环保型增塑剂ATBC在NBR中的应用研究

研究了乙酰柠檬酸正三丁酯(ATBC)对丁腈橡胶混炼胶硫化特性和硫化胶力学性能的影响,并与增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)的增塑性能进行了对比。结果表明,添加增塑剂ATBC能够降低混炼胶的粘度和硫化胶力学性能。与增塑剂DOP相比,添加增塑剂ATBC的硫化胶增塑效果、耐低温性能以及力学性能均较高。在实验条件下,添加增塑剂DOP的胶料热稳定性要好于增塑剂ATBC。     

不同增塑剂对PLA/BF复合材料的性能影响

采用注塑工艺,探讨了乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯(ATBC)、聚乙二醇1500(PEG1500)、甘油(GY)和聚乙二醇200(PEG200)四种增塑剂及ATBC含量对聚乳酸/竹纤维(PLA/BF)复合材料的力学性能、吸水性、热稳定性、相容性的影响。结果表明,四种增塑剂都能使复合材料PLA/BF的相容性有所改善,但作用不同,少量ATBC的添加有利于PLA/BF复合体系相容性的提高。PEG1500和GY的添加有利于复合材料热稳定性的增加,而PEG200和ATBC则相反。PEG1500使复合材料的吸水率改变最大。力学性能分析可知,PEG1500对复合材料的韧性作用最显著,但同时拉伸强度的下降幅度也是最大,综合各因素得出ATBC最适合做该PLA/BF复合材料的增韧改性剂。随着ATBC含量的增加PLA/BF复合材料的热稳定性下降,吸水率提高,拉伸强度下降,韧性提高。     

2-乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯对苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物性能的影响

将2-乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯（ATBC）添加到苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物（SEBS）中对其进行改性,研究了改性后SEBS的化学结构、力学性能及热性能。结果表明,使用ATBC对SEBS进行改性不改变SEBS的链结构,但会使SEBS的拉伸强度和直角撕裂强度降低、扯断伸长率增大、玻璃化转变温度和结晶度下降。结晶度下降是造成ATBC改性SEBS拉伸强度和直角撕裂性能变差的主要原因。     

茶粉/聚乳酸复合材料的增韧改性

为高值化利用茶产业剩余物资源,以茶粉（TD）为生物质填料,聚乳酸（PLA）为基体,以甘油（GL）、聚乙二醇400（PEG400）、环氧大豆油（ESO）和乙酰柠檬酸丁酯（ATBC）为增塑剂,制备了可降解TD/PLA增韧复合材料,并采用红外吸收光谱、热重分析、转矩流变仪、扫描电镜及力学性能测试等考察了增塑剂对TD/PLA复合材料结构与性能的影响。结果表明：4种增塑剂都可改善TD/PLA复合材料的加工流变性,GL的添加不利于复合材料韧性,PEG、ATBC及ESO的添加提高了复合材料韧性,其中ESO增韧效果最佳,其添加制备的复合材料断裂伸长率及缺口冲击强度分别提高了154.23%和65.53%,GL增韧效果最差,ATBC增韧后复合材料力学强度和模量最高。FTIR分析表明,ATBC和ESO可与PLA发生一定相互作用,使C-O键红外吸收峰位增大,其增韧后复合材料吸水率下降。ESO添加提高了TD/PLA复合材料的维卡软化点和热稳定性。SEM图片显示,TD/PLA/ESO复合材料断面粗糙,ESO分散较均匀,与PLA部分相容,而TD/PLA/GL复合材料断面出现严重相分离结构。该研究结果可为进一步探索聚乳酸基茶塑复合材料制备及应用提供试验数据和理论参考。     

柠檬酸酯类溶剂对超临界CO2诱导相转化法制备PVDF膜的影响

通过超临界CO2诱导相转化法,以不同比例的环境友好型溶剂乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯（ATBC）或柠檬酸三乙酯（TEC）部分取代传统溶剂二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）,制备聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）微孔膜。利用扫描电子显微镜、差示扫描量热仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪和接触角仪对所制备的PVDF膜的形貌、热力学性能、晶型转化和亲水性能等进行了研究。结果表明,ATBC和TEC的加入,显著影响PVDF膜的形貌结构,当ATBC或TEC的添加量达到50 %（质量分数,下同）时,PVDF膜表层结构和断面结构的粗糙度提高,明显不同于以DMF为纯溶剂时制备的PVDF膜;膜表面的亲水性和表面粗糙度呈正相关;在误差允许范围内,制备的PVDF膜的热力学性能并不受ATBC和TEC含量的影响;当ATBC或TEC的含量达到50 %时,PVDF膜的晶型发生了转变,趋向于形成β结构的晶型。     

