双机架冷轧弯辊力综合设定模型的研究

针对双机架冷轧机组的生产工艺特点，以及传统弯辊控制技术的不足，综合协调控制1^#机架工作辊、1^#机架中间辊、2^#机架工作辊和2^#机架中间辊4部分弯辊力，以成品板形质量最佳为优化目标函数，同时将各个部分弯辊力的相对余量均匀作为约束条件，确定出弯辊力综合设定模型，该模型可提高弯辊对板形的控制能力，延长弯辊缸的使用寿命。     

二次冷轧机组宽中浪板形缺陷控制研究

针对某DCR（Double Cold Reduction）二次冷轧机组经常出现宽中浪板形缺陷的问题，基于二次冷轧的生产工艺特点，通过分析计算，发现1#机架与2#机架承载辊缝比例凸度相差较大是宽中浪板形缺陷产生的主要原因，且鉴于该机组现有中间辊轴向横移和弯辊调控手段都不能有效消除该类板形缺陷，设计了1#机架中间辊辊型，该辊型在有效减少1#机架与2#机架承载辊缝比例凸度差异的同时，轧机的弯辊调控功效、中间辊轴向横移调控功效以及辊缝横向刚度都得到了有效提升。     

二次冷轧机组宽中浪板形缺陷控制研究

针对某DCR（Double Cold Reduction）二次冷轧机组经常出现宽中浪板形缺陷的问题，基于二次冷轧的生产工艺特点，通过分析计算，发现1#机架与2#机架承载辊缝比例凸度相差较大是宽中浪板形缺陷产生的主要原因，且鉴于该机组现有中间辊轴向横移和弯辊调控手段都不能有效消除该类板形缺陷，设计了1#机架中间辊辊型，该辊型在有效减少1#机架与2#机架承载辊缝比例凸度差异的同时，轧机的弯辊调控功效、中间辊轴向横移调控功效以及辊缝横向刚度都得到了有效提升。     

冷轧机板形板厚综合控制系统研究

冷轧带钢板形板厚综合控制系统模型是冷轧带钢过程控制系统的核心,该模型的精度直接影响成品带钢的板形板厚质量。针对六辊冷连轧机,给出改进的轧机刚度方程、弹跳方程和板凸度方程,并利用六辊轧机有限元模型计算板形板厚综合控制系统模型中所需的轧机横纵向刚度。得到空载辊缝值、工作辊弯辊力、中间辊弯辊力的变化量对出口厚度、出口板凸度的影响,并给出空载辊缝值、工作辊弯辊力、中间辊弯辊力设定值修正量的计算方法。经验证,出口厚度与板凸度实测值与设定值基本吻合。     

2 050 mm六辊铝冷轧机三维有限元辊系变形分析

基于Marc有限元软件,建立了2 050 mm六辊铝冷轧机辊系三维弹性变形的有限元模型,计算了稳态轧制生产工况,不同工作辊弯辊力、中间辊弯辊力以及中间辊抽动量时的有载辊缝形状.结果表明,采用以上三种板形控制手段,对控制板形和板凸度都有很好的效果,对板形控制和现场生产在线调节板形具有一定的参考价值.     

六辊轧机非对称轧制过程板形模型与控制应用技术(Ⅱ)——六辊轧机非对称轧制过程中板形分布规律及其控制技术

针对六辊轧机工作过程中存在的带材跑偏、工作辊与中间辊及支撑辊因磨损不对称等因素而引起的实际辊型不对称、来料板形及断面形状呈不对称分布等非对称轧制问题,以某冷轧厂1220平整机组为研究对象,定量分析了带材跑偏、来料断面形状不对称、工作辊辊型不对称、中间辊辊型不对称和支撑辊辊型不对称等典型非对称轧制情况下轧机的出口板形分布规律,并在此基础上研究了非对称轧制过程中的板形控制策略,提出了相应的板形控制技术,并将其应用到生产实践,编制出一套《1220六辊平整机组非对称轧制过程板形控制软件》,利用该软件定量分析了相关技术的板形控制效果,为机组的设备改造以及最终解决非对称轧制所带来的板形问题奠定了坚实的基础。     

极薄规格冷轧带钢板形控制研究

针对厚度0.2 mm以下极薄规格带钢在生产过程中经常出现中浪缺陷的问题,对某UCM轧机极薄规格带钢局部中浪板形缺陷与轧制过程数据进行了分析,通过工作辊温度测量与工作辊热凸度引起平坦度的有限元计算,表明中浪缺陷是由于轧辊热凸度过大而造成的。分析了轧辊热凸度影响因素,以及UCM轧机轧辊辊型,板形目标曲线,中间辊轴向横移,乳化液,中间辊、工作辊弯辊力等参数对极薄规格带钢板形的影响。结果表明:通过板形目标曲线优化设计,合理配置中间辊轴向横移量、工作辊弯辊、中间辊弯辊3种板形调节手段,增加中间辊轴向横移量,增加工作辊弯辊、中间辊弯辊负弯的调节余量,可在消除中浪的同时避免边浪的产生。同时,通过优化工艺润滑制度,降低乳化液温度到合理范围,可有效提高分段冷却的板形控制能力,使带钢平坦度回归到板形目标曲线设计范围,释放弯辊调控量。再有,通过支撑辊边部辊型优化设计,可提高辊型对边浪的抑制能力,在减少中浪的同时不产生边浪。采用上述措施,将中浪缺陷减小到5 IU以内,极薄规格带钢中浪板形缺陷问题得到了有效解决。     

国产1450mm六辊可逆冷轧机组的特点

详细介绍了1450mm六辊可逆冷轧机组的设备组成、主要技术参数及机组的装机水平。该机组具有全液压压下、中间辊横移、厚度自动控制、全数字直流传动控制、工艺润滑分段冷却等特点,可轧制出0.25mm以下的产品。     

超薄镀锡原板平整及二次冷轧工艺装备的研发应用

中国重型机械研究院股份公司为国内某钢厂自主研制开发出国内首套高品质超薄镀锡原板平整及二次冷轧机组。介绍了该机组的设备组成及工艺流程、主要技术参数、机组功能实现等,并着重介绍了自主开发的高效上卷穿带系统、单(双)机架干(湿)平整工艺模型、高精度薄带板厚控制技术、板形综合调控技术、表面缺陷预报与质量控制技术、小张力高精度稳定控制技术和快速换辊技术等。机组自投产以来,运行稳定可靠,可高效生产出厚度精度高、板形和表面质量优良的超薄镀锡原板,可满足高端市场的需求。     

唐钢热轧薄板板形影响因素分析

本文主要探讨唐钢热轧薄板1810mm生产线影响板形的因素及板形控制技术,包括辊凸度、PC、弯辊、ORG、温控等技术。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.