基于支持向量机的笔迹鉴别系统

此文介绍一个脱机方式的文本无关的字迹鉴别系统.系统由把手写的文字作为图象通过扫描仪输入计算机,预处理,提取特征参数,训练模型,最后进行识别等阶段组成.在预处理阶段,本文提出了局部分割字符图象中的行,行的标准化,通过行的投影纠正行的水平位置,最后消除水平方向文字之间的空白的方法.在参数提取阶段,本文采用Gabor变换计算4个方向每个方向4个频率的笔迹特征.在训练和识别阶段,使用支持向量机建立模型和进行识别.本文对17个人任意书写的笔迹进行实验,得到较好的结果.     

基于优化分割重建图像的文本无关笔迹鉴定

笔迹鉴定的主要过程首先是系统把手写的笔迹文字通过扫描仪输入计算机，然后对原始笔迹的图像进行预处理。在预处理阶段，本文提出了优化分割重建图像的归一化预处理方法，在参数提取阶段，本文采用多通道二维G2bro滤波器，通过计算4个方向每个方向4个频率来提取的笔迹特征。本文对10个人任意书写的笔迹进行实验，鉴别正确率得到较好的提高。     

基于TFBP网络的人脸皮肤纹理识别方法

为了可观地评价皮肤的质地,采用图像纹理分析中的空间灰度共生矩阵法提取皮肤纹理图像的重要特征,建立一种新的人脸皮肤纹理的测量识别模型.首先对采集到图像进行预处理,然后采用空间灰度共生矩阵法提取纹理图像的5个特征,最后通过TFBP网络对皮肤纹理图像的训练与分类识别实验结果很好的证明了这种纹理分析与测量方法的有效性.     

脱机自由手写英文单词的识别

介绍了一个基于隐马尔科夫模型的、采用模糊分割方式的脱机手写英文单词识别系统。该系统由图像预处理、特征提取、基于HMM的训练和识别四个模块组成。图像预处理中包括二值化、平滑去噪、倾斜校正和参考线提取。然后通过宽度不固定的滑动窗提取特征，前两组特征是整体形状和象素分布特征，另外又引入了Sobel梯度特征。HMM模型采用嵌入式的Baum-Welch算法训练，这种训练方式无需分割单词。最后用Viterbi算法识别。对字典中的每个单词，采用字母模型线性连接成单词模型。     

一种基于BRISK与PaddlePaddle的眼球轨迹控制算法

笔者将拍摄的眼球运动照片进行预处理操作形成训练集,利用Python编程对预处理完成的眼球运动序列图片进行训练,把得到的模型进行运动方向识别,目的是远程控制信号传输的设备。在图像预处理阶段采用二值化、灰度化和BRISK算法,训练阶段采用百度的PaddlePaddle,最后得到的运动轨迹位置点在可以允许的误差范围内。通过集成几种通用的算法和编程工具,形成了对眼珠运动检测与轨迹记录的较为完整的方案。     

基于自监督知识迁移的鲁棒性语音识别技术

针对标注神经网络训练数据的成本日益增加与噪声干扰阻碍语音识别系统性能提升的问题,提出一种基于自监督知识迁移的鲁棒性语音识别模型的模型训练算法。首先,在预处理阶段提取原始语音样本的三个人工特征;然后,在训练阶段将特征提取网络生成的高级特征分别通过三个浅层网络来拟合预处理阶段提取的人工特征;同时,把特征提取前端与语音识别后端进行交叉训练,并合并它们的损失函数;最后,通过梯度反向传播令特征提取网络学会提取更有助于去噪语音识别的高级特征,从而实现人工知识迁移与去噪,并高效利用了训练数据。在军事装备控制的应用场景下,基于加噪后的THCHS-30、希尔贝壳数据集AISHELL-1与ST-CMDS这三个开源中文语音识别数据集以及军事装备控制指令的数据集上进行测试,实验结果表明,基于自监督知识迁移的鲁棒性语音识别模型的模型训练算法词错率可以降低到0.12,不仅可以实现对鲁棒性语音识别模型的模型训练,同时通过自监督知识迁移提高了训练样本的利用率,可完成装备控制任务。     

基于深度学习的无参考立体图像质量评价

立体图像质量评价是评价立体视频系统性能的有效途径,而如何结合人类的视觉特性对立体图像质量进行评价是目前的研究难点.为此提出一种基于深度学习的无参考立体图像质量评价方法,分为训练和测试2个阶段.在训练阶段,首先对左右图像分别进行Gabor滤波,获取不同尺度和方向的统计特征作为单目特性;然后根据人眼视觉系统的双目竞争特性,将左右图像融合得到独眼图,提取其方向梯度直方图作为双目特征;最后通过深度信念网络训练得到特征和主观评价值之间的回归模型.在测试阶段,根据已建立的回归模型,预测得到左右图像质量并联合得到立体图像质量.实验结果表明,文中方法在对称和非对称立体图像数据库都取得了较好的效果,与人类的主观感知保持良好的一致性.     

基于融合特征的行人再识别方法*

行人再识别过程中,由于姿势和光照等因素的变化使不同相机中所得行人的外形具有明显变化,较难提取不变性特征,导致识别率偏低.鉴于此种情况,文中提出基于融合特征的行人再识别方法,提取的特征包括HSV颜色特征、颜色直方图特征及梯度方向直方图特征,行人再识别过程分为训练阶段和识别阶段.在训练阶段,首先对训练图像集中每幅图像进行特征提取,然后利用典型相关分析获得2部相机拍摄同一行人的图像特征之间的相关性,生成相关性矩阵.在识别阶段,首先对参考图像集和测试图像集中每幅图像进行特征提取,然后将各自特征向量利用相关性矩阵进行变换,最后进行相似度度量,得到识别结果.在3个图像库上的实验表明,文中方法可以提高行人再识别的识别率.     

基于对称双线性模型的光照鲁棒性人脸表情识别

针对传统的光照预处理方法降低原始图像质量、丢失部分有效辨识信息的缺点,提出一种新颖的应用对称双线性模型来对人脸表情图像进行光照预处理的光照鲁棒性人脸表情识别方法.首先通过对称双线性模型将训练集图像分解为相互独立的光照因子和表情因子,并提取其光照因子.接下来提取含有未知光照的测试集表情图像的表情因子,并将其转换到训练集的若干个已知光照上,这样处理能够将任意光照的测试图像转换到相同的光照平台上,令所有测试图像的特征具有归一化特性.实验结果表明, 本文所提光照预处理方 法在识别性能上优于传统的光照预处理方法,应用在光照处理后的JAFFE表情库上识别率达到92.37%, 表明其适用于光照鲁棒性人脸表情识别.     

视频图像中维吾尔文字的识别研究

提出了从复杂背景视频图像中提取文字并识别的一套算法,利用自适应迭代算法提取视频中维吾尔文字,针对维吾尔文字的一些特点,利用合适的预处理方法保留维吾尔文字中的各种点及特殊笔画,同时有效地消除了复杂背景带来的噪声。考虑维吾尔文字书写的特点,利用滑动窗口法提取文字特征避免了文字分割,将产生的特征向量输入到隐马尔可夫模型（Hidden Morkov Model）中进行训练和识别。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.