环境友好型增塑剂增塑聚氯乙烯体系的性能表征

以传统增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)为比较对象,研究了对苯二酸二辛酯(DOTP)、乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯(ATBC)、己二酸二辛酯(DOA)、癸二酸二辛酯(DOS)4种环境友好型增塑剂对聚氯乙烯(PVC)体系的力学性能和耐油、耐溶剂性能的影响,并采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法和差示扫描量热法对试样分子结构进行了表征。结果表明:①ATBC/PVC体系的Tg最高(-22.1℃);DOS/PVC体系的Tg最低(-65.4℃),耐寒性最佳;②ATBC、DOA、DOS增塑PVC的力学性能整体上优于DOP增塑的PVC;③在异辛烷、正己烷和ASTM 1#标准油3种萃取剂中,5种增塑剂在正己烷中的最终抽出率最大;在同一萃取剂中,ATBC的最终抽出率最小;④针对不同使用领域,DOPT、ATBC、DOA、DOS可替代DOP增塑PVC。     

PLA/PBAT 共混体系相容性研究

采用熔融共混法制备了聚乳酸/聚己二酸-对苯二甲酸-丁二酯共聚物(PLA/PBAT)共混物,研究了不同含量的钛酸四丁酯(TBT)、过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)和乙酰化柠檬酸三丁酯(ATBC)对PLA/PBAT共混物(PLA/PBAT质量比为50/50)相容性的影响,同时,利用万能力学试验机、差示扫描量热仪及扫描电子显微镜对共混物的力学性能、热性能以及微观形态进行了表征。结果表明,相容剂BPO和TBT均能改善PLA/PBAT的相容性;当BPO、ATBC添加量分别为0.5份(质量份,下同)时,共混物的拉伸强度达到最大值,分别为39MPa和38MPa,使得材料刚性增加,但对材料韧性改善效果一般;当TBT添加量为0.5份时,共混物的断裂伸长率达到最大值263%,使得材料韧性提高。     

用PBC增韧PLA改性研究

以聚碳酸丁二醇酯(PBC)为增韧剂,采用熔融共混法对聚乳酸进行改性,研究其对聚乳酸(PLA)力学性能的影响。并考察了PBC与聚丁二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯(PBS)和乙酰基柠檬酸三正丁酯(ATBC)复配增韧PLA,及其中PBC含量对体系性能影响。同时对比了加入丙烯酸酯类(ACR)型抗冲改性剂对体系性能影响。结果表明:PBC对PLA有较好的增韧效果,PBC与PBS、ATBC复配增韧PLA的效果更佳,其中PBC含量为7%时体系韧性较好,断裂伸长率达200.9%,提高近5倍。ATBC含量为3%时,PLA/PBC体系力学性能最佳;丙烯酸酯类增韧剂UF100可以很好地改善共混体系的韧性,体系的冲击强度及断裂伸长率随UF100含量的增加而增大。     

PLA/ECP/ATBC三元共混复合材料的制备及其性能

将与聚乳酸(PLA)化学接枝改性的环氧大豆油(ECP)和乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯(ATBC)作为复合增塑剂,改变ECP和ATBC的含量与PLA熔融共混制备PLA/ECP/ATBC三元共混复合材料,通过差式扫描量热仪、热变形温度测定仪、万能拉伸试验机、水接触角测定仪、洛氏硬度计考察了PLA/ECP/ATBC复合材料的热稳定性、力学性能和亲疏水性能。结果表明,复合材料结晶度最大为14.07%,是纯PLA的8.96倍;缺口冲击强度最大为4.59 kJ/m~2,比纯PLA提高了99.57%;断裂伸长率最大为167.2%,是纯PLA的50.21倍;改变ECP和ATBC的含量可以调节PLA复合材料的亲疏水能力和雾度,能为PLA基体与其他亲水亲油类材料的相容性改性拓宽思路,雾度的改变使PLA基复合材料可以用作光扩散剂,有助于拓展PLA材料的应用范围。     

