AZ31镁合金轧态薄板化学镀Ni-P合金的工艺研究

为了改善AZ31镁合金轧态薄板的耐腐蚀性能,通过正交试验优化了化学镀Ni-P的配方及工艺,并对Ni-P镀层的形貌、镀层厚度、镀层中P元素的含量以及镀层在3．5％NaCI溶液中的极化曲线进行了测试和表征。结果表明,AZ31镁合金化学镀Ni—P的最优方案为：碱式碳酸镍10g／L,次亚磷酸钠25g/L,温度80％,pH值=8。所得的Ni—P镀层均匀,无明显缺陷,厚度约为18～23μm,P元素的质量分数为9．68％。试样经化学镀Ni—P后的自腐蚀电位大幅度提高,出现了约600mV的钝化区间,其耐蚀性能明显提高。     

Ni-P-CNTs化学镀层在酸性溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为

为了更深地认识CNTs对Ni—P镀层电化学腐蚀性能的影响,采用复合化学镀技术,通过向优化的化学镀溶液中加入碳纳米管的方法在45^#钢基材上制备了Ni—P—CNTs复合镀层,并用相同工艺在45^#钢基材上直接化学镀Ni—P镀层作为对比。采用SEM／EDAX,XRD和TEM综合分析了复合镀层的形貌和结构,分析表明：所得镀层以非晶结构为主,碳纳米管均匀分布在镀层中。采用动电位极化及交流阻抗技术对比研究了Ni—P—CNTs复合镀层及纯Ni—P镀层在0．5mol／LNaCl＋0．05mol／LH2sO4酸性溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为,腐蚀实验结果表明：在该介质溶液中,与不含碳纳米管的Ni—P镀层相比,Ni—P—CNTs复合镀层的自腐蚀电位和自腐蚀电流密度较低,耐均匀腐蚀性能得到明显改善;此外,碳纳米管的加入还明显提高了Ni—P镀层在该介质溶液中的耐点蚀性能。     

化学镀Ni-P合金耐蚀性能优化的研究方向

阐明了化学镀Ni-P合金具有许多优异的性能,其中最为突出的是耐蚀性能;综述了近年来化学镀Ni-P合金的耐蚀性的研究进展;分析了化学镀Ni-P合金的耐蚀性能;讨论了含磷量、热处理温度、前处理工艺等因素对镀层耐蚀性的影响;探讨了化学镀Ni-P合金的基本原理、反应机理和耐蚀机理;提出了通过优化工艺、添加稀土元素、采用多元合金化学镀等方法可提高化学镀Ni-P合金的耐蚀性能;并指出化学镀Ni-P合金的可能发展方向.     

铜含量对镁合金化学镀Ni-Cu-P镀层性能的研究

为研究镀液中不同铜离子含量对镁合金AZ91D化学镀Ni-Cu-P镀层性能的影响,采用硫酸镍为镍源,在镁合金化学镀Ni-P的镀液中加入不同含量的铜离子,可直接得到不同的Ni-Cu-P镀层,但都较均匀致密,结合力良好.经过耐醋酸腐蚀、磨粒磨损试验,结果表明:在硫酸铜含量为0.5g/L的镀液中获得的Ni-Cu-P镀层,较基体的耐蚀性提高了0.84倍,耐磨性提高了0.56倍.由此得出结论:镀液中硫酸铜含量为0.5g/L,所得到的镀层性能最佳.     

锡酸盐转化前处理对镁合金化学镀镍镀层的影响

目的利用锡酸盐转化膜中间层避免化学镀镍镀层与金属基体的直接接触,降低其产生原电池腐蚀的趋势,提高镁合金化学镀镍层的耐蚀性及稳定性。方法采用锡酸盐化学转化膜技术在AZ31镁合金表面制备锡酸盐转化膜层,然后通过直接化学镀镍技术在该膜层上沉积Ni-P镀层。利用SEM、EDS、浸泡析氢、电化学测试等手段,研究了复合镀层的显微结构、相组成、耐蚀性。结果锡酸盐转化膜由细小均匀的球形颗粒堆积而成,颗粒之间存在空隙,为直接化学镀镍时镍磷的初始沉积提供了可能。化学转化膜表面沉积的化学镀镍层均匀致密,形成典型的胞状结构。基体-化学转化膜-化学镀Ni-P合金层三者之间的结合良好,保证了复合镀层优良的耐蚀性能。结论化学镀Ni-P层能够在不经过钯活化处理的条件下直接在锡酸盐转化膜上沉积,锡酸盐转化膜中间层避免了Ni-P阴极性镀层与阳极性镁基体的直接接触,降低了Ni-P镀层局部缺陷对整体防护效果的影响,提高了镀层的耐蚀性及耐久性。     

