PROPERTIES, WELDABILITY AND APPLICATIONS OF ADVANCED WROUGHT SUPERALLOYS FOR GAS TURBINE ENGINES

Alloy selection and alloy design both require consideration of an array of material attributes, including in-service properties, weldability and fabricability. Critical properties of advanced wrought superaUoys for gas turbine applications include high temperature strength, thermal stability, oxidation resistance and fatigue resistance. In this paper, the properties of twelve wrought solid-solution-strengthened and six age-hardenable superalloys are compared. Weldability is an important attribute and can be a major limiting factor in the use of certain alloys. Weldability test methods are discussed and the resistance of alloys to solidification cracking and strain-age cracking is compared. The use of weldability testing in the development of modern wrought superalloys is discussed with several examples cited. Finally, alloy selection for gas turbine components is outlined, taking into account both alloy properties and fabricability.     

MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF A Ni_3Al-Fe BASED ALLOY

The microstructure,tensile properties at 20—950℃ and creep rupture properties at 700-900℃ in a Ni_3Al-Fe based alloy after high temperature deformation have been studied.Theresults show the microstructure of the alloy is composed of γ′-and β-phases.The grain sizeand yield strength of the alloy is stable when the temperature≤600℃,and it is ductile athigh temperature.The creep of the alloy at 700—900℃ is controlled by the climbing of dislo-cations,and the activation energy for creep is 439 KJ/mol with a stress exponent of 4.     

Ti_3Al PHASE PRECIPITATION DURING VIBRATION FATIGUING FOR A TITANIUM ALLOY

Ｔｉ_３ＡｌＰＨＡＳＥＰＲＥＣＩＰＩＴＡＴＩＯＮＤＵＲＩＮＧＶＩＢＲＡＴＩＯＮＦＡＴＩＧＵＩＮＧＦＯＲＡＴＩＴＡＮＩＵＭＡＬＬＯＹ￥ＴａｏＣｈｕｎｈｕ；ＺｈａｎｇＳｈａｏｑｉｎｇ；ＹａｎＭｉｎｇｇａｏ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＡｅｒｏｎａｕｔｉｃａｌＭ?..     

HIGH TEMPERATURE SHAPE MEMORY EFFECT AND PRE-DEFORMATION FOR Ti_(50) Ni_(13) Pd_(37) ALLOY

The dependence of high temperature shape memory effect on the pre-deformation tempera-ture of the Ti_(50)Ni_3Pd_(37) alloy has been studied.This alloy,of which the reverse transformationstart temperature on heating is 620 K,has both one-way and two-way shape memory effects.The maximum shape memory strain of the ahoy may be obtained under pre-deformation inthe range of 620 to 640 K.This seems to be related to the minimum recoverable strain energyemerged from the above mentioned temperature range.     

TEXTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WARM ROLLED Fe_3Al BASED ALLOY

ＴＥＸＴＵＲＥＡＮＤＭＥＣＨＡＮＩＣＡＬＰＲＯＰＥＲＴＩＥＳＯＦＷＡＲＭＲＯＬＬＥＤＦｅ_３ＡｌＢＡＳＥＤＡＬＬＯＹＳＵＮＺｕｑｉｎｇ，ＭＡＯＷｅｉｍｉｎ，ＣＨＡＩＳｈｕｙａｎ，ＹＡＮＧＷａｎｇｙｕｅ，ＨＵＡＮＧＹｕａｎｄｉｎｇ（Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ...     

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF DIRECTIONALLY-SOLIDIFIED Ni_3Al CONTAINING BORON AND CARBON

ＭＥＣＨＡＮＩＣＡＬＰＲＯＰＥＲＴＩＥＳＯＦＤＩＲＥＣＴＩＯＮＡＬＬＹＳＯＬＩＤＩＦＩＥＤＮｉ３ＡｌＣＯＮＴＡＩＮＩＮＧＢＯＲＯＮＡＮＤＣＡＲＢＯＮ①ＺｈａｎｇＹｕｎ，ＬｉｎＤｏｎｇｌｉａｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＭａｔｅｒｉａｌｓＳｃｉｅｎｃｅａ...     

