基于马尔可夫随机场的纹理图像并行分割

基于消息传递接口（Message Passing Interface,MPI）和消息传递并行编程模型,提出了一种针对计算机集群（Cluster）的纹理图像并行分割算法。该算法使用马尔可夫随机场作为纹理特征,通过将图像分块,把特征提取的计算量均匀的分布到并行系统中的各个节点上,从而极大地减少了计算时间。在遥感图像上的实验发现,该算法在4机并行的环境下可以取得与单机串行程序一样精确的分割,而耗时仅为串行程序的31.95％。令人满意的实验结果表明该并行算法不但可以有效的应用于纹理图像分割,而且也为使用计算机集群实现高时间复杂度的图像处理提供了有益的启示。     

基于模糊马尔可夫场的脑部MR图像分割算法

在传统马尔可夫场模型的基础上,建立了模糊马尔可夫场模型。通过对模型的分析得出图像像素对不同类的隶属度计算公式,提出了一种高效、无监督的图像分割算法,从而实现了对脑部MR图像的精确分割。通过对模拟脑部MR图像和临床脑部MR图像分割实验,表明新算法比传统的基于马尔可夫场的图像分割算法和模糊C-均值等图像分割算法有更精确的图像分割能力。     

MRF-based texture segmentation using wavelet decomposed images

In recent textured image segmentation, Bayesian approaches capitalizing on computational efficiency of multiresolution representations have received much attention. Most of the previous researches have been based on multiresolution stochastic models which use the Gaussian pyramid image decomposition. In this paper, motivated by nonredundant directional selectivity and highly discriminative nature of the wavelet representation, we present an unsupervised textured image segmentation algorithm based on a multiscale stochastic modeling over the wavelet decomposition of image. The model, using doubly stochastic Markov random fields, captures intrascale statistical dependencies over the wavelet decomposed image and intrascale and interscale dependencies over the corresponding multiresolution region image.     

Genetic algorithms for video segmentation

The current paper presents a new genetic algorithm (GA)-based method for video segmentation. The proposed method is specifically designed to enhance the computational efficiency and quality of the segmentation results compared to standard GAs. The segmentation is performed by chromosomes that independently evolve using distributed genetic algorithms (DGAs). However, unlike conventional DGAs, the chromosomes are initiated using the segmentation results of the previous frame, instead of random values. Thereafter, only unstable chromosomes corresponding to moving object parts are evolved by crossover and mutation. As such, these mechanisms allow for effective solution space exploration and exploitation, thereby improving the performance of the proposed method in terms of speed and segmentation quality. These advantages were confirmed based on experiments where the proposed method was successfully applied to both synthetic and natural video sequences.     

新的声纳图像自动分割方法

对水下声纳图像进行目标分割是非常复杂的,它不仅取决于被分割的不同目标,还与海底混响噪声、背景区域有着紧密的联系。通过分析声纳图像的特点,提出了一种新的声纳图像自动分割方法,即利用一种快速的模糊C均值聚类方法来完成初始分割,然后利用初始分割结果对马尔可夫模型的初始参数进行估计,最后,根据马尔可夫理论进行迭代条件估计,得到精确的图像分割结果。最后利用实测数据,验证了此种算法的可行性和有效性。     

Adaptive segmentation of noisy and textured images

An image segmentation algorithm is described which is based on the integration of signal model parameter estimates and maximum a posteriori labelling. The parameter estimation is based on either a maximum likelihood-based method for a quadric signal model or a maximum pseudo-likelihood based method for a Gauss-Markov signal model. The first case is applicable to standard grey-level image segmentation as well as segmentation of shaded 3D surfaces, while the second case is applicable to texture segmentation. A key aspect of the algorithm is the incorporation of a coarse to fine processing strategy which limits the search for the optimum labelling at any one resolution to a subset of labellings which are consistent with the optimum labelling at the previous coarser resolution. Consistency is in terms of a prior label model which specifies the conditional probability of a given label in terms of the labelling at the previous level of resolution. It is shown how such an approach leads to a simple relaxation procedure based on local pyramid node computations. An extension of the algorithm is also described which performs accurate inter-region boundary placement using a step-wise refinement procedure based on a simple adaptive filter. The problem of automatic determination of the number of regions is also addressed. It is shown how a simple agglomerative clustering idea, again based on pyramid node computations, can effectively solve this problem.     