A novel dual nickel coating on AZ91D magnesium alloy

Magnesium alloys covered with metal coating display excellent corrosion resistance,wear resistance,conductivity and electromagnetic shielding properties.The electroless plating Ni-P as bottom layer following the electroplating nickel as surface layer on AZ91D magnesium alloy was investigated.The coating surface morphology was observed with SEM and the structure was analyzed with XRD.Electrochemical tests and salt spray tests were carried out to study the corrosion resistance.The experimental results indi...     

加入纳米金刚石对铜基体上 Ni-P 化学镀层性能的影响

为增强化学镀Ni-P镀层的性能,以纯铜为基体,在镀液中加入纳米金刚石,共沉积Ni-P/纳米金刚石复合镀层,研究了纳米金刚石的加入对镀层性能的影响。结果表明:纳米金刚石质量浓度为12 g/L时,获得的镀层质量较好;纳米金刚石的加入大大提高了镀层的摩擦磨损性能和耐腐蚀性能。     

Mechanical assisted electroless barrel-plating Ni-P coatings on magnesium alloy

A mechanically assisted electroless barrel-plating Ni-P was carried out in a rolling drum containing Mg alloy specimens and ceramic balls, which was submerged in a bath containing electroless plating solution. It is demonstrated that the Ni-P coatings deposited by this novel technique have a crystallized Ni-P solid solution structure, showing fine-grains, higher hardness, and higher corrosion resistance compared with the conventional electroless plated amorphous Ni-P coatings. After heat treatment at 400 ℃ ...     

锡青铜化学镀 Ni-P 合金工艺及镀层性能

目的在锡青铜基体上化学镀Ni-P合金镀层,提高锡青铜的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性。方法以酸性含锌活化液活化锡青铜试样,在相同的条件下实施化学镀,并对镀态试样进行不同温度(250,400,500℃)下的热处理。对比基体、镀态试样和热处理试样的性能,研究热处理温度对锡青铜化学镀Ni-P合金层微观结构、显微硬度、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性的影响。结果锡青铜表面形成了Ni-P合金镀层,并且镀层无孔隙缺陷,与基体结合良好,沉积速率较快,为10.00μm/h。经热处理后,镀层的微观结构由非晶态向晶态转变,在500℃热处理的镀层显微硬度最大,耐磨性最好。镀态镀层和经250℃热处理的镀层在10%HNO3溶液和10%H2SO4溶液(10%均为体积分数)中的耐腐蚀性明显好于锡青铜基体,镀态镀层在两种介质溶液中的腐蚀速率分别为0.225,0.146 mg/(cm2·d)。结论采用酸性含锌活化液活化锡青铜基体,可以在锡青铜表面制备出化学镀Ni-P合金镀层,且镀覆效果较好。这表明紫铜化学镀Ni-P合金工艺同样适用于锡青铜。     

A new method for electroless Ni-P plating on AZ31 magnesium alloy

Coating Ni-P films on AZ31 magnesium alloys via electroless plating and organic coatings (organsilicon heat-resisting varnish), was studied. An organic coating was proposed as the interlayer between Ni-P coating and AZ31magnesium alloy substrate, to replace the traditional chromium oxide plus HF pretreatment. The Ni-P deposited on the interlayer was also characterized by its structure, morphology and corrosion-resistance. The interlayer on the substrate not only reduces the corrosion of magnesium during Ni-P plating process, but also reduces the potential difference between the matrix and the second phase. The result of the cross-cut test indicates the adhesion between the substrate and the interlayer is good enough. A Ni-P film with fine and dense structure was obtained on the AZ31 magnesium alloy. The electrochemical measurements show that the sample with Ni-P film exhibits lower corrosion current density and more positive corrosion potential than the substrate. Furthermore, the Ni-P coating on the AZ31 magnesium alloy exhibits high corrosion resistance in the rapid corrosion test illustrated in this paper. The method proposed in this work is environmentally friendly: no fluoride or hexacalent chromium compounds are used. In addition, it provides a new concept for plating the metals, which are considered difficult to plate due to high reactivity.     