INFLUENCE OF Al ON HIGH TEMPERATURE SULFIDATION OF AN Fe-25Cr ALLOY IN H_2S-H_2 GAS MIXTURES

The effects of 5 wt.-% Al and 10 wt.-% Al on the sulfidation behaviour of the Fe-25Cralloy in H_2S-H_2 gas mixtures in the temperature range of 700～900 C has been studied.Thesulfidation resistance of Fe-25Cr was improved and the sulfide scale morphologies,compositionand structure of Fe-25Cr changed remarkably.The sulfidation kinetics of the alloys with alu-minium obeyed basically the parabolic law after an initial period of reaction time.The sulfida-tion mechanism of the Fe-Cr-Al alloy has been proposed.     

ANTIPHASE DOMAIN BOUNDARY ENERGY OF γ′ [Ni_3(Al,Ti)] PARTICLES WITH VARIOUS Al CONTENTS AND THEIR STRENGTHENING CONTRIBUTION TO A Ni-BASE ALLOY GH99

GH99镍基合金在室温拉伸变形条件下,被位错切割过渡到被位错绕过的γ'[Ni_3(Al,Ti)]质点的临界直径约为60nm.在同样条件下,该合金γ'强化的方式属于被位错切割机制.增加γ'相中Al含量能提高其反相畴界能和增大合金塑性变形的临界分切应力.GH99镍基合金的室温屈服强度理论计算值与实测值很接近.由γ'沉淀强化所贡献的强度占总强度的45％到64％,它随γ'相中Al含量的增多而增大.晶界碳化物强化所贡献的强度很少,只占2—3％。     

INFLUENCE OF BORON ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF RAPIDLY SOLIDIFIED Ni_3Al

By means of nonstoichiometry,rapid solidification and adequate boron addition,the tensilestrength and bending resistance of Ni_3Al has been improved.When adding 0.52 to 1.37 at.-%B into Ni_3Al,which has the beneficial effect on the ductility.If boron addition is too high,there are coarse Ni_(23)B_6 particles and NiB_(12) phases found at the grain boundaries.Boronmodification in Ni_3Al promotes the ordering in the region near grain boundaries.The grainboundary of boron free Ni_3Al is a large angle one,but turns into a small angle grain bound-ary with sub-grains of dislocation characteristics when the boron content in Ni_3Al reaches1.37 at.-%.     

定向铸造Ni_3Al基合金IC6的中温蠕变行为

本文测定了ＩＣ６合金在９９３－１０７３Ｋ，７７４一８７４ＭＰａ下的蠕变曲线，利用ＴＥＭ技术观察了蠕变各阶段试样的微观组织，发现不同面上的层错交互作用形成的面角位错控制中温蠕变速率。     

定向铸造Ni3Al基合金的IC6的中温蠕变行为

本文测定了ＩＣ６合金在９９３－１０７３Ｋ，７７４－８７４ＭＰａ下的蠕变曲线，利用ＴＥＭ技术观察了蠕变各阶段试样的微观组织，发现不同面上的层错交互作用形成的面角位错控制中温蠕变速率。     

钇对硅对Ni3Al基IC6合金组织和性能的影响

利用电子探针研究了不同含量Ｙ和Ｓｉ对定向凝固Ｎｉ３Ａｌ基合金ＩＣ６微观组织的影响,测定了合金的１１００℃抗氧化性能,１１００℃／８０ＭＰａ持久性能,１１００℃热疲劳性能以及各种温度下的瞬时性能。结果表明,加适量Ｙ有利于提高ＩＣ６合金的高温抗氧化性能,持久性能和热疲劳性能,Ｓｉ也有利于提高ＩＣ６合金的高温抗氧化性能。而对持久性能和热疲劳性能不利,Ｙ和Ｓｉ对ＩＣ６合金的瞬时性能均无明显影响。     

钇和硅对Ni_3Al基IC6合金组织和性能的影响

利用电子探针研究了不同含量Y和Si对定向凝固Ni3Al基合金IC6微观组织的影响,测定了合金的1100℃抗氧化性能、1100℃／80MPa持久性能、1100℃热疲劳性能以及各种温度下的瞬时性能,结果表明,加适量Y有利于提高IC6合金的高温抗氧化性能、持久性能和热疲劳性能,Si也有利于提高IC6合金的高温抗氧化性能,而对持久性能和热疲劳性能不利,Y和Si对IC6合金联的瞬时性能均无明显影响     

