光伏遭遇“减反射门”

<正>太阳能光伏组件用减反射膜玻璃(AR玻璃)是指通过涂覆或蚀刻的方法在光伏组件用玻璃(通常为超白压花玻璃)表面镀制一层减反射薄膜,可使镀膜玻璃在太阳电池的光谱响应范围内的太阳光反射比降低,透射比升高,从而提高光伏组件的光电转化效率。减反射膜是应用最广、产量最大的一种光学薄膜。但是,最近却有一点尴尬。8月27日,国家质检总局发布了太阳能光     

防反充二极管的作用

太阳能光伏发电系统的防反充二极管又称阻塞二极管．在太阳电池组件中其作用是避免由于太阳电池方阵在阴雨和夜晚不发电或出现短路故障时．擂电池组通过太阳电池方阵放电。     

太阳能建材技术的研究与开发（I）——光伏屋顶热性能的调查

为了对综合利用生态能源技术进行研究和发展，上海交大太阳能研究所建造了JD—01号生态能源房。根据在大规模应用中节省建材和施工费及追求建筑美观的意图出发，实验性地开发了太阳能屋顶一体化技术。为了调查太阳电池组件作为建筑模块使用时其背面温度的上升规律及对太阳电池性能的影响，供今后设计类似系统时参考，实际测定和讨论了太阳电池背面温度与太阳辐照度、环境温度的关系，结果表明有自然通风通道的光伏屋顶的温度特性与支架布置型太阳电池方阵基本相同。     

太阳能光伏发电自动跟踪系统

一引言 太阳电池方阵的发电量与太阳光入射角有关,当太阳光线与太阳电池方阵平面垂直时发电量最大.目前太阳能光伏发电普遍采用的固定方阵是低效发电方式,采用自动跟踪系统可提高发电量40%,从而降低投资成本20%以上.     

太阳能建材技术的研究与开发(Ⅰ) --光伏屋顶热性能的调查

为了对综合利用生态能源技术进行研究和发展,上海交大太阳能研究所建造了JD-01号生态能源房.根据在大规模应用中节省建材和施工费及追求建筑美观的意图出发,实验性地开发了太阳能屋顶一体化技术.为了调查太阳电池组件作为建筑模块使用时其背面温度的上升规律及对太阳电池性能的影响,供今后设计类似系统时参考,实际测定和讨论了太阳电池背面温度与太阳辐照度、环境温度的关系,结果表明有自然通风通道的光伏屋顶的温度特性与支架布置型太阳电池方阵基本相同.     

减反射膜玻璃对光伏组件光增益的分析

完善光伏组件光学模型,并根据模型理论模拟减反射膜玻璃和普通玻璃对光伏组件光增益的大小,通过分析发现当太阳光垂直光伏组件入射时,普通玻璃封装后,单晶硅太阳电池封装后光增益小于多晶硅太阳电池,减反射玻璃对多晶硅太阳电池片的光增益大于对单晶硅太阳电池的光增益。     

太阳能发电系统的最佳化设计

独立光伏发电系统需要进行最佳化设计。介绍了一种简明合理而又实用的最佳化设计方法。应用目前国外常用的倾斜面上太阳辐照量的计算公式，根据不同的蓄电池维持天数，应用能量平衡原理，得到相应的太阳电池方阵最佳倾角，然后通过循环计算，得出一系列太阳电池方阵和蓄电池容量的组合，再通过经济核算等，最后确定光伏系统的规模，编制了相应的计算机程序，并进行了实例计算。     

太阳能光电水泵系统的性能匹配

太阳能光电水泵系统的性能匹配杨金焕世界上水是十分宝贵的自然资源。太阳能光电水泵作为无电地区有效的抽水工具，正在迅速发展，已成为太阳电池重要的应用领域。光电水泵是由太阳电池方阵将太阳能直接转变为电能，驱动电动机而带动水泵抽水的。太阳电池方阵是非线性的直...     

太阳电池减反射膜系统的研究

减反射膜系的制备对于高效空间太阳电池来说非常重要,对其进行优化设计可以大幅度的提高太阳电池的短路电流,从而提高太阳电池的光电转换效率,从波动光学的基本原理出发,用加权平均反射率作为评价膜系设计质量的参数,编制出了进行减反射膜系优化设计的计算机程度,理论上可以使太阳电池表面的加权平均反射率降到1％以下,提高了电池的短路电路。     

太阳能光伏电站蓄电池技术要求探讨

１太阳能光伏发电系统用蓄电池种类太阳能光伏发电系统用蓄电池主要是用来贮能，将太阳电池提供的电能转化为化学能贮存在蓄电池中。我国西部地区的独立光伏电站，一般白天由太阳电池方阵给蓄电池充电，夜晚由蓄电池给负载供电，蓄电池处于半浮充充电状态。太阳能光伏发电系统用蓄电池主要包括镉镍蓄电池和铅酸蓄电池。镉镍蓄电池只用一种，即开口式、需补充电解液的蓄电池，单体标称电压为１．２V。铅酸蓄电池包括汽车蓄电池、摩托车蓄电池、固定型防酸式铅酸蓄电池和阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池（简称VRLA电池）。VRLA电池按电解液吸附方式…     

On the stability of optical properties of antireflection coatings for solar cells based on a silicon-silicon-oxide mixture

It is investigated how the storage duration influences the optical properties of antireflection coatings based on silicon-silicon-oxide mixture intended for silicon solar cells. It is shown that the spectral reflection coefficient changes by 2.7% for 22 years; i.e., the antireflection effect is retained. We draw the conclusion that coatings based on silicon-silicon-oxide mixture can greatly increase the lifetime of solar cells and a solar battery.     