铝合金化学镀镍工艺对镀层沉积速度的影响

针对铝合金的特点,采用一种无机酸处理工艺对铝合金进行前处理,然后直接进行化学镀镍。讨论了主盐、还原剂、络合剂、pH值等因素对化学镀镍反应沉积速度的影响,得到了较优的工艺配方。验证试验所得Ni-P合金镀层表面均匀,耐蚀性好,结合力强。     

Progress of electroplating and electroless plating on magnesium alloy

The current research processes of electroplating and electroless Ni-P alloy plating on magnesium alloys were reviewed. Theoretically, the reason for difficulties in electroplating and electroless plating on magnesium alloys was given. The zinc immersion, copper immersion, direct electroless Ni-P alloy plating and electroplating and electroless plating on magnesium alloys prepared by chemical conversion coating were presented in detail. Especially, the research development of magnesium alloy AZ91 and AZ31 was discussed briefly. Based on the analysis, the existing problems and future research directions were then given.     

镁合金表面Ni-P/Ni镀层的制备与性能研究

在镁合金表面先化学镀Ni-P层,再电镀Ni,获得高耐蚀性Ni-P/Ni镀层,并用静态腐蚀浸泡法研究了化学镀时间和电镀时间对所得镀层在5%NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,先化学镀40 min,再电镀15 min所得的Ni-P/Ni镀层具备高耐蚀性能,电化学测试结果表明,此种镀层在酸性和碱性溶液中都具有较好的耐蚀性能。在200℃热处理24 h后,Ni-P/Ni镀层的耐蚀性提高,同时外层Ni层的显微硬度从HV460增大到HV550。镀层侧面的SEM照片显示,镀层均匀致密,与基体结合良好,化学镀层与电镀层之间没有明显的界限。     

镁合金化学镀Ni-P的工艺研究

由于镁合金在各介质中的不耐蚀性,其应用受到限制.为了在镁合金表面得到保护性镀层,通过多次实验研究镁合金化学镀Ni-P的镀液组成及不同参数对镀速的影响,测定了镀层的显微硬度、结合力和耐蚀性.盐雾实验和显微硬度的结果表明镀层具有较高的耐蚀性和硬度;热震实验和弯曲实验的结果表明镀层与基体具有良好的结合力.综合以上试验结论,试验得出的镁合金化学镀Ni-P层能满足一般工业对其性能的要求.     

原位测量法研究AZ31镁合金表面化学镀Ni-P的沉积机理

设计一种原位方法去测量AZ31镁合金在化学镀Ni-P过程中基体在镀液中的开路电位和体积表面的镀层形貌变化。通过开路电位曲线、扫描电子显微镜和能谱分析研究AZ31镁合金化学镀Ni-P的沉积机理。结果表明：化学镀Ni-P的沉积过程包括镀层的形成过程和镀层的增厚过程,其中镀层的形成过程又包括镍晶核的形核和长大过程、镀层的二维扩展过程和镀层的三维搭接过程。扫描电镜分析证实了Ni-P镀层的球形瘤状物不仅形成于镀层的增厚阶段,同样也形成于Ni-P镀层的初始沉积阶段。不同沉积阶段的沉积速度变化分别与各自的沉积机理对应。     

前处理工艺对镁合金化学镀Ni-P质量的影响

采用扫描电镜和性能检测的方法,分析了表调、活化和浸锌等前处理工艺对镁合金化学镀Ni-P质量的影响.结果表明,表调可使晶界凸出于α-Mg基体,降低镁合金的表面粗糙度,提高化学镀层的结合强度.活化及浸锌后,促进了化学镀的进行.按表调、活化、一次浸锌、退镀、二次浸锌的工艺进行前处理后实施化学镀,得到的Ni-P镀层致密、平整,与基体结合力强,有效提高了镁合金表面耐蚀性及显微硬度.     

