某缸内直喷发动机进气歧管CFD模拟分析

进气歧管控制着发动机各缸的进气,尤其对于多缸发动机,进气控制对发动机各循环变动的影响非常大。对于四缸以下发动机的进气歧管采用稳态CFD分析完全满足优化设计要求,但对于四缸以上发动机需要采用瞬态CFD分析方法更为合适。进气歧管是发动机最关键进气系统部件之一,其核心功能是为发动机各缸提供充足均匀的混合气,是影响发动机动力性和经济性的关键因素;除此之外,电喷系统主要传感器和执行器均安装在进气歧管上,导致进气歧管结构复杂和高成本。计算机模拟可以降低开发成本,文中用三维CFD软件对某缸内直喷发动机进气歧管进行了稳态流动分析,通过CFD分析基本可以确定进气歧管结构要求,指导实际产品设计。     

基于实车状态的发动机均值模型研究

基于实车状态下发动机的测试运行参数,提出了一种改进发动机均值模型仿真精度的方法。首先基于五电机台架对实车搭载环境下的一款自然吸气发动机进行了性能测试,分别获得发动机水温、发动机转速、发动机缸内压力、进气道压力和温度、进气歧管压力和温度、燃油体积流量、发动机飞轮端扭矩、排气歧管压力和温度、排气歧管过量空气系数、三元催化后排气压力和温度等参数;然后运用Amesim/MATLAB软件联合仿真对发动机进行了基于实车搭载环境边界下的数值建模和模型标定。研究结果表明,标定后的发动机均值模型预测结果与实际测试结果最大差值可以控制在8%以内。     

多点电喷天然气汽车发动机进气干涉现象的数值解析

首先采用多维数值模拟的方法解析了从天然气喷射阀喷出的突发天然气喷流的发展过程,并由纹影试验验证了这个数值解析方法的可行性。在此基础上,解析了单进气阀和双进气阀发动机进气歧管内天然气的喷射和反射过程。结果表明,大量天然气与进气阀冲突后向进气歧管入口方向反射并造成进气阀附近气体压力升高;若进气歧管较短时,天然气-空气混合气反射到歧管入口并造成各缸混合气分配不均匀是完全可能的;即使较长的进气歧管时,由于发火顺序不同,各缸间的进气干涉程度也不一样,这将引起各缸实际的进气充量发生变化。     

Effect of piston bowl shape on the in-cylinder flow characteristics of IC engines

Numerical simulation of the in-cylinder flow for internal combustion (IC) engine with different bowl shapes has been performed. The LES models are applied to a piston-cylinder assembly with a stationary valve and a harmonically moving piston. Gas motion inside the engine cylinder determines the thermal efficiency of an IC engine, and combustion chamber geometry affects the performance of the IC engine. Comparison of the flow characteristics inside the engine cylinder equipped with different piston geometries shows that the squish flow affects the turbulence generation process near the top dead center during compression stroke. The A-type combustion chamber with reentrant shape is shown to have higher radial velocity and turbulence intensity in the piston bowl compared with other types. Results of these simulations aid in the improved understanding of the effect of intake and compression process of piston geometry on the in-cylinder flow. The detailed flow characteristics inside the in-cylinder for different piston bowl shapes can offer basic guidelines to improve the combustion process.     

微型面包车发动机进气歧管的优化设计

针对微型面包车的工作特点及其对发动机性能的需求,通过优化设计发动机进气歧管,实现发动机最大扭矩点前移、中低速扭矩明显提高的性能优化目标;优化进气歧管设计的方法是:首先由BOOST仿真软件搭建发动机工作过程的一维模型,经过优化计算确定最佳的进气歧管关键参数;然后建立进气歧管内核三维模型,并根据内核的CFD流场分析结果优化内核,以降低进气阻力、提高进气均匀性;完成壳体设计,制作进气歧管快速样件,在基础发动机上试验,考核设计指标.     

