Characteristics of actual nutrition of the long-lived population of Azerbaijan]

The assay of the actual nutrition of old people living in Azerbaijan has evidenced that it corresponds to the climatic and geographical features of the region and has a direct relation to the long-living. The actual nutrition of old subjects in the Azerbaijan SSR is characterized by low fat consumption (vegetable oils among them), by low value of the ratio between polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids, by high consumption of fruit and vegetables as well as fermented milk products, by an optimal water-salt regimen, high content of vitamins and antioxidants, geroprotectors and a comparatively low energy value of the food rations.     

The actual nutrition of children in the pediatric institutions of Kemerovo

Dietary intake from kindergartens and boarding schools was studied. Analysis of nutrient and energetic content of rations was given. It is determined that there are a disbalance of the main components and deficient of some vitamins and minerals. Recommendations for correction of children's nourishment were proposed.     

Analysis of actual nutrition of vegetarians

The questionnaire method was used in the study of the actual nutrition of 20 vegetarians. A group of subjects who received mixed food were observed for comparison. The mean day ration of the two groups differed in the increased proportion of vegetables, fruit, milk products, nuts and vegetable seeds in the vegetarians' nutrition. The analysis of the chemical composition of the ration has shown that the absolute content of protein, fat, carbohydrates, some vitamins of group B in the vegetarians' nutrition is lower than the values recommended. Besides that this nutrition is deficient in Fe, Zn, vitamin B12. However, vegetarian rations with low calorie value are capable of providing physiological requirements of the body in food fibres, vegetable oil, beta-carotene and ascorbic acid.     

The iron deficiency status and the actual nutrition of women in Gorno-Altai]

Standard methods (questionnaires, peripheral blood count, iron pool) were employed to study epidemiology (prevalence and risk factors) of iron deficiency in the women of the Altai mountains and the relation of this deficiency with essential nutrition. Hemoglobin dispersion was found to depend on fuel value of the ration, total protein levels, polyunsaturated fatty acid content.     

Characteristics of the actual nutrition of Estonian and Finnish children

The initial stage of the joint Soviet-Finnish scientific investigations of the risk factors of obesity in children is presented in the paper. The investigations were conducted by the Nutrition Department of the Institute of Nutrition of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, in the Estonian SSR, and the Helsinki University in Finland. The authors have analyzed daily intake of varying food products by children aged from 1 to 15 years, as well as daily average-energy consumption with food ration as a whole and separately at the expense of protein, fatty and carbohydrate components of food rations of these children. Although children in the Estonian SSR and in Finland receive different food products, the energy value of the food ration and percent distribution of energy with respect to separate food ingredients in the children investigated were practically similar.     

Comparative study of the state of health and nutrition of young children from rural and urban areas of the Uzbek SSR

The study of the physical development including caliperometric investigations was conducted in 2620 infants. The food ingredients and caloric content were studied in the daily ration of 267 infants with premorbid signs. Parameters of the physical development (growth, body mass, chest circumference size, and standards of fat content in per cent) in infants can be recommended as reference ones in the region studied. The physical development of infants depended on proper organization of full value nutrition, both quantitative and qualitative.     

The structure of the actual nutrition of diabetic patients in the city of Kemerovo]

Dietary intake of patients with insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was studied. Analysis of nutrient and energetic content of rations is given. Unbalance of the main components and deficiency of some vitamins and minerals were registered.     

Actual nutrition and health of several groups of rural and urban population of the Republic of Georgia]

The results of the study have shown that the nutrition of rural population is characterized by excessive consumption of bread and baked products, by high content of phosphorus, magnesium and iron, low content of animal proteins, vegetable oils, calcium, vitamins A, ascorbic acid and riboflavin. The incidence of cardiovascular, respiratory and alimentary diseases in this group of population was rather high. The nutrition of students is characterized by excessive consumption of polysaccharides, vegetable oils, thiamine, niacin, ascorbic acid (in winter-spring period), and calcium. Diseases associated with nutrition disorders (obesity, hepatitis, cholecystitis, colitis) are most often recorded in this group of population.     

The status of the actual nutrition of pregnant women in an epidemically unfavorable region of Kazakhstan]

Questionnaire survey and body mass control followed by computer estimation of the diet chemical composition were conducted in 30 pregnant women in summer and autumn. Deficiency in intake of meat products, vegetable oil, potatoes reached 15.2-34.7, 24.2-55.8, 55-65.7%, respectively, in the trimester I and II. The dietary lack of fish, eggs, vegetables, fruit could be hardly compensated by bakery foods and sweets. Protein deficiency rose to 25-38.3%, that of fat 19.1-25.2%. Intake of carbohydrates was satisfactory, though mineral salts and vitamins were provided incompletely.     

Alimentary factors and cholecystopathy in rural inhabitants of the Latvian SSR

The role of the chemical composition and regimen of nutrition in the development of cholecystopathy was studied in the rural population (aged 20-60) of the Latvian SSR. The right hypochondrium syndrome (RHS) served as a criterion for the cholecystopathy diagnosis. Mass-questioning (283) and questioning (6374) methods were used to register data on nutrition. The chemical composition and energy value of the diets were determined from the data obtained by the mass-questioning method, while the composition of diets and food taking characteristics were assessed using the questioning method. All the subjects investigated were distributed into four groups: clinically normal subjects with normal body weight (NBW); subjects with obesity; those with RHS and NBW; subjects with RHS and obesity. It was found that the nutrition of the rural population was imbalanced and characterized by a high content of animal fats and cholesterol, and a low carbohydrate content, deficiency of unsaturated fatty acids, phospholipids, ballast substances and ascorbic acid as compared to physiological standards. The diets of obesic subjects contained a higher amount of fat and higher energy value as compared to those of the NBW subjects. No statistically significant difference was found in the content of the main nutrients in the food taken by the subjects with RHS as compared to those who had no RHS. This fact indicates the determinant role of obesity in the development of cholecystopathy. The subjects with RHS received less amounts of eggs, vegetables and fruit than those with no RHS. The most manifest abnormal diets were recorded in the subjects with RHS and obesity.     

Calculations of the chemical composition and energy value of diets in actual nutrition

The principle of estimating the chemical composition and energy value of actual nutrition diets with the use of new tables on "Chemical Composition of Foodstuffs" has been presented.