Characterization of Electroless Ni-P Deposits on Surface of AZ91D Magnesium Alloy

Characterization of electroless nickel deposits on magnesium alloys was investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM),energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS)and electrochemical potentiodynamic polarization analysis.The result of XRD showed that the electroless nickel deposits on magnesium alloys were composed mostly of amorphous Ni-P and partially of microcrystalline nickel.The phosphorus content in the Ni-P deposits was 10.8%by the calculation of EDS.SEM micrographs showed that morphology of electroless nickel deposits on magnesium alloys was a typical cellular structure,and the growth of cellular structure was influenced by surface condition of substrate.Zinc layer between substrate and electroless nickel deposits was not found by the results of SEM and EDS,which indicated that the zinc layer on the surface of magnesium alloy was very thin,and the zinc would dissolved while being immersed in electroless nickel plating solution.The thin zinc layer was almost dissolved completely before Ni-P plating.The result of electrochemical potentiodynamic polarization analysis showed that the corrosion potential Ecorr of electroless nickel deposits in 3.5%NaCl solution was about-0.53 V,which was 1 V higher than that of magnesium alloys substrate.And corrosion current density of Ni-P deposits in 3.5%NaCl solution was much smaller than that of magnesium alloys substrate at the same potential value,which indicated that corrosion resistance of electroless Ni-P deposits was excellent.Discoloration time of concentrated nitric acid test for electroless nickel deposits on magnesium alloys was 445 s,which also indicated excellent corrosion resistance.     

2024铝合金表面化学镀镍工艺研究

通过正交实验确定了2024铝合金表面化学镀镍合金层的镀液组成,并通过扫描电镜对镀层的表面形貌进行了观察,通过交流阻抗对镀层在3.5%NaCl溶液的耐蚀性进行了测试。实验结果表明,采用本溶液组成和工艺可以制备表面均匀平整、致密的Ni-P合金层,镀层与基体结合良好。同时,镀层的显微硬度约是基体的8.5倍,耐蚀性得到明显改善,具有良好的工业应用前景。     

铝合金化学镀Ni-P前处理工艺条件的优化

化学镀Ni-P可以改善铝合金易产生晶间腐蚀、表面硬度低、不耐磨损等缺陷,欲使镀层与铝合金基体具有很好的结合力,前处理工艺则显得尤为重要。采用正交试验,用极差法分析了活化和预镀镍各工艺参数对后续化学镀Ni-P镀速影响的主次顺序,确定了活化和预镀镍镀液的最佳配方及各工艺条件,并利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜能谱、增重法、热震实验和失重法等测试了采用最佳活化、预镀镍工艺所得镀层的形貌和性能,结果表明:所确定的活化、预化学镀镍前处理工艺可显著提高镀层的硬度、沉积速率及其与基体的结合强度,镀层组织致密均匀,耐蚀性优良。     

Corrosion behavior of B30 Cu-Ni alloy and anti-corrosion coating in marine environment

The corrosion behavior of B30 Cu-Ni alloy in a sterile seawater and a SRB solution was investigated. The results show that the corrosion potential of specimen in the SRB solution is much lower than that in the sterile seawater. The polarization resistance of specimen in the SRB solution decreases quickly after a period immersion and becomes much lower than that in the sterile seawater. It is concluded that the SRB accelerates the corrosion process of B30 Cu-Ni alloy greatly. An anti-corrosion electroless Ni-P coating was produced and applied to the alloy. The results show that specimens coated with Ni-P plating exhibit favorable corrosion resistance property in SRB solution. Severe pitting corrosion appears on the uncoated specimens in the SRB solution when the coated specimens are still in good condition. The anti-corrosion mechanism of Ni-P plating was analyzed. It is concluded that coating the B30 Cu-Ni alloy with electroless Ni-P plating is an effective technique against the attack of SRB in marine environment.