用于虚拟广告系统的视频对象分割算法

在虚拟广告系统中,视频对象分割是其中最为关键的技术之一。在兼顾分割精度和实时性的原则上,提出了一种基于置信传播的视频运动对象分割算法。算法先建立背景、阴影和前景的统计模型,再结合马尔可夫随机场对像素空间相关性建模,最后利用置信传播算法完成有效的视频对象分割。实验结果表明算法具有良好的性能,并在虚拟广告系统中得到成功应用。     

形态小波域多尺度马尔可夫模型在纹理图像分割中的应用

针对图像分割中小波域多尺度马尔可夫模型(MRMRF-W)无法有效描述图像非线性特征,提出了一种在形态小波域下的多尺度MRF模型（MRMRF-MW）,实现纹理图像分割。该模型结合了形态小波和MRF各自的优势,能够对图像进行非线性多尺度分解,并在各尺度上进行空间关系建模。通过对两个纹理图像库（Brodatz纹理库、Prague纹理库）中图像的分割实验,验证了该模型的有效性。     

结合MRF模型与粒子群优化算法的遥感影像纹理分割

影像纹理的马尔可夫随机场(MRF)模型是一种分析纹理较为经典的方法,已被广泛用于影像纹理的模拟和分割。由于传统的模拟退火算法在计算全局最优解时,处理效率较低,无法满足纹理分析与处理的性能要求。设计了一种判定纹理类别的适应度函数,提出了利用粒子群优化算法计算适应度函数的最优解,应用该算法对遥感影像数据进行了纹理分割实验。实验结果表明,该算法与模拟退火算法比较,具有寻优速度快的优点,是一种有效的图像分割优化方法。     

Speeding up the EM algorithm for mixture model-based segmentation of magnetic resonance images

Mixture models implemented via the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm are being increasingly used in a wide range of problems in pattern recognition such as image segmentation. However, the EM algorithm requires considerable computational time in its application to huge data sets such as a three-dimensional magnetic resonance (MR) image of over 10 million voxels. Recently, it was shown that a sparse, incremental version of the EM algorithm could improve its rate of convergence. In this paper, we show how this modified EM algorithm can be speeded up further by adopting a multiresolution kd-tree structure in performing the E-step. The proposed algorithm outperforms some other variants of the EM algorithm for segmenting MR images of the human brain.     

Adaptive pixon represented segmentation (APRS) for 3D MR brain images based on mean shift and Markov random fields

In this paper, we proposed an adaptive pixon represented segmentation (APRS) algorithm for 3D magnetic resonance (MR) brain images. Different from traditional method, an adaptive mean shift algorithm was adopted to adaptively smooth the query image and create a pixon-based image representation. Then K-means algorithm was employed to provide an initial segmentation by classifying the pixons in image into a predefined number of tissue classes. By using this segmentation as initialization, expectation-maximization (EM) iterations composed of bias correction, a priori digital brain atlas information, and Markov random field (MRF) segmentation were processed. Pixons were assigned with final labels when the algorithm converges. The adoption of bias correction and brain atlas made the current method more suitable for brain image segmentation than the previous pixon based segmentation algorithm. The proposed method was validated on both simulated normal brain images from BrainWeb and real brain images from the IBSR public dataset. Compared with some other popular MRI segmentation methods, the proposed method exhibited a higher degree of accuracy in segmenting both simulated and real 3D MRI brain data. The experimental results were numerically assessed using Dice and Tanimoto coefficients.     

基于TS-MRF与模糊MLL模型的图像分割

基于树结构的马尔可夫随机场（TS-MRF）,提出模糊多级逻辑模型（fuzzy MLL）,并提出了一种新的图像分割算法——模糊TS-MRF算法。与传统的MRF分割算法和TS-MRF算法比较,该方法在计算耗时增加很少的情况下,对分割精度提高较大。更为重要的是,该方法提供了一个新思路,使得基于MRF的先验信息的描述更为精细。     

改进的遗传模糊聚类算法对医学图像的分割

利用遗传算法全局随机搜索的特点,可以解决模糊C均值聚类（FCM）算法在医学图像分割中容易陷入局部最优解的问题,但确定遗传算法的初始搜索范围时,需要借助于人的经验。为此,用收敛速度快的硬聚类算法得到的聚类中心作为参考,上下浮动划出一个较小的数据范围,作为遗传算法的初始搜索空间。该方法在避免FCM算法陷入局部最优化的同时,也加速了遗传算法的收敛过程。实验表明,该方法相对于标准的遗传模糊算法,效果要好得多。     