A review on PV cells and nanocomposite‐coated PV systems

Solar radiation can be converted into electrical energy and generate electric power that can be utilized in multiple ways. The technological improvements have provided enormous solutions to the mankind for utilizing the solar energy although photovoltaic's (PV) by consuming sunlight. Photovoltaic is popularly known by the process of converting light to electricity. The current estimated growth by producing global power around 368 GW in 2017 and projecting 3000 to 10 000 GW by 2030. Looking at all the available solar cells, it has been observed that the dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC) when compared to mono‐Si or poly‐Si has been effective in its performance and also reduces production cost to a great extent. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of DSSC has reached to a better extent and been discussed in the paper. There are other mechanisms through which the efficiency can be improved like applying the antireflection coating. Reflection is a usual phenomenon that happens when light incident from one medium to another varies in refractive index. This reflection is one of the important reasons for the loss of power in the PV Cell. So to improve the PCE, the Mono‐Si or DSSC PV Cells can be applied with a thin film antireflection coating by the nanocomposite film consisting of single‐ or multi‐wall carbon nanotubes with TiO₂ and other efficient nanoparticles. This paper discusses on different kinds of nanocomposite materials, and their functionalities has been clearly given. Remarkable improvements have been recorded in the last 1 year by applying the antireflection coating; the PCE has further been increased enormously when compared to the uncoated solar cell for both DSSC and Mono‐Si PV cells.     

Investigations of solar cells with porous silicon as antireflection layer

The possibility of using porous silicon layers as antireflection coating instead of the antireflection coatings in common silicon solar cells was investigated. A technology for the manufacture of porous silicon antireflection layers was developed. The comparison of the photovoltaic and optical characteristics of investigated samples of solar cells with ZnS antireflection coating and with porous silicon antireflection coating is presented. It is shown that the formation of the porous layer under optimal technological regimes leads to significant improvement of the main photovoltaic parameters–short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage.     

跟踪式光伏发电系统研究

根据某地实测的太阳辐射数据,仿真比较了配备有单轴跟踪和双轴跟踪等4种跟踪控制的光伏发电系统与固定式光伏发电系统的太阳辐射利用率。并在此基础上对4种跟踪系统的跟踪角控制规律及跟踪控制方式进行了详细的分析,得出倾纬度角单轴跟踪系统控制规律最为简单,算法实施更为实用的结论。同时,也在理论上证明了采用步进式控制方式的跟踪系统能够在保持较高太阳辐射利用率情况下简化控制系统设计,有利于工程设计及应用。     

Progress in solar energy materials: Examples of work at Uppsala University

The radiation prevailing in our natural surroundings is used to introduce the desired properties of solar energy materials for various heating and cooling applications. Some recent data are reported for sol-gelproduced antireflection coatings, solar absorber surfaces made by an industrial process involving high-rate sputter deposition and roll coating, electrochromic smart windows capable of attaining especially high luminous transmittance, and high-performance angular selective window coatings.     

High performance anti-reflection coatings for broadband multi-junction solar cells

The success of bandgap engineering has made high-efficiency broadband multi-junction solar cells possible with photo-response out to the band edge of germanium. Modeling has been conducted which suggests that current double-layer antireflection coating technology is not adequate for these devices in certain cases. Approaches for the development of higher performance antireflection coatings are examined. A new antireflection coating structure based on the use of Herpin equivalent layers is presented. Optical modeling of the new AR coating suggests a decrease in the solar weighted reflectance of 2.5% absolute over typically used double-layer antireflection coatings. This structure requires no additional optical material development and characterization because no new optical materials are necessary. Experimental results and a sensitivity analysis are presented.     

Plasma-enhanced CVD silicon nitride antireflection coatings for solar cells

Multilayer plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) silicon nitride antireflection coatings were deposited on space quality silicon solar cells. Preliminary experiments indicated that multilayer coatings decreased the total reflectance of polished silicon from 35 per cent to less than 3 per cent over the spectral range 0.4–1.0 μm. The solar cell energy conversion efficiency was increased from an average of 8.84 per cent to an average of 12.63 per cent.     

Impact of uneven shading and bypass diodes on energy extraction characteristics of solar photovoltaic modules and arrays

Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy is becoming an increasingly important part of the world's renewable energy. In order for effective energy extraction from a solar PV system, this paper investigates I–V and P–V characteristics of solar PV modules and arrays. The paper particularly focuses on I–V and P–V characteristics of PV modules and arrays under uneven shading conditions, and considers both the physics and electrical characteristics of a solar PV system in the model development. The article examines how different bypass diode arrangements could affect maximum power extraction characteristics of a solar PV module or array. It is found in this article that under uneven shading conditions, solar PV cells may perform in very different ways and a solar PV system may exhibit multiple peaks in its P–V characteristics. The study of this article also shows that the arrangement of largely distributed bypass diodes within a PV module could effectively improve efficiency and maximum power point tracking strategies for energy conversion of solar PV systems.     

Solar optical materials for innovative window design

New and innovative optical materials and coatings can greatly improve the efficiency of window energy systems. These potential materials and coatings increase energy efficiency by reducing radiative losses in the infrared, or reducing visible reflection losses or controlling overheating due to solar gain. Current progress in heat mirror coatings for glass a polymeric substrates is presented. Highly doped semiconducting oxides and metal/dielectric interference coatings are reviewed. Physical and optical properties are outlined for antireflection films and transparent aerogel insulation media. The potential for optical switching films as window elements includes discussions of electrochromic, photochromic and other physical switching processes.