阻燃涂料的制备及在塑料基材上的应用

阻燃涂料是应用于可燃基材表面,具有隔热隔质、推迟着火时间、延缓燃烧发展等阻燃性能的一类特种涂料。相比于在本体中添加阻燃剂,塑料制品表面涂覆阻燃涂料可以不受塑料成型加工工艺的限制,同时也避免了塑料制品力学性能的降低,具有广阔的应用前景。本文综述了阻燃涂料的制备方法,讨论了它们在不同类型塑料基材上的应用。     

Properties and Degradation of Novel Fully Biodegradable PLA/PHB Blends Filled with Keratin

The utilization of keratin waste in new materials formulations can prevent its environmental disposal problem. Here, novel composites based on biodegradable blends consisting of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), and filled with hydrolyzed keratin with loading from 1 to 20 wt % were prepared and their properties were investigated. Mechanical and viscoelastic properties were characterized by tensile test, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and rheology measurements. The addition of acetyltributyl citrate (ATBC) significantly affected the mechanical properties of the materials. It was found that the filled PLA/PHB/ATBC composite at the highest keratin loading exhibited similar shear moduli compared to the un-plasticized blend as a result of the much stronger interactions between the keratin and polymer matrix compared to composites with lower keratin content. The differences in dynamic moduli for PLA/PHB/ATBC blend filled with keratin depended extensively on the keratin content while loss the factor values progressively decreased with keratin loading. Softening interactions between the keratin and polymer matrix resulted in lower glass transitions temperature and reduced polymer chain mobility. The addition of keratin did not affect the extent of degradation of the PLA/PHB blend during melt blending. Fast hydrolysis at 60 °C was observed for composites with all keratin loadings. The developed keratin-based composites possess properties comparable to commonly used thermoplastics applicable for example as packaging materials.     

气相色谱—质谱法测定食品塑料包装中柠檬酸酯类增塑剂

建立测定食品塑料包装中柠檬酸三乙酯(TEC)、柠檬酸三丁酯(TBC)、乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯(ATBC)、柠檬酸三辛酯(TOC)、等柠檬酸酯类增塑剂的检测方法。使用正己烷萃取柠檬酸酯类增塑剂,萃取液用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)测定。方法的检测限在0.05~1 mg/L之间,TEC、TBC、ATBC的线性范围在0.2~20 mg/L之间,TOC的线性范围在2~100 mg/L之间,相关系数r2大于0.997。4种柠檬酸酯类增塑剂加标回收率在82.7%~100%之间,相对标准偏差在3.6%~14.0%之间。运用该方法检测了20份食品塑料包装,未检出柠檬酸酯类增塑剂。     

Plasticized and nanofilled poly(lactic acid)‐based cast films: Effect of plasticizer and organoclay on processability and final properties

PLA‐based nanocomposites filled with the commercial organomodified montmorillonite Dellite 43B (D43B) and containing acetyl tri‐n‐butyl citrate (ATBC) as plasticizer were prepared by extrusion in a pilot‐scale twin‐screw extruder and melt casted into flexible films. A preliminary investigation was carried out in a laboratory batch mixer by varying blending conditions and addition procedures of the components. Indeed, the method of addition of ATBC and D43B considerably affected thermo‐mechanical properties and morphology of the resultant nanocomposites. The simultaneous introduction of both ATBC and D43B during the extrusion process allowed producing clearly exfoliated nanocomposite materials with modulated mechanical and thermal properties. Moreover, rheological results, obtained during melt extrusion, assessed the processability of nanofilled‐plasticized PLA, making this simple procedure interesting in view of the industrial production of nanostructured biomaterials based on plasticized PLA. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2013     

树脂催化剂催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯系列增塑剂及其应用

采用负载双金属路易斯酸的树脂催化剂催化合成了柠檬酸三丁酯(TBC),再经乙酰化生成乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯(ATBC)、油酰柠檬酸三丁酯(OTBC)、十八碳酰柠檬酸三丁酯(ETBC)。经试验分析,催化剂KC124的催化效果最好,催化活性最强。使用TBC系列增塑剂,PVC样品的力学性能高于邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)和己二酸二辛酯(DOA),耐低温性能高于DOP和DOA,分子迁移率低,材料的耐久性能好。催化剂KC124使用寿命长,稳定性好。     

Processability and mechanical properties of commercial PVC plastisols containing low‐environmental‐impact plasticizers