采用几何模型切分的人脸纹理图像生成算法

为了克服传统的照片图像拼接方法中利用特征线进行不同照片之间公共交界线定位不准确的缺点,提出一种“几何模型切分”的人脸纹理图像生成算法。通过对人脸几何模型进行切分,以切分后模型图片的轮廓作为边界线裁剪相应的人脸照片,实现不同照片之间交界线的准确对接,并采用柱面纹理映射方法将生成的纹理图像映射到特定人脸几何模型上。实验结果表明,采用提出的“几何模型切分”算法生成的人脸纹理图像进行纹理映射可以得到较好的真实感三维人脸模型,是一种生成人脸纹理图像的有效方法。     

基于马尔可夫随机场模型的运动对象分割算法

提出了一种基于马尔可夫随机场(MRF)模型的运动分割算法,仅使用了压缩流中的运动矢量和块编码模式信息,可以在复杂场景下对运动对象有很好的分割效果.利用运动矢量量化的方法来对运动矢量进行预处理,对运动矢量进行马尔可夫建模,利用能量最小函数进行优化得到运动对象分割的效果.实验表明:与现有的方法相比,该方法可从复杂场景中更准确地对运动对象进行分割.     

一种改进的基于MRF模型的斑块检测算法

斑块是一种常见的电影胶片损伤.提出了一种基于马尔可夫随机场(MRF)的改进的多步斑块检测及验证算法(MDV).MDV检测算法分3个步骤.第1步将斑点检测索引算法(SDIp)和等级顺序差分检测算法(ROD)相结合以提高斑块检测算法的检全率.第2步的改进的MRF算法以第1步检测结果为运算定义域,大大减小了MRF算法的运算量.第2步随后在原始帧和运动补偿帧分别进行MRF算法检测,并通过添加去噪因子降低了改进的MRF算法的误检率.第3步通过时域的匹配技术将斑块进一步去伪存真.实验结果表明,在与现有的算法的对比中,该方法不仅有着更高的检全率和更低的误检率,而且计算速度也大大提高.     

头部CT图像多阈值分割的优化实现

阈值分割是医学图像预处理方法的一种,合适的分割方法能减少后续图像处理的数据。单独使用传统的阈值分割方法往往效率很低。提出一种基于遗传算法的图像多阈值分割方法。通过设计最大类间方差法与遗传算法相结合的算法,对头部CT图像进行分割,并与遍历算法作比较。实验结果表明,此方法不仅保留遍历算法的精度,并且快速得到最优阈值,明显提高了分割的效率。     

An automatic statistical segmentation algorithm for extraction of fire and smoke regions

Estimation of the extent and spread of wildland fires is an important application of high spatial resolution multispectral images. This work addresses a fuzzy segmentation algorithm to map fire extent, active fire front, hot burn scar, and smoke regions based on a statistical model. The fuzzy results are useful data sources for integrated fire behavior and propagation models built using Dynamic Data Driven Applications Systems (DDDAS) concepts that use data assimilation techniques which require error estimates or probabilities for the data parameters. The Hidden Markov Random Field (HMRF) model has been used widely in image segmentation, but it is assumed that each pixel has a particular class label belonging to a prescribed finite set. The mixed pixel problem can be addressed by modeling the fuzzy membership process as a continuous Multivariate Gaussian Markov Random Field. Techniques for estimating the class membership and model parameters are discussed. Experimental results obtained by applying this technique to two Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) images show that the proposed methodology is robust with regard to noise and variation in fire characteristics as well as background. The segmentation results of our algorithm are compared with the results of a K-means algorithm, an Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm (which is very similar to the Fuzzy C-Means Clustering algorithm with entropy regularization), and an MRF-MAP algorithm. Our fuzzy algorithm achieves more consistent segmentation results than the comparison algorithms for these test images with the added advantage of simultaneously providing a proportion or error map needed for the data assimilation problem.     

Image segmentation by three-level thresholding based on maximum fuzzy entropy and genetic algorithm

In the paper, a three-level thresholding method for image segmentation is presented, based on probability partition, fuzzy partition and entropy theory. A new fuzzy entropy has been defined through probability analysis. The image is divided into three parts, namely, dark, gray and white part, whose member functions of the fuzzy region are Z-function and Π-function and S-function, respectively, while the width and attribute of the fuzzy region can be determined by maximizing fuzzy entropy. The procedure for finding the optimal combination of all the fuzzy parameters is implemented by a genetic algorithm with appropriate coding method so as to avoid useless chromosomes. The experiment results show that the proposed method gives good performance.