Zr对铸造Ni3Al合金塑性的影响

大量压缩和拉伸实验表明:在无硼Ni_3Al合金中加入适量的Zr可使其具有较好的室温塑性,Zr对Ni_3Al合金的韧化作用并不局限于富Ni的Ni_3Al合金,对Al含量略高于化学计量成分的Ni_3Al也有一定的韧化作用,而且Zr在晶界仅略有偏聚,因此,可以认为Zr对Ni_3Al合金的韧化机理与硼不同,Zr对改善中温脆性和提高高温塑性也都具有一定的效果     

定向凝固Ni3Al合金高温变形后的显微组织特征

利用金相,扫描电镜和透射电子显微镜研究了定向凝固Ｎｉ３Ａｌ合金高温变形后的显微组织特征。研究结果表明,当变形速率较快时,原始柱状晶晶界无明显变化,晶内无明显结构存在;当变形速率较慢,合金呈现塑变形时,变形初期柱状晶晶界呈现“锯齿状”,后期原始柱状晶界消失,代之以晶粒尺度约为１５ｍｍ的晶粒带,晶粒带中既有小角度晶界,也有大角度晶界。     

定向凝固Ni_3Al－Mo基合金高温氧化研究

利用热天平连续称重，研究了Ｎｉ３Ａｌ－Ｍｏ基合金（ＩＣ－６）在１２７３，１３７３Ｋ的空气中恒温３００ｈ的氧化行为．用ＥＰＭＡ及ＸＲＤ分析了氧化层的结构和成分，；ＩＣ－６合金的氧化层中包括ＮｉＡｌ２Ｏ４，ＮｉＭｏＯ４，ＭｏＯ２相．氧向内扩散及ＭｏＯ２氧化形成挥发性ＭｏＯ３同时影响着ＩＣ－６合金的氧化进程，氧化反应方程式可表示为：理论方程与实验数据吻合较好．ＭｏＯ３在１２７３、１３７３Ｋ的挥发速率常数分别为３．２７×１０－５和２．５５×１０－４ｍｇ／ｃｍ２·ｓ．     

EFFECT OF SILICON ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF YTTRIUM MODIFIED Ni_3Al BASE ALLOY IC6

1.IntroductionAdirectionallysolidifiedNi3AIbasealloyIC6hasbeenrecentlydevelopedinBIAMasahigh-temperaturestructuralmaterialusedforadvancedjet--enginebladesandvanesoperatinginthetemperaturerangeof1000mll50oC[1].Thealloynotonlyhashighyieldstrengthandfairlygoodductilityfromroomtemperatureto1100"C,butalsohashighcreepresistanceinthetemperaturerangeof760--1100"C.Itsoxidationresistancehasbeensubstantiallyimprovedbytheadditionofproperamountsofsiliconandyttrium[2--4].Siliconmaybeusedasrefiningaddit…     

Mg，RE复合微合金化Ni_3Al（B）－Cr基合金的中、高温性能

研究了Ｍｇ，ＲＥ复合微合金化Ｎｉ_３Ａｌ（Ｂ）－Ｃｒ基合金（合金Ⅱ）和加Ｚｒ的Ｎｉ３Ａｌ（Ｂ）－Ｃｒ基合金（合金Ⅰ）的中、高温性能．发现加入Ｍｇ，ＲＥ仍能保持合金反常的强度－温度特性．该两种合金在中、高温下的延伸率都有缓降区．剧降区及平稳区三个阶段，分别由位错阻碍，氧扩散及氧浓度稳定三种机制控制．合金Ⅱ比合金Ⅰ在更低的温度进入塑性剧降区可能和Ｍｇ，ＲＥ在晶界偏聚促进了氧的扩散有关．     

铸造Ni3Al基合金的韧化研究

本文报道了铝当量为19-23at.-%的一系列铸造Ni_3Al基合金的显微组织和塑性及其与合金元素间关系的研究结果。表明,Hf、Ti和Zr显著地改变初生Ni_3Al(γ’)相的形态和分布并细化其尺寸,而Nb、W和Ta则不具有上述作用,在显微组织被细化的合金中,形成韧性的γ’-γ-γ’界面,消除了本质弱化的γ’-γ’脆性界面,初生相的尺寸可以控制在几十微米,表现出良好的塑性,尤其是中温塑性有较大改善。另外,组织细化的合金在无Cr时仍有可观的塑性,Cr对改善中温塑性有益,这可能是由于它改变合金中的γ相的数量和分布的结果。