Preliminary results are presented concerning the use of less‐toxic plasticizers such as dioctyl adipate (DOA) and acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) in plastisol formulations for rotational molding technology. The DOA and ATBC plasticizers have been studied by comparing the effects of their content, molecular architecture, and polarity on the rheological behavior of liquid plastic systems and on the mechanical properties of the ultimate products prepared with PVCs having different particle sizes and molecular‐weight distributions. Rheological tests have confirmed the differences in solvent power of the diethylhexyl phthalate (DOP), DOA, and ATBC plasticizers. The glass transition temperatures measured on rotomolded samples have shown that the use of ATBC leads to a more nearly rigid system as a consequence of the branched structure and polarity of this plasticizer when compared with DOA. Mechanical tests carried out on final products after natural and forced environmental aging revealed a slight decrease in their performance. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Effect of mixing poly(lactic acid) with glycidyl methacrylate grafted poly(ethylene octene) on optical and mechanical properties of the blown films

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was plasticized with acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC). The plasticized PLA was further blended with poly(ethylene octene) grafted with glycidyl methacrylate (POE‐g‐GMA denoted as GPOE) using a twin‐screw extruder and the extruded samples were blown using the blown thin film technique. Both ATBC and GPOE significantly influenced the physical properties of the films. Compared to neat PLA, the elongation at break and tear strength of the films were significantly improved. The cavitation and large plastic deformation observed in films subjected to the tear test were the important energy‐dissipation process, which led to a torn PLA film. Moreover, the PLA/ATBC/GPOE blown films had better transparency and water tolerance than that of neat PLA. GPOE could act as a tear resistance modifier for PLA blown films. These findings contributed new knowledge to the additives area and gave important implications for designing and manufacturing polymer packaging materials. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:2801–2813, 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Combined effect of a plasticizer and carvacrol and thymol on the mechanical,thermal, morphological properties of poly(lactic acid)

In this study, the effects of the monotherpenic phenol concentration on the properties of biocomposites containing plasticized poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) were investigated. The monotherpenic phenols carvacrol (C) and thymol (T) were added to PLA by a melt‐blending method. The prepared samples were characterized by means of tensile testing, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and antibacterial activity tests. The addition of ATBC to PLA resulted in hydrogen bonding between ATBC and PLA. We observed that ATBC, C, and T reduced the glass‐transition temperature of PLA. The presence of C and T decreased the maximum degradation temperature slightly. Because of the plasticization effect of the additives, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of PLA decreased, whereas the extent of elongation they experienced before failure increased. This effect was also observed with SEM analysis in terms of plastic deformation at break. The antibacterial activity tests showed that samples containing high concentrations of C demonstrated an improved antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes bacteria. We observed that C exhibited a higher inhibition against bacterial strains than T. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 45895.     

The Free Volume Contribution to the Optical Clarity of a High Nitrile Plastic

Although the high optical clarity exhibited by a high nitrile plastic is desirable for packaging of food and beverages, exposure of the high nitrile molded articles to water at elevated temperatures causes the plastic to become hazy and the optical clarity is substantially reduced. Containers used for food and beverage packaging are sometimes exposed to water at elevated temperatures. For example, the containers are washed with hot water preparatory to being filled with product and are also exposed to water at elevated temperatures if pasteurization or sterilization of the packaged product is required after the container is filled.     

柠檬酸酯增塑聚乳酸/淀粉复合材料的研究

聚乳酸(PLA)基料与玉米淀粉、引发剂双2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(过氧化叔丁基)己烷(双2,5)、增容剂(MAH)、增塑剂乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯(ATBC)通过熔融共混制备了增塑改性的聚乳酸/淀粉复合材料;考察了ATBC的加入对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:增塑剂的加入可降低材料的玻璃化转变温度和冷结晶温度,但对顺丁烯二酸酐的增容效果有所削弱;在PLA/淀粉=70/30(质量比)时,增塑剂的加入量在7.5%～10%的范围内变化会导致力学性能的急剧转变。     

圆周多行位圆弧化直线运动抽芯模具设计

针对圆周多行位、多层位的注塑产品,设计了圆弧化直线运动的抽芯模具,该模具采用齿轮传动抽芯组件在圆周运动时受限于导槽而做直线运动的方法,实现了复杂塑料件的合理脱模。详细介绍了模具的工作原理,通过4次分型实现了自动化注塑生产,经生产实践证明,该模具结构紧凑、工作稳定可靠,可为圆周多行位塑料件生产提供借鉴。