中国纸产品及其能源需求和CO2排放的情景分析（Ⅰ）

根据NICE模型结构,对中国纸产品需求进行了情景分析。发现消费人口、城市化率是中国纸产品的两个基本变量;对于包装用纸,采用能源需求作为变量进行回归分析．发现了非常强的相关关系。分析结果表明,中国未来纸品需求量到2055年左右将基本达到稳定,人均消费量超过100千克大关,将迟到130千克左右。     

中国造纸业能源需求与CO2排放情景分析(Ⅱ)

利用NICE模型，首先计算了中国造纸业的纸浆需求，进而，根据国际先进和国内目前的水平两种能耗情景，计算了中国造纸业的能源需求和CO2排放。我们认为：造纸业必须解决行业内部技术水平不平衡的问题。技术落后的企业必须进行技术改造，要不然就必定会让技术先进的现代企业所取代。另外，我国还必须采取必要的手段，努力提高废纸回收率。     

2- and 3-Monochloropropanediols in paper products and their transfer to foods

The occurrence of 2- and 3-monochloropropanediol (MCPDs) in selected paper products sold on the Canadian market and the transfer of 3-MCPD from those products to beverages was probed. Products included coffee filters, tea bags, disposable paper hot beverage cups and milk packaged in paperboard containers. The occurrence MCPDs in coffee and tea filters on the German market was investigated as well. Furthermore, the presence of MCPDs in paper towels on the German market was also investigated. Analytes were determined by stable isotope dilution analysis GC-MS in SIM mode. 3-MCPD was detected in most paper products with levels ranging from a few nanograms in tea bags to a few micrograms in white coffee filters. Milk containers’ paperboard contained 3-MCPD at about 500–1500 ng g^–1; however, 3-MCPD was detected in milk only in smaller containers, 237–500 ml (likely due to a lower volume/surface ratio) at levels of about 1 ng g^–1. Out of three disposable hot beverage paper cups tested (of 237–473 ml capacity), paperboard of two contained 3-MCPD at 632–792 ng g^–1, and 3-MCPD was detected in leachate from those paper cups at levels of about 16 ng per cup. 3-MCPD was detected in all paper towels at levels of 42–2466 ng g^–1. 2-MCPD was detected in many paper products (from Canadian and German sources) and in all the towels tested at levels varying from about 0.5–10% of that of 3-MCPD.     

最佳可行技术对我国造纸行业节能减排的启示

简要分析了我国环境技术管理体系存在的主要问题,对美国和欧盟环境技术管理体系进行了描述和对比分析,结合我国造纸行业污染防治的实际情况,探讨欧美发达国家造纸行业最佳可行技术体系建设对我国造纸行业节能减排的启示作用.     

国内国际制浆造纸能耗现状分析

能否降低能源消耗已成为造纸工业可持续发展的关键所在。了解我国的能源政策,熟知我国造纸工业能耗的发展变化、能耗计算细则,掌握不同纸机、不同浆种的能耗情况以及了解与欧洲20世纪末的能耗水平差距,对于我们更好地节约能源、节约资源具有重大的现实意义。     

The display life of retail packaged pork chops after their storage in master packs under atmospheres of N(2), CO(2) or O(2) + CO(2)

