陶瓷用无机抗菌剂

简介了陶瓷用无机抗菌剂的种类、优缺点,着重介绍了专利产品、全新的、不含银无机抗菌剂的特点、使用方法、抗菌剂本身毒理检测结果、抗菌产品抗菌功能检测效果等。     

无机抗菌剂及其应用

要文概要介绍了无机抗菌剂的主要品种、特性、抗菌机理、技术指标以及无机抗菌剂在陶瓷、涂料、塑料、合成纤维等领域的应用，对国内外无机抗菌剂的产业化情况作了阐述。     

研制高效陶瓷专用无机抗菌剂

利用化学反应的方式,研制成陶瓷专用的无机抗菌剂,并对其性能以及所制的抗菌陶瓷产品性能进行检测分析,得出研究结论。     

具有代表性的无机抗菌剂及其特征

详细地介绍了几种无机抗菌剂和抗菌材料（如银沸石系列抗菌剂和抗菌玻璃）的物理性质,化学性质和抗菌性能及在各个方面的应用。     

无机抗菌剂的研究现状及发展趋势

介绍了无机抗菌剂的研究发展现状，评述了各种无机抗菌剂的结构特点及缓释抗菌机理，介绍了无机抗菌剂在塑料、卫生陶瓷、纤维制品等方面的应用。同时指出了无机抗菌剂存在的问题及发展趋势。     

我国研发银型无机抗菌剂的新进展

介绍了我国研制无机抗菌剂的新进展、抗菌制品的市场前景 ,并分析了存在的问题。     

纺织品用无机抗菌剂

无机抗菌剂是具有抗菌性的金属离子等无机物及其与无机载体的复合体。1按作用于微生物的机理分类1.1负载型无机抗菌剂     

无机抗菌剂及其纤维应用

无机抗菌剂作为一种具有独特性能的新型抗菌材料已成为当前研究开发的热点,本文就无机抗菌剂的结构和性能作了全面的论述,同时介绍了无机抗菌剂在高分子纤维中的应用注意点。     

新型无机抗菌剂综述和展望

评述了国内外新型无机抗菌剂最新的发展动态，并指出了它们可能的发展方向。     

防藻涂料用无机抗菌剂

无机抗菌剂是将各类无机氧化物和无机金属盐类，经过特定的方法化合制成抗菌剂。它代表了抗菌剂的发展方向和潮流，有巨大的开发应用潜力和良好的发展前途。同样也是使各种建筑涂料功能化，高档化产品的优选抗菌剂。田树霖、蔡惠萍两位专家已成功地生产出志门用于添加在建筑涂料中的无机抗菌剂，并在本文中对该无机抗菌剂的特点及其抗菌原理、检测方法、及检测结果作了介绍等。     

卫生陶瓷用复合无机抗菌剂的研制

论述了一种复合无机抗菌剂的研制方法。详细讨论了制备条件对复合无机抗菌剂性能的影响，指出载银过程中的pH要在2～6之间最为理想，再添加一定的助剂对无机抗菌剂的色度有所改善，制备出了具有高活性的无机抗菌剂，粒度也可加工成为5μm左右，为今后的应用创造了条件，测试证明它对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌的杀菌率在99％以上。     

On crack-growth resistance curve fitting for ceramics

K_R-curves of crack growth resistance were studied for a particulate ceramic-metal composite in the system lanthanium chromite–chromium in the temperature range 20 to 1100°C. It is shown that the K_R-curves can be described satisfactory by an exponential function. With the use of this function, the similarity of the crack-growth resistance curves for the specimens tested at different temperatures can be demonstrated. The notch-size effect can also be minimized if the K_R-curves are normalized with respect to crack length, the normalizing factor being the parameter l of the exponential function. A possible background in the framework of the model of the crack-face bridging by frictional ligaments in a wake zone is proposed.     

Reduced bacterial adhesion on ceramics used for arthroplasty applications

Orthopaedic-implant-related infections are challenging for clinicians: despite progresses in surgical procedures, the mortality rate of patients experiencing periprosthetic joint infections still ranges from 10 to 18%. Generally, infection starts when planktonic bacteria arising from surgery escape immunological surveillance adhering onto implant surface. Bacterial adhesion depends mainly on material’s intrinsic surface features depending on its chemical and physical properties. This study compares materials used for bearings of total hip arthroplasty, advanced ceramics (alumina and zirconia-platelet toughened alumina composites), metals (cobalt–chromium–molybdenum alloy) and polymers (highly cross-linked polyethylene), in terms of wettability and protein adsorption. Materials were infected with Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm for 24 or 48 h. Bacterial adhesion properties were evaluated by means of biofilm viability, morphology, and thickness, in a worst-case surface roughness condition. Thanks to selective protein adsorption, bioceramics reduced bacterial adhesion and subsequent biofilm formation more effectively in comparison with metal and polymer surfaces.     

Heat resistance of alumina ceramics

A method for evaluating the heat resistance of structural ceramics according to which the thermally stressed state is created by blowing a directed air flow into the tip of a notch in a heated prismatic specimen is presented. For this purpose a special complexly shaped notch is formed in order to provide free inflow of the air to its tip. The radius of curvature of the notch in alumina ceramics is 5 Μm. In blowing, the heat is removed predominantly from a local volume at the tip of the notch, thus providing a “local” thermal shock. The heat resistance of alumina ceramics obtained by sintering and reaction bonding is studied. The mechanical properties of Al₂O₃ tend to improve after a local thermal shock. The tendency is proved by testing a statistically reliable sample of unnotched specimens by the conventional method for determining the heat resistance. This tendency can be explained by “curing” of some of the defects (commensurable with the elements of the substructure) in densely sintered ceramics under the effect of thermal stresses. This was established due to the low scattering of the values of the mechanical properties measured in testing a sample of specimens with a special notch. It cannot be detected in tests of unnotched specimens within the same sample. A heat cycle of “850‡C-water” worsens the mechanical properties of notched and unnotched specimens due to the initiated microfracture. Translated from Ogneupory i Tekhnicheskaya Keramika, Nos. 1–2, pp. 14–19, January–February, 1999.     

Ageing resistance of SiBCN ceramics

Amorphous SiBCN alloys are known – depending on the elemental composition – for their thermal stability and high-temperature (up to 1500 °C) oxidation resistance, hardness, optical transparency or electrical and/or thermal conductivity. The paper reports ageing of SiBCN ceramics prepared in the form of thin films in a wide range of elemental compositions and preparation conditions. I focus on the room-temperature oxidation resistance, expressed in terms of the thickness and properties of the surface oxide layer 12 years since the deposition. I identify which compositions exhibit perfect long-time room-temperature oxidation resistance (this includes those, but not only those, which exhibit short-time high-temperature oxidation resistance) and which do not. For the latter I discuss the complex relationships between the characteristics of the surface oxide layer, the elemental composition of the films and the ion bombardment during the film growth. The results are important for tailoring long-lifetime ceramics combining the aforementioned functional properties.     

Evaluation of thermal resistance in ceramics

The disadvantages of existing methods for determining the thermal resistance of materials are discussed. Based on data on the strength variation in samples of different compositions in thermal cycling, a non-labor-consuming and more objective method for evaluation of heat resistance is proposed. The testing conditions are substantiated. Translated from Stelko i Keramika, No. 7, pp. 24–26, July, 1999.