大功率柴油机燃烧室优化及其与喷油嘴的匹配试验

运用仿真与试验相结合的方法,利用KIVA-3软件对燃烧室进行了优化研究,确定燃烧室的优选方案。并在一台模拟增压单缸机上对燃烧室的优选方案与不同方案喷油嘴进行优化匹配试验,确定喷油嘴最佳方案。结果表明:采用燃烧室B和8×Ф0.42 mm喷油嘴,可以达到研究目的。     

Introductory measurements of in-cylinder flow past intake valve ports with a film split-fiber probe

A new steady flow test bench test facility has been designed and fabricated for exploration of complex three-dimensional flowfields inside a cylinder of an internal combustion engine. An engine cylinder head of a currently produced car engine with four head valves is utilized as an inlet section of the newly built test bench test. No piston is located in the cylinder and the intake valves are not periodically operated. They remain open during the test periods. An extensive set of initial experimental data has been acquired for both open intake valves and for the location of the probes at two different axial stations in the engine cylinder. The experimental technique of thermo-anemometer split-fiber probes is employed in this research work, which is a novelty never applied before to this class of flows. The probe properties are explained in the paper with emphasis on the probe directional characteristics. The verification tests proved the operational readiness of the new test bench to acquire reliable experimental data at a range of flow conditions simulating real engine settings. The acquired data set base will be used for validations of improved CFD engine design codes. An analysis of the initial set of experimental data clearly indicates that two vortices, or more likely down-flowing spiral flow structures. are present side by side in the cylinder. Mutual interaction of these two flow structures and the ability to generate faithful numerical simulation of this flow pattern for additional planes of measurement and various valve openings will be reported separately.     

Modeling and control of an electronic-vacuum booster for vehicle cruise control

A mathematical model and control laws for an Electronic-Vacuum Booster (EVB) For application to vehicle cruise control will be presented. Also this paper includes performance test result of EVB and vehicle cruise control experiments. The pressure difference between the vacuum chamber and the apply chamber is controlled by a PWM-solenoid-valve. Since the pressure at the vacuum chamber is identical to that of the engine intake manifold, the output of the electronic-vacuum booster is sensitive to engine speed. The performance characteristics of the electronic-vacuum booster have been investigated via computer simulations and vehicle tests. The mathematical model of the electronic-vacuum booster developed in this study and a two-state dynamic engine model have been used in the simulations. It has been shown by simulations and vehicle tests that the EVB-cruise control system can provide a vehicle with good distance control performance in both high speed and low speed stop and go driving situations.     

Analysis and design of an axial piston water-pump with piston valve

In this paper, we present a novel axial piston water-pump with piston valve, which carries out the flow distribution to drain and sucks water by the interaction of each piston. This novel water-pump could achieve change in-phase between flow rate and the passage areas of the intake and outlet ports. In order to completely achieve the in-phase change, the pressure that is assigned a fixed value in the piston chamber is optimized. On these grounds, the optimum shapes of the intake and outlet ports have been found to be rectangular according to theoretical analysis. The simulation results indicated that the optimum intake and outlet port shapes keeps the pressure in the piston chamber constant, and there is almost no pressure surge except for a very small pressure wave in the piston chamber. Finally, the test of model machine showed that the pressures of the intake and outlet port are very steady, but the leakage is large and the volumetric efficiency is 74.7%.     

驻室抽气压缩机及其与风洞性能相关性研究

为了研究驻室抽气压缩机及其与风洞性能的相关性,对E71-3离心压缩机进行了性能试验,并进行了驻室抽气性能测试。试验结果表明:(1)E71-3离心压缩机实测最高压比4.516,设计点多变效率81.8%,达到了设计要求。(2)风洞运行总压升高,压缩机多变效率降低。(3)风洞试验段Ma=0.9~1.1时,驻室抽气量对风洞模型区梯度的影响不大,但驻室抽气量超过4%后风洞马赫数均方根偏差明显增大;压缩机稳定在中等转速、适量抽气量的工况,且入口流量调节阀全开,风洞流场品质较好,运行成本最低。     

进气管道长度对汽油机动力性能影响的研究

为了研究进气系统管道长度对某四缸汽油机动力性能的影响,在试验的基础上,借用先进的发动机性能计算软件GT-Power,对该款汽油机的动力性能进行了模拟计算。分析了进气系统管道长度对该汽油机动力性能的影响,得到了其影响规律,为该款汽油机动力性能改善指明了方向。     

滑阀式压缩空气发动机实验研究

为优化气动发动机设计,提高气动发动机的工作性能,在一台由四冲程汽油机改装的二冲程气动发动机上进行了详细的台架试验。提出一个评价气动发动机性能的新指标——气动发动机平均有效压力和缸内平均压力的比值。采用钢、铝和尼龙三种材料制作相同尺寸的配气滑块进行试验,结果表明配气滑块的质量,对气动发动机动力性有影响。对进气持续角为128 °、143 °和156 °的尼龙材料配气滑块进行试验,试验结果表明增大进气持续角可以提高压缩空气的膨胀效率。在三种不同压缩比的状况下进行了气动发动机试验。试验证明在传统内燃机的基础上改装气动发动机时,增大发动机压缩比,会降低压缩空气的膨胀效率。     

汽油机进气歧管数值计算方法研究

针对两种数值计算方法（四口全通、三闭一通）影响进气歧管的流场特性和进气均匀性计算结果的问题,分别采用这两种数值计算方法对某四缸汽油机的两款进气歧管进行了CFD计算,分析了两种数值方法获得的进气阻力和进气均匀性计算结果。同时,建立了相应的发动机试验白架,通过分析两款进气歧管对发动机的动力性、经济性及运行平稳性的试验数据来验证数值计算方法的可靠性。研究结果表明：采用“四口全通”和“三三闭一通”这两种数值计算方法获得的进气阻力变化趋势一致,两者都适用于进气阻力仿真分析;两种数值计算方法的进气均匀性计算结果差异很大;“三闭一通”数值计算方法更加适用于进气歧管进气均匀性分析。     

发动机进气歧管充量系数理论研究

以DA462进气歧管产品设计过程中出现的一些问题为例，通过改进进气歧管产品设计过程中影响零件性能的几个关键参数，从而使进气歧管乃至其所配发动机整体质量有了很大的提高。涉及的问题包括气道形状的优化设计、充量系数、发动机总扭矩等，以供今后开发和改进同类型的歧管系列产品时参考。     

4105增压柴油机排气系统模拟分析

排气系统是柴油机重要部件之一,对柴油机的性能、噪声等方面有很大的影响。为了更高效的优化排气系统,采用GT-POWER软件建立了柴油机排气系统模型,并对4105柴油机排气系统进行模拟分析。研究了排气支管长度、管径,排气总管管径,排气歧管管径变化对发动机性能的影响。通过选取不同数值来比较柴油机的扭矩、功率和充气效率。最终确定排气支管管径、长度以及排气总管管径等参数。为4105柴油机排气系统的设计提供理论参考。     

进气迟后角对四冲程发动机性能影响的分析

充量系数是影响发动机性能的主要因素。主要阐述了进气迟后角对四冲程发动机充量系数的影响,对四冲程发动机的充量系数进行了定义并推导了充量系数的解析式,充量系数解析式包含了多个影响因素,各因素之间的相互影响、相互关连。从不同角度总结提出了合理的确定进气迟后角的方法,从而提高充量系数,改善发动机的性能。     

Calculation on cylinder pressure fluctuation by using the wave equation in KIVA program

Cylinder pressure fluctuation during combustion process of internal combustion engine is closely related to combustion noise and knock.The current studies are based on cylinder pressure test to obtain ...     

1.1L前驱动微型汽车发动机进气歧管开发

应用一维发动机热力学模拟软件对一款1.1升发动机的选气系统进行仿真计算,设计了满足配车要求的发动机进气歧管,确定其结构并制造手工样件,通过试验验证计算结果,从而确定了进气歧管的长度、直径等结构参数.     

基于拓扑与形状优化的柴油机机体低振动设计

为实现机体的低振动优化设计,在试验验证有限元模型正确性的基础上,采用拓扑优化和形状优化方法,保证不同层次优化模型的承接性,以机体模态频率和整机振动烈度值作为优化设计目标,采用数值模拟方法对机体进行振动响应分析,为机体的优化设计识别出机体振动状况分布。以四缸柴油机机体的虚拟样机为设计对象,通过拓扑优化与形状优化得到设计变量最优解,并综合考虑相关因素确定全部布局和细节设计的最终优化方案。优化结构分析结果表明,优化后各阶模态频率均得到了提高,同时整机振动烈度值降低了34.8%,优化后的机体在满足结构刚度和强度条件下实现了机体振动烈度处于安全区域。研究表明所提出的拓扑优化和形状优化在设计效率和精度都有所提高,在机体的低振动设计中可行且有效。     

Thermal flow analysis of vehicle engine cooling system

This paper deals with theoretical model developed for analyzing the heat transfer of automotive cooling systems. The model has a modular structure which links various cooling system submodels. From the model, heat transfer rate of automotive cooling systems can be predicted, providing useful information at the early stages of the design and development. The aim of the study is to develop a simulation program for automotive cooling system analysis and a performance analysis program for analyzing heat exchanger. Heat release rate from combustion gas to coolant through the cylinder wall in engine cylinder was analyzed by using an engine cycle simulation program. In this paper, details of each submodel are described together with the overall structure of the vehicle model.