Commercial, bone-in pork loins were divided into four portions. One portion of each loin was vacuum packaged, then stored at -1.5 °C. The other portions were each divided into three chops, which were retail packaged. The retail packs were master packaged under atmospheres of N(2), CO(2) or O(2) + CO(2) (2:1, v/v), then stored at 2 °C. The pork was assessed after storage for up to 42 days. At each assessment, a vacuum pack and a master pack of each type, each containing product from the same loin, were withdrawn from storage. The vacuum packaged portion was cut into three chops, which were retail packaged. The chops from all packagings were displayed in a retail cabinet which maintained average air temperatures between 3 and 6 °C. The chops were assessed twice daily until they were judged to be of undesirable appearance. After storage for 1 or 2 days, the chops from all master packs appeared less desirable than the freshly cut chops. After all longer storage times, chops from N(2) and CO(2) atmospheres appeared as desirable as freshly cut chops, as did chops from O(2) + CO(2) that were stored for up to 16 days. However, chops stored under O(2) + CO(2) for 21 days appeared undesirable. Chops stored under N(2) or O(2) + CO(2) developed spoilage odours, after storage for 28 or 21 days, respectively. Bacteria were more numerous on the fat than on the muscle tissue. The numbers of bacteria were 10(7) cfu cm(-2) on the fat surfaces of chops stored under vacuum or N(2) for 42 days. The numbers of bacteria were 10(6) cfu cm(-2) on the fat surfaces of chops stored under CO(2) for 42 days or under O(2) + CO(2) for 21 days. At those times, only lactobacilli were isolated from chops stored under CO(2), but small or large fractions of enterobacteria were present in the flora on chops stored under vacuum or N(2), respectively, while the flora on chops stored under O(2) + CO(2) contained large fractions of Brochothrix thermosphacta and Gram negative, strictly aerobic, spoilage bacteria. After all storage times, chops cut from vacuum packaged portions remained of desirable appearance when displayed for 48 hr or longer. Chops stored under N(2) or CO(2) for between 2 and 35 days, or under O(2) + CO(2) for between 4 and 12 days, retained a desirable appearance during display for the same times as the freshly cut chops. Off-odours were apparent in chops after their display following storage under vacuum or CO(2) for 21 days, or under N(2) or O(2) + CO(2) for 12 days. The numbers of bacteria on the fat surfaces of chops spoiled by off-odours were ≥ 10(5) cfu cm(-2). The flora on chops removed from display were generally enriched for B. thermosphacta, enterobacteria and/or Gram negative aerobes as compared with the flora on the chops when they were removed from the storage packs. Those data indicate that the storage life of master packaged, display ready pork will probably be severely limited by the poor hygienic condition of commercial products, to little more than 1 week for product stored under N(2) or O(2) + CO(2) or < 3 weeks for product stored under CO(2).     

染整工艺的水电汽节省案例解析(一)

通过大量例举节水、节电、节汽的案例，供行业参考。诸如废气、废水和废料的回收，采用热交换器、疏水阀及扩容蒸发器；染整联合机、风机、水泵的电力传动，采用变频调速；工艺流程采用冷轧堆，湿-湿工艺、湿热丝光、松堆丝光、湿短蒸染色和涂料印花等技术；提高新型装备的能耗效率等。     

经济周期与节能减排——影响2009年纸业市场的关键因素

在目前造纸工业场总体供过于求现状下;在经济增速面临下滑和出现波动的情形下,影响2000年中国造纸工业和企业业绩的关键因素是经济周期变化影响的需求变化,其次是节能减排标准和执行力度提高影响的结构性供给变化.     

落实科学发展观推进造纸工业节能减排战略

在“十一五”期间,大力削减造纸行业的废水排放量和化学需氧量,淘汰650万吨的落后产能,被淘汰造纸企业要就地销毁生产设备,做到彻底淘汰,是实现造纸工业节能减排目标的关键。国家环保部于2008年6月25日公布的《制浆造纸工业水污染物排放标准》（GB3544-2008）,对排放的制浆造纸废水水量、水质提出了极高的要求。中国造纸企业应坚持把节能减排、发展循环经济、建设环境友好型企业作为企业重要发展战略来抓,必须走“科技含量高、资源利用低、经济效益好、环境污染少”的新型工业化道路。     

2020年造纸行业供需格局展望

12020年造纸行业处于修复阶段2019年国内造纸行情整体呈探底回升的格局。根据卓创资讯造纸行业价格指数走势看,2019年3月中旬以来,国内造纸价格再度出现了大幅度的下跌,该行情一直延续到2019年8月中旬,该阶段价格指数跌幅近13%。8月中旬到9月,市场价格处于底部调整阶段,10月开始价格则持续走高,一直延续到2019年年底,该阶段价格涨幅为5%。见图1。     

简析纸业上市公司2005年业绩及前景

本文简述了2005年造纸业各上市公司的主要业绩，并对其发展前景作了简要分析和展望。