可利用热(冷)能,是尚待开发利用的低品位能源。为研究城市污水热(冷)能的开发利用技术,笔者研制了以城市污水为热(冷)源的供热与空调实验系统,采用间接换热的方法回收城市污水的热(冷)能,解决了由于污水水质造成的换热设备及管道的腐蚀问题,为实际工程应用奠定了技术基础。研究结果表明:该系统各项技术指标稳定,满足建筑物冬季供热及夏季空调的负荷要求;测得平均供热系数为3.2,平均制冷系数为3.64,具有良好的节能性和经济性。     

基于逐时太阳辐射强度与动态逐时负荷分析的太阳能空调系统设计要点研究——以天津市某办公楼项目为例

建筑的地理气候特征影响太阳能在建筑中的收集与利用。以天津市某办公楼项目为例,基于日照遮挡模拟分析确定集热器布置区域,并根据逐时动态冷负荷与热负荷综合情况确定集热器面积,以动态逐时负荷与供热(冷)量匹配的方法辅助备用能源设计,降低了系统的造价,提高了太阳能的利用率和建筑供能系统的稳定性,为后续其他项目太阳能空调系统的设计提供了借鉴。     

Utilization of wind energy in space heating and cooling with hybrid HVAC systems and heat pumps

Approximately one-third of the primary energy resources are consumed in space heating, cooling, and air-conditioning with a very low exergetic efficiency. The depleting nature of primary energy resources, negative environmental impact of fossil fuels and low exergetic efficiencies obtained in conventional space heating and cooling are the main incentives for developing alternative heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) techniques which can employ low density and interrupted energy sources. In this respect, in spite of difficulties primarily encountered in coupling wind energy with conventional space heating and cooling equipment, wind energy seems to be an exciting alternative provided that synectic combinations are pursued and applied. In this paper, a new wind turbine coupled hybrid HVAC system is presented, which consists of an optimum combination of convective and radiant heating and cooling systems with in-space thermal energy storage. A design case for a single family home is presented. In this study a 6 kW(e) wind turbine drives a ground source heat pump (GSHP) which is coupled to a hybrid HVAC system to satisfy the thermal loads of a 100 m² home. In this example, sensible heating and cooling loads are satisfied by the high mass radiant floor which matches the daily peak demand and the available peak wind energy. Latent heating and cooling loads, along with ventilation requirements are satisfied by a forced-air system. Variable radiant and convective split type of control is implemented, and both systems are served by the same GSHP which also satisfies the domestic hot water (DHW) demand.     

夏热冬暖地区公共建筑空调排风热回收模式探讨

本文分析了夏热冬暖地区公共建筑空调新风负荷特征,研究了不同排风热回收模式下的节能效果。结果表明,当采用全热回收模式时,新风负荷降低60％以上,建筑空调冷负荷降低18％～23％;而采用显热回收模式时,新风负荷降低5％-20％,建筑空调冷负荷仅降低8％。可见,夏热冬暖地区公共建筑空调排风全热回收模式具有较好的节能效益。     

Measurements of indoor thermal environment and energy analysis in a large space building in typical seasons

Shanghai International Gymnastics Stadium is the selected object for site-measurement. The site-measurements have been carried out during summer, winter, and the transitional seasons. Their indoor thermal environments were controlled by continuous air-conditioning, intermittent air-conditioning and natural ventilation, respectively. The site-measurement includes outdoor environment (the weather conditions and peripheral hallway), indoor air temperature distribution (the occupant zone temperature, radial temperature near upper openings and the vertical temperature distributions, etc.), and the heat balance of air-conditioning system, etc. It is found that temperature stratification in winter with air-conditioning is most obvious. The maximum difference of vertical temperature is 15 °C in winter. The second largest one is 12 °C in summer, and less than 2 °C in the transitional season. The results of measurements indicate that it is different in the characteristics on energy saving of upper openings during the different seasons. With heat balance measurements, it is discovered that the roof load and ventilated and infiltrated load account for larger percentages in terms of cooling and heating load. In this paper, many discussions on the results of site measurements show some characteristics and regulations of indoor thermal environment in large space building.     

基于再循环蒸发冷却塔和地源热泵热/冷源的辐射空调系统初探

将再循环技术与冷却塔、地源热泵技术和辐射供暖/冷技术互相结合,充分利用自然热/冷源,提出了新型的节能空调系统模式,并根据技术特点提出了该系统模式的发展趋势.     

空调冷负荷计算方法发展状况研究

本文从空调冷负荷计算的原理与特点、空调冷负荷计算的基础理论、负荷计算软件的开发与改进、间歇空调系统冷负荷的计算和不同软件之间的比对与分析5个方面回顾了空调冷负荷计算理论研究的研究成果.     

Indoor cooling/heating load analysis based on coupled simulation of convection,radiation and HVAC control

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation for analyzing indoor cooling/heating load is presented in this study. It is coupled with a radiative heat transfer simulation and heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) controlling system in a room. This new method feeds back the outputs of the HVAC system control to the input boundary conditions of the CFD, and this method includes a human model to evaluate the thermal environment. It would be used to analyze the heating/cooling loads of different HVAC systems under the condition of the same human thermal sensation (e.g. PMV, operative temperature, etc.) even though the temperature and air-velocity distribution in the room are different from each other.To examine the performance of the new method, a cooling load and a thermal environment within a semi-enclosed space, which opens into an atrium space, is analyzed under the steady-state conditions during the summer season. This method is able to analyze the indoor cooling load with changes of target thermal environments of a room and/or changing clothing conditions of occupants considering the temperature and air-velocity distribution in the room. In this paper, two types of HVAC system are compared; i.e. radiation-panel system and all-air cooling system. The radiation-panel cooling system is found to be more energy efficient for cooling the semi-enclosed space. Changes of the level of thermal environment reduce cooling load effectively in case of the all-air cooling system while the radiation-panel system does not reduce cooling load even though the targeted thermal condition is relaxed. Energy saving effect is expected by easing the clothing conditions of occupants. In this study, the reducing effect of cooling load is quantitatively evaluated with